Flock differences in the impact of maternal dietary restriction on offspring growth and glucose tolerance in female offspring

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
BE Burt ◽  
BW Hess ◽  
PW Nathanielsz ◽  
SP Ford
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The effect of maternal and post-weaning low and high glycaemic index diets on glucose tolerance, fat deposition and hepatic function in rat offspring

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gugusheff ◽  
P. Sim ◽  
A. Kheng ◽  
S. Gentili ◽  
M. Al-Nussairawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of a maternal low glycaemic index (GI) diet on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but the impact of the diet on the offspring in later life, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain unclear. In this study, Albino Wistar rats were fed either a low GI (n=14) or high GI (n=14) diet during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring weaned onto either the low or high GI diet. Low GI dams had better glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1322±55 v. 1523±72 mmol min/l, P<0.05) and a lower proportion of visceral fat (19.0±2.9 v. 21.7±3.8% of total body fat, P<0.05) compared to high GI dams. Female offspring of low GI dams had lower visceral adiposity (0.45±0.03 v. 0.53±0.03% body weight, P<0.05) and higher glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1243±29 v. 1351±39 mmol min/l, P<0.05) at weaning, as well as lower hepatic PI3K-p85 mRNA at 12 weeks of age. No differences in glucose tolerance or hepatic gene expression were observed in male offspring, but the male low GI offspring did have reduced hepatic lipid content at weaning. These findings suggest that consuming a low GI diet during pregnancy and lactation can improve glucose tolerance and reduce visceral adiposity in the female offspring at weaning, and may potentially produce long-term reductions in the hepatic lipogenic capacity of these offspring.

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal Intake of Artificial Sweetener, Acesulfame-K, on Metabolic and Reproductive Health Outcomes in Male and Female Mouse Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pania E. Bridge-Comer ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Jacob Morton-Jones ◽  
Ana Spada ◽  
Jing Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
The Impact

Guidelines advising pregnant women to avoid food and beverages with high fat and sugar have led to an increase in the consumption of “diet” options sweetened by artificial sweeteners (AS). Yet, there is limited information regarding the impact of AS intake during pregnancy on the long-term risk of cardiometabolic and reproductive complications in adult offspring. This study examined the influence of maternal acesulfame-K (Ace-K) and fructose consumption on metabolic and reproductive outcomes in offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received standard chow ad-libitum with either water (CD), fructose (Fr; 20% kcal intake), or AS (AS; 12.5 mM Ace-K) throughout pregnancy and lactation (n = 8/group). Postweaning offspring were maintained on a CD diet for the remainder of the experiment. Body weight, food intake, and water intake were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were undertaken at 12 weeks, and the offspring were culled at week 14. Female, but not male, AS groups exhibited decreased glucose tolerance compared to Fr. There was an increase in gonadal fat adipocyte size in male offspring from AS and Fr groups compared to CD groups. In female offspring, adipocyte size was increased in the Fr group compared to the CD group. In female, but not male offspring, there was a trend toward increase in Fasn gene expression in AS group compared to the CD group. Maternal AS and Fr also negatively impacted upon female offspring estrus cycles and induced alterations to markers associated with ovulation. In summary, exposure to Ace-k via the maternal diet leads to impaired glucose tolerance and impacts adipocyte size in a sex-specific manner as well as significantly affecting estrus cycles and related gene markers in female offspring. This has implications in terms of providing tailored dietary advice for pregnant women and highlights the potential negative influence of artificial sweetener intake in the context of intergenerational impacts.

scholarly journals Differential effects of prenatal stress and glucocorticoid administration on postnatal growth and glucose metabolism in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
K L Franko ◽  
A J Forhead ◽  
A L Fowden
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Gluconeogenic Enzyme

Glucocorticoid administration during pregnancy programmes cardiovascular and metabolic functions in the adult offspring. Often, the control procedures are stressful per se and raise maternal glucocorticoid concentrations. This study compared the effects of maternal injection with dexamethasone (dex, 200 μg/kg) or saline with no treatment from 15 to 20 days of rat pregnancy on offspring growth and glucose metabolism. Near term, maternal corticosterone concentrations were higher in the saline-treated dams and lower in the dex-treated dams relative to untreated animals. In both male and female offspring, growth rate was measured for 14 weeks, and glucose tolerance was assessed between 12 and 13 weeks together with body fat content and plasma concentrations of insulin, leptin, and corticosterone between 14 and 15 weeks. Offspring liver was collected at different ages and was analyzed for glycogen content and gluconeogenic enzyme activity. Compared with untreated animals, both dex and saline treatments altered postnatal growth although adult body weight was unaffected. The two treatments had different effects on adult insulin concentrations and on hepatic glycogen content and gluconeogenic enzyme activities both pre- and postnatally. Relative to untreated animals, adult glucose tolerance was improved by maternal saline injection in males but not in females, while it was impaired in female offspring but not in male offspring of the dex-treated dams. Adult glucose tolerance was related to male body fat content but not to female body fat content. Dex and saline treatments of pregnant rats have differential sex-linked effects on the growth and glucose metabolism of their offspring, which indicates that the programming actions of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids may differ.

Effect of Fetal and Neonatal Hypothyroidism on Glucose Tolerance in Middle-Aged Female Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Jeddi ◽  
Saeedeh Khalifi ◽  
Mahboubeh Ghanbari ◽  
Asghar Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background and objective: The effects of hypothyroidism during pregnancy and lactation on carbohydrate metabolism have been mostly studied in male animals. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate effect of fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism (FH and NH) on the glucose tolerance in middle-aged female rat offspring. Methods: Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups: Rats in the control group consumed tap water, while those in the FH and NH groups consumed 250 mg/L of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water during gestation or lactation periods, respectively. After weaning, the female offspring were separated and divided into 3 groups (n=8/group): Control, FH, and NH. Body weight was recorded monthly and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at month 12. Results: Compared to controls, female rats in the FH group had significantly higher plasma glucose levels than controls throughout the IVGTT except at min 60. Values at min 5 of the FH and control group were 196.1±1.9 and 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, respectively (P<0.05). In the NH group, plasma glucose levels were significantly higher only at min 5 (185.7±14.1 vs. 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism during fetal or neonatal periods caused glucose intolerance in middle-aged female offspring rats.

Impact of Glucose Metabolism Disorders on IGF-1 Levels in Patients with Acromegaly

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (05) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Dogansen ◽  
Gulsah Yalin ◽  
Seher Tanrikulu ◽  
Sema Yarman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of glucose metabolism abnormalities and their impact on IGF-1 levels in patients with acromegaly. Ninety-three patients with acromegaly (n=93; 52 males/41 females) were included in this study. Patients were separated into three groups such as; normal glucose tolerance (n=23, 25%), prediabetes (n=38, 41%), and diabetes mellitus (n=32, 34%). Insulin resistance was calculated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). HOMA-IR > 2.5 or ≤2.5 were defined as insulin resistant or noninsulin resistant groups, respectively. Groups were compared in terms of factors that may be associated with glucose metabolism abnormalities. IGF-1% ULN (upper limit of normal)/GH ratios were used to evaluate the impact of glucose metabolism abnormalities on IGF-1 levels. Patients with diabetes mellitus were significantly older with an increased frequency of hypertension (p<0.001, p=0.01, respectively). IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio was significantly lower in prediabetes group than in normal glucose tolerance group (p=0.04). Similarly IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio was significantly lower in insulin resistant group than in noninsulin resistant group (p=0.04). Baseline and suppressed GH levels were significantly higher in insulin resistant group than in noninsulin resistant group (p=0.024, p<0.001, respectively). IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio is a useful marker indicating glucose metabolism disorders and IGF-1 levels might be inappropriately lower in acromegalic patients with insulin resistance or prediabetes. We suggest that IGF-1 levels should be re-evaluated after the improvement of insulin resistance or glycemic regulation for the successful management of patients with acromegaly.

Low carbohydrate diets in eating disorders and type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910452098077
Author(s):  
Melissa Hart ◽  
Kirrilly Pursey ◽  
Carmel Smart
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact

Dietary intake requires attention in the treatment of both eating disorders and type 1 diabetes (T1D) to achieve optimal outcomes. Nutritional management of both conditions involves encouraging a wide variety of healthful foods in the context of usual cultural and family traditions. In recent times, low carbohydrate diets have seen a rise in popularity, both in T1D and in the general population. Low carbohydrate diets involve dietary restriction, although the extent depends on the level of carbohydrate prescription. Although dietary restriction is a known risk factor for eating disorders, there is limited literature on the impact of following a low carbohydrate diet on the development and maintenance of eating disorders in T1D. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary restriction on the development and treatment of eating disorders and propose considerations to enable optimum health outcomes in individuals with T1D, an at risk group. In order to achieve this, clarity regarding strategies that allow both flexibility in dietary intake and facilitate healthy eating behaviours, whilst achieving glycaemic targets, are required.

The impact of ageing, fasting and high-fat diet on central and peripheral glucose tolerance and glucose-sensing neural networks in the arcuate nucleus

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. e12528 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van den Top ◽  
F.-Y. Zhao ◽  
R. Viriyapong ◽  
N. J. Michael ◽  
A. C. Munder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Impact

Prevention of diet-induced obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in rats following administration of leptin to their mothers

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. R1810-R1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire J. Stocker ◽  
Ed Wargent ◽  
Jacqueline O'Dowd ◽  
Claire Cornick ◽  
John R. Speakman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Obesogenic Diet ◽  
Tolerance Curve

Absence of leptin is known to disrupt the development of energy balance regulatory mechanisms. We investigated whether administration of leptin to normally nourished rats affects energy balance in their offspring. Leptin (2 mg·kg−1·day−1) was administered from day 14 of pregnancy and throughout lactation. Male and female offspring were fed either on chow or on high-fat diets that elicited similar levels of obesity in the sexes from 6 wk to 15 mo of age. Treatment of the dams with leptin prevented diet-induced increases in the rate of weight gain, retroperitoneal fat pad weight, area under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance curve, and fasting plasma insulin concentration in female offspring. In the male offspring, the diet-induced increase in weight gain was prevented and increased fat pad weight was reduced. Energy intake per rat was higher in response to the obesogenic diet in male offspring of saline-treated but not leptin-treated dams. A similar trend was seen in 3-mo-old female offspring. Energy expenditure at 3 mo of age was higher for a given body weight in female offspring of leptin-treated compared with saline-treated dams when these animals were fed on the obesogenic diet. A similar trend was seen for male rats fed on the obesogenic diet. Thus leptin levels during pregnancy and lactation can affect the development of energy balance regulatory systems in their offspring.

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