HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Piperine, Embeline, and Carvone in the Ayurvedic Formulation Catpusphadhya Churna

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal L Jain ◽  
Rakesh K Patel ◽  
Hardik P Patel
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Indian Medicine ◽  
Hptlc Method ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Abstract Churnas are an important group of formulations used by traditional physicians to treat various types of diseases. The principle of using a churna is based on the fact that the therapeutic value of most substances greatly increases when they are reduced to a very fine state of subdivision. Catpusphadhya churna, as per the Ayurvedic system of Indian medicine, is used for acute rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop an HPTLC method for the quantitative determination of piperine, embeline, and carvone in a laboratory-prepared formulation. Raw materials used in formulations were obtained from two different suppliers and were subjected to methanol extractions by using a Soxhlet apparatus. Piperine, embeline, and carvone were quantified in the extracts by using HPTLC. The detection and quantification were performed at 254 nm. The formulation contained 2.35% (w/w) of piperine, 4.86% (w/w) of embeline, and 1.48% (v/w) of carvone. Linearity studies indicated that piperine, embeline, and carvone were in the linear ranges, while the recovery studies revealed a recovery of 99.32% (w/w) of piperine, 101.82% (w/w) of embeline, and 100.09% (v/w) of carvone, thus proving the accuracy of the analysis. The developed HPTLC method resolved and quantified piperine, embeline, and carvone effectively, so it could be an important method for the QC of polyherbal formulations.

RP-HPLC AND HPTLC METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LUPEOL IN. HEMIDESMUS INDICUS LINN. ROOT EXTRACTS AND POLYHERBAL FORMULATION USING STANDARD MA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (07) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Jayaprakasam Rajendran ◽  
Anita Elizabeth Chacko ◽  
Tresa Thomas ◽  
Neethu Johnson ◽  
Kochupapy Ravi Thengungal
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Hemidesmus Indicus ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Hptlc Method

The roots of Hemidesmus indicus, belonging to the family Ascelpidaceae, are used as blood purifier, antileucorrhoeic, galactogenic, antidiarrhoeal, antirheumatic, antisyphilitic, febrifuge and possesses chemical constituents like triterpenoids (lupeol), flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. Roots were dried and extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol by using Soxhlet apparatus. Two simple and sensitive chromatographic methods, namely, HPTLC and HPLC, were developed for determination of lupeol from the extract of H. indicus and its polyherbal formulation and validated according to ICH guidelines. The HPTLC method linear regression data for the standard lupeol a concentration range of 400-900ng/spot and correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9904. The HPLC calibration curves of standard lupeol showed good linearity range from 20 to 100μg/ml and correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9929. The HPTLC and HPLC methods are simple, precise, accurate and specific. Hence, these methods can be used for the standardization of lupeol in herbal plants and polyherbal formulations.

Influence of the Position of Ignition Source on the Raw Materials Used to Produce Biofuel in Form of Wood Pellets

2014 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Jozef Horváth ◽  
Karol Balog ◽  
Tomáš Chrebet
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Ignition Source ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Picea Excelsa

The aim of present work is monitoring thermal decomposition tested samples depending on distance of ignition source, subsequent generation of flame and flameless combustion. Tested samples are used to produce biofuel in form of pellets, which can be made of spruce wood (Picea excelsa, L.) and beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) and have a direct effect on the properties of these pellets. Measurements are carried out according to standard STN ISO 871:2010 Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace. External ignition source (electrically heated spiral of the wire canthal) is used to analyze different conditions of test samples. Distance between external ignition source and tested samples is 10, 50 and 90 mm. The experiments are performed at an air flow rate 38, 25, 12,5 and 0 mm.s-1. The results show the rate of loss of weight and the flow rates of the material of the test samples at the different test conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of qualitative characteristics of soybean and rapeseed oil by infrared spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
A. R. Hlukhaniuk ◽  
◽  
O. S. Ivashchuk ◽  
S. V. Khomyak ◽  
R. A. Chyzhovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Stationary Layer ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article presents results of the study of soybean and rapeseed vegetable oils’ qualitative composition dependence on the degree of raw materials grinding obtained by extraction in a stationary layer in a Soxhlet apparatus using methylene chloride as a solvent. A number of experiments were performed to determine the optical properties of oil by infrared spectroscopy. The absorption spectra for different oil samples are present in the article. The obtained results were compared with previous refractometric and UV-Vis spectroscopy studies.

Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Volatile Phenols in Matured Distilled Alcoholic Beverages

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Matti Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Volatile Phenols ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Volatile phenols in matured spirits were determined by gas-liquid chromatography as their 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives. Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, guaiacol, p-ethylphenol, p-ethylguaiacol, eugenol, and p-(n-propyl)guaiacol, which occurs only in dark rum, were studied at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 ppm depending on the phenol and the beverage. Scotch, Spanish, and Japanese whiskies, unlike other whiskies examined, contained o-, m-, and p-cresols. Cresols occur in whiskies as a consequence of the raw materials used, in particular peated malt. The level of p-ethylguaiacol is usually somewhat higher in cognac and other brandies than in whiskies. Dark rums differ from the other spirits examined in containing p-(n-propyl)guaiacol, and, typically, higher levels of p-ethylphenol, p-ethylguaiacol, and eugenol. These phenols also occur in higher quantities in some white rums than in whiskies and brandies. Two discriminant functions were obtained by discriminant analysis, which did not, however, allow the spirits to be classified adequately into their respective groups. By using these functions, 82% of the whiskies, 57% of the brandies, and 50% of the rums were correctly grouped.

FTIR spectroscopy for determination of the raw materials used in wood pellet production

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 123017
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Vittorio Maceratesi ◽  
Elena Leoni ◽  
Pierluigi Stipa ◽  
Emiliano Laudadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Materials Used

AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AND PROBLEMS OF THE TAXATION OF SMALL BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kaledin ◽  
Ekaterina Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Materials Used

Development of small business in the USA can be connected with a number of the reasons among which it is possible to call as the features of historical character connected with emergence and development of the United States and the reasons of tax character. So, in each state privileges on taxes which allow to organize in the best way by use of tax planning business can be established. It is represented that the institutionalism is indissoluble with the taxation as in the taxation there are institutes, customs, for example, regarding check of conscientiousness of the taxpayer, use of the special tax treatments and the habits, so at many businessmen and the companies became a habit earlier to pay taxes, to form an overpayment on taxes for the purpose of decrease in risks of additional accrual of penalties, others opposite, created a habit of a conclusion of the capitals abroad to low-tax territories for the purpose of decrease in the tax load. One of the topical problems is the problem of choosing the optimal structure of capital, i.e. determination of the ratio of own and long-term borrowed funds. Production reserves in the Russian accounting system are either goods purchased for later sale, or raw materials used for production. For a financial manager, stocks are immobilized funds, i.e. funds withdrawn from circulation. Without such an immobilization is indispensable, however, indirect losses should be minimized. To minimize the costs of maintaining current stocks at the proper level, the approach based on the concept of the optimal order (delivery) order is used. In the theory of inventory management, special models have been developed to determine the volume of one order lot and the frequency of orders.

scholarly journals A Validated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Zofenopril Calcium and Hydrochlorothiazide in the Presence of the Hydrochlorothiazide Impurities: Chlorothiazide and Salamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh R Rezk ◽  
Ahmed S Fayed ◽  
Hoda M Marzouk ◽  
Samah S Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hptlc Method

Abstract The chromatographic analysis of either process-related impurities or degradation products is very important in the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, a simple, selective, and sensitive HPTLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of zofenopril calcium (ZOF) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in the presence of the HCT impurities: A) chlorothiazide (CT) and B) salamide, in raw materials and in pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was carried out on HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 using ethyl acetate–glacial acetic acid–triethylamine (10 + 0.1 + 0.1, v/v/v) as a developing system. The separated bands were scanned densitometrically at 270 nm. Polynomial equations were used for the regression. Calibration curves were constructed for ZOF, HCT, CT, and salamide in the ranges of 0.5–10, 0.2–4, 0.05–1.4, and 0.05–1.0 μg/band, respectively. Different parameters affecting the suggested method, including developing systems of varying composition/ratios and different detection wavelengths, were studied to achieve the best resolution and precision with good sensitivity. System suitability parameters were also tested. The proposed method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and was successfully applied for the quantification of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical formulation, with no interference from excipients observed. The results obtained by the developed HPTLC method were compared statistically with those obtained by the reported HPLC method using Student’s t and F ratio tests, and no significant difference was obtained, indicating the ability of the proposed method to be used for routine analysis of drug product.

scholarly journals Comparison of Methodologies for Acid Buffering Capacity Determination—Empirical Verification of Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Patryk Król ◽  
Piotr Borysiuk ◽  
Mariusz Mamiński
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bond Line ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Acid Buffering ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Origins

Raw materials used in particleboard production may have different chemical properties as they have different origins, nature, and storage histories. One of the most important factors is the acidity of the wood which affects the process of bond line formation. Thus, determination of the acid buffering capacity (ABC) of a raw material helps to adjust the optimal amount of hardener in the adhesive. In the present study, three methods for pH-metric ABC determination in the presence of lignocellulosic material were compared. Models that correlate the hardener amount with the internal bonding of particleboards were built from the ABC results. The approach was tested on three materials of different acidity—pine, oak, and ammonia-treated oak. The developed models allowed the prediction of the optimal amount of hardener for the maximized internal bond of the boards. The experimental verification of the models showed a high convergence of the calculated and empirical results.

Determination of zinc in cassava based polymeric materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110138
Author(s):  
Rada-Mendoza Maite ◽  
Chito-Trujillo Diana ◽  
Hoyos-Saavedra Olga Lucía ◽  
Arciniegas-Herrera Jose Luis ◽  
Molano-Tobar Nancy Janneth
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Flexible Films ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Materials Used

The current trends in biodegradable food packaging include the use of materials such as biopolymers which should be free of toxic metals to ensure their quality and use in multiple applications. However, these samples can contain zinc given its presence in the materials used to make them. In this study, a method to determine the concentration of zinc (Zn) in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films samples based on Cassava and in their raw materials (flour, starch and fique) using flame-atomic absorption spectroscopy is described. Prior, an acid digestion with nitric acid under reflux was required. The method was standardized by means of the evaluation of statistical parameters. The method was sufficiently lineal ( R2 = 0.999) in a working range from 0.1 to 1.0 mg Zn/L with detection and quantification limits of 0.03 and 0.82 mg/L, respectively. The method was found to be precise and accurate, and could therefore be used to measure Zn content at levels well below safe limits.The precision of the method was evaluated using intermediate precision and repeatability which showed coefficients of variation less than 6.7% and 4.7%, respectively. The percentages of recovery ranged from 96.5% to 98.2%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Zn in the studied biopolymers samples and the results obtained support the method’s suitability for determining the presence of the metal. Zinc concentrations in thermoformed, flexible films and flour were below 2.36, 2.14 and 2.01 mg/L, respectively, indicating that these polymers could be used for food containers.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI PRODUK SPRING BED PADA PT. MASSINDO SINAR PRATAMA

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Joseph Taroreh ◽  
Jantje J. Tinangon ◽  
Inggriani Elim
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Direct Materials ◽  
Descriptive Method

Determination of the cost of production is an important problem in a manufacturing company where the activity is to process the raw materials into finished materials subsequently sold to consumers for a profit. Cost of production is the cost of production which has applied to all finished products are being manufactured during a certain period. This study aims to determine the calculation of the cost of production at PT. Massindo Sinar Pratama. Analyses were performed using the descriptive method in qualitative to be a method to collect data, compiled, interpreted, and analyzed so as to provide an overview of the state of the subject and the object under study is based on facts. From these results it can be seen in the production process of spring, charging based on the type and size of production resulting in a period of one month. With the charge of direct materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs. Direct materials used include; Foam, Cloth spring, Spriral iron, wood, and plastic legs. The imposition of direct labor costs based on rates of production units produced. Imposition of factory overhead costs to products based on the overhead costs are determined upfront.

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