Hilly Land

Fit for War ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Craft Production ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Topological Relationships ◽  
Units Of Analysis

This chapter provides a tour of the Nation Ford locality, which was the seat of the Catawba Nation in the mid-eighteenth century. The floral, faunal, geological, and infrastructural aspects of the landscape significant to the Catawba Nation’s subsistence economy and town organization are highlighted. Information from archival maps, topological relationships, and datable artifacts together are presented to argue that two archaeological sites, 38Yk434 and 38Yk17, are likely the physical remains of the Catawba towns Nassaw-Weyapee and Charraw Town, respectively. Intrasite spatial analysis is conducted using sub-surface evidence of architecture, along with artifactual evidence of activity patterns, to define the units of analysis that will be used to examine the organization of Catawba craft production (chapter 6) and foodways activities (chapter 7).

Art and Archaeology

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Nigel Spivey
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Attractive Feature ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Islamic School ◽  
The People ◽  
Annales School ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Of Greece

The front cover of John Bintliff's Complete Archaeology of Greece is interesting. There is the Parthenon: as most of its sculptures have gone, the aspect is post-Elgin. But it stands amid an assortment of post-classical buildings: one can see a small mosque within the cella, a large barrack-like building between the temple and the Erechtheum, and in the foreground an assortment of stone-built houses – so this probably pre-dates Greek independence and certainly pre-dates the nineteenth-century ‘cleansing’ of all Byzantine, Frankish, and Ottoman remains from the Athenian Akropolis (in fact the view, from Dodwell, is dated 1820). For the author, it is a poignant image. He is, overtly (or ‘passionately’ in today's parlance), a philhellene, but his Greece is not chauvinistically selective. He mourns the current neglect of an eighteenth-century Islamic school by the Tower of the Winds; and he gives two of his colour plates over to illustrations of Byzantine and Byzantine-Frankish ceramics. Anyone familiar with Bintliff's Boeotia project will recognize here an ideological commitment to the ‘Annales school’ of history, and a certain (rather wistful) respect for a subsistence economy that unites the inhabitants of Greece across many centuries. ‘Beyond the Akropolis’ was the war-cry of the landscape archaeologists whose investigations of long-term patterns of settlement and land use reclaimed ‘the people without history’ – and who sought to reform our fetish for the obvious glories of the classical past. This book is not so militant: there is due consideration of the meaning of the Parthenon Frieze, of the contents of the shaft graves at Mycenae, and suchlike. Its tone verges on the conversational (an attractive feature of the layout is the recurrent sub-heading ‘A Personal View’); nonetheless, it carries the authority and clarity of a textbook – a considerable achievement.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of congenital syphilis in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, between 2008 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhyanine Morais de Lima Raimundo ◽  
George Jó Bezerra Sousa ◽  
Ana Beatriz Pereira da Silva ◽  
Romanniny Hévillyn Silva Costa Almino ◽  
Nanete Carolina da Costa Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Empirical Bayesian Method

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of congenital syphilis cases in a state in northeastern Brazil. Method: This is an ecological study, with secondary data for the period from 2008 to 2018, taking as a sample the notified cases of congenital syphilis in Rio Grande do Norte. In the data analysis, the eight health regions of the state were used as units of analysis, and the local and global Moran’s I was performed, with subsequent smoothing through the local empirical Bayesian method, which resulted in thematic maps. Results: The results showed an increase in cases of congenital syphilis in the 3rd and 7thhealth regions. In terms of spatial analysis, this investigation showed clusters in the 3rd, 5th, and 7thhealth regions, with an increased risk for congenital syphilis of up to 2.65 times and with an incidence rate of 7.91 cases per 1,000 live births. Conclusion: The spatial analysis of congenital syphilis cases allowed observing a high incidence in some health regions, with averages above those calculated for the entire state, indicating the need to implement effective strategies to achieve its control.

scholarly journals Crossbows and imperial craft organisation: the bronze triggers of China's Terracotta Army

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (339) ◽  
pp. 126-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuzhen Janice Li ◽  
Andrew Bevan ◽  
Marcos Martinón-Torres ◽  
Thilo Rehren ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Craft Production ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Trigger Mechanisms ◽  
Qin Shihuang

The Terracotta Army that protected the tomb of the Chinese emperor Qin Shihuang offers an evocative image of the power and organisation of the Qin armies who unified China through conquest in the third century BC. It also provides evidence for the craft production and administrative control that underpinned the Qin state. Bronze trigger mechanisms are all that remain of crossbows that once equipped certain kinds of warrior in the Terracotta Army. A metrical and spatial analysis of these triggers reveals that they were produced in batches and that these separate batches were thereafter possibly stored in an arsenal, but eventually were transported to the mausoleum to equip groups of terracotta crossbowmen in individual sectors of Pit 1. The trigger evidence for large-scale and highly organised production parallels that also documented for the manufacture of the bronze-tipped arrows and proposed for the terracotta figures themselves.

Crafting Culture at Fort St. Joseph

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Brock A. Giordano ◽  
Michael S. Nassaney
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Native American ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Craft Production ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Western Great Lakes ◽  
Colonial Frontier

The study of craft production in the context of Native American–European interactions during the eighteenth century in the western Great Lakes region has emerged as a topic of scholarly interest. An analysis of tinkling cone production both demonstrates how European raw materials were being transformed into new forms and reveals how labor was organized. By examining the technological histories of tinkling cones, this chapter illustrates that their production was conducted in independent workshops as an opportunistic activity that fit the demands of life on the colonial frontier at Fort St. Joseph.

scholarly journals Deep Neural Networks and Kernel Density Estimation for Detecting Human Activity Patterns from Geo-Tagged Images: A Case Study of Birdwatching on Flickr

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caglar Koylu ◽  
Chang Zhao ◽  
Wei Shao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Human Activity Patterns ◽  
Vision Algorithm

Thanks to recent advances in high-performance computing and deep learning, computer vision algorithms coupled with spatial analysis methods provide a unique opportunity for extracting human activity patterns from geo-tagged social media images. However, there are only a handful of studies that evaluate the utility of computer vision algorithms for studying large-scale human activity patterns. In this article, we introduce an analytical framework that integrates a computer vision algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) with kernel density estimation to identify objects, and infer human activity patterns from geo-tagged photographs. To demonstrate our framework, we identify bird images to infer birdwatching activity from approximately 20 million publicly shared images on Flickr, across a three-year period from December 2013 to December 2016. In order to assess the accuracy of object detection, we compared results from the computer vision algorithm to concept-based image retrieval, which is based on keyword search on image metadata such as textual description, tags, and titles of images. We then compared patterns in birding activity generated using Flickr bird photographs with patterns identified using eBird data—an online citizen science bird observation application. The results of our eBird comparison highlight the potential differences and biases in casual and serious birdwatching, and similarities and differences among behaviors of social media and citizen science users. Our analysis results provide valuable insights into assessing the credibility and utility of geo-tagged photographs in studying human activity patterns through object detection and spatial analysis.

MAIZE PREPARATION AND THE AZTEC SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Biskowski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Specialized System

The study of changes in the social organization of maize preparation provides an important opportunity to examine the integration of households into larger systems of social and economic relationships. Spatial analysis of the distribution of manos and metates at Otumba demonstrates a change in maize production from individual, household based to a more specialized system. It is hypothesized that scarcity of firewood for cooking was a causal factor for this change, but more evidence is needed to test this idea.

The attractiveness of archaeological sites in Greece: a spatial analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serafeim Polyzos ◽  
Garyfallos Arabatzis ◽  
Stavros Tsiantikoudis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites

scholarly journals Ambient Population and Larceny-Theft: A Spatial Analysis Using Mobile Phone Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Li He ◽  
Antonio Páez ◽  
Jianmin Jiao ◽  
Ping An ◽  
Chuntian Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Ambient Population

In the spatial analysis of crime, the residential population has been a conventional measure of the population at risk. Recent studies suggest that the ambient population is a useful alternative measure of the population at risk that can better capture the activity patterns of a population. However, current studies are limited by the availability of high precision demographic characteristics, such as social activities and the origins of residents. In this research, we use spatially referenced mobile phone data to measure the size and activity patterns of various types of ambient population, and further investigate the link between urban larceny-theft and population with multiple demographic and activity characteristics. A series of crime attractors, generators, and detractors are also considered in the analysis to account for the spatial variation of crime opportunities. The major findings based on a negative binomial model are three-fold. (1) The size of the non-local population and people’s social regularity calculated from mobile phone big data significantly correlate with the spatial variation of larceny-theft. (2) Crime attractors, generators, and detractors, measured by five types of Points of Interest (POIs), significantly depict the criminality of places and impact opportunities for crime. (3) Higher levels of nighttime light are associated with increased levels of larceny-theft. The results have practical implications for linking the ambient population to crime, and the insights are informative for several theories of crime and crime prevention efforts.

Wealth, Space, and Status in a Historic Indian Cemetery

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Mainfort
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Native American ◽  
Spatial Analysis

Data from a mid-eighteenth century Native American cemetery (the Fletcher Site) are used in conjunction with ethnohistoric documents to draw sociological conclusions about the society represented at the site. Methodological tools employed toward this end include the calculation of the actual wealth represented in the graves, as well as a spatial analysis of the cemetery. It is demonstrated that the cemetery was the product of an incipiently ranked society.

scholarly journals Helmolds von Bosaupons longissimus. Archaologische Unterwasserausgrabungen bei den Briickenanlagen neben der slawischen und frühdeutschen Burg Olsborg im Grossen Ploner See (Norddeutschland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Gerard Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Bridge Reconstruction ◽  
North Germany

The article is aimed at presentation of results of archaeological underwater excavations of remains of the early Medieval bridge on the stronghold island Oslborg. There are vestiges of the Slavic and early German stronghold on the Grosser Plòner Lake island near Plon in north Germany. This stronghold has been repeatedly mentioned by Adam of Bremen and Helmold of Bosau - the 11th and 12th century annalists. Underwater excavations, undertaken in two study zones of 75 square meters in total, resulted in discovery of the bridge remains which revealed themselves in the form of 228 posts being elements of its bearing construction placed on the lake bottom. Dendrochronological analysis of 79 posts indicates that the bridge was constructed in 975 AD and it was rebuilt many times afterwards. Trees for subsequent reconstructions were cut down in the years 994, 995, 1005, 1008, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1025 and for the last time in 1096 AD. The excavations revealed also an assemblage of Slavic and early German pottery as well as 56 artefacts including 14 spearheads and 6 axes. These military accessories can possibly be linked with the 1075, 1128 or 1139 war, mentioned by Helmold of Bosau.Bleile R. 1999 Vorbericht zu unterwasserarchàologischen Untersuchungen an einer Slawischen Briickenanlage im PlauerSee bei Quetzin, Landkreis Parchim (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), „Nachrichtenblatt Arbeitskreis Unterwasserarchaologie” Bd. 5, S. 32-35.Bleile R. 2003 Briicken unter Wasser. Neue Ergebnisse zu slawischen Briicken und Bohlenwegen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, „Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Archàologie des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit” 14, S. 80-84.Freytag H.J. 1985 Die Lage der slawischen und friihen deutschen Burg Plon, „Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Schleswig-holsteinische Geschichte” Bd. 10, S. 27-52.Hucke K. 1952 Wo lag die wendische Burg Plune?, „Die Heimat” Bd. 59, S. 136—139.Kempke T. 1992 Slawen in Ostholstein. Ausgrabungen in Bosau am Ploner See, (in:) Der Vergangenheit auf der Spur. Archàologische Siedlungsforschung in Schleswig-Holstein, Hrsg. M. Miiller-Wille und D. Hoffmann, S. 141-162.Kempke T. 1998 Archàologische Beitràge zur Grenze zwischen Sachsen und Slawen im 8.-9. Jahrhundert, (in:) Studien zur Archàologie des Ostsseeraumes. Von der Eisenzeit zum Mittelalter (Festschrift Michael Miiller-Wille), Hrsg. A. Wesse, Neumiinster, S. 373-382.Mittelstàdt U. 1976 Die Entwicklung der Stadi Plon bis zum Ausgang des Mittelalters, „Jahrbuch tur Heimatkunde im Kreis Plòn-Holstein” Jg. 7, S. 5-34.Kiefmann H.M. 1978 Historisch-geographische Untersuchungen zur alteren Kulturlandschafts-entwicklung, (in:) Bosau. Untersuchung einer Siedlungskammer in Ostholstein unter Leitung von Hermann Hinz, „Offa-Biicher” Bd. 38.Kola A., Wilke G. 2000 Briicken vor 1000 Jahren. Unterwasserarchaologie bei der polnischen Herrscherpfalz Ostrów Lednicki, Toruń.Krambeck H.J. 1979 A numercial-topographical model of Lake Grofier Plòner See and its application to the calculation of Seiches, „Archiv Hydrobiological” Bd. 87-3, S. 262-273.Wilke G. 1985 Most wczesnośredniowieczny z Bobęcina kolo Miastka. Wstępne wyniki archeologicznych badań podwodnych i analiz dendrochronologicznych jego reliktów [Sum.: The early mediewal ages bridge of Bobącin near Miastko. Preliminary results of archaeological underwater investigations and dendrochronological analyses of its remains], „Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici”, Archeologia 11, Archeologia Podwodna 2, S. 3-26.Wilke G. 1995 Lokalizacja stanowisk archeologicznych pod lustrem wody na przykładzie Jeziora Płońskiego Wielkiego (Grosser Ploner See) w północno-zachodnich Niemczech [Sum.: Location of archaeological sites under water - level on the example of Płońskie Wielkie Lake (Grosser Ploner See) in North Germany], (in:) Archeologia podwodna jezior Niżu Polskiego, Hrsg. A. Kola, Toruń, S. 71-90.Wilke G. 1998 Archàologie unter Wasser. Untersuchungen der slawischen Briicken in Lednica-See bei der Insel Ostrów Lednicki (Polen), (in:) Studien zur Archàologie des Ostseeraumes. Von der Eisenzeit zum Mittelalter (Festschrift Michael Müller-Wille), Hrsg. A. Wesse, Neumünster, S. 195-203.Wilke G. 2000a Analiza chronologiczno-przestrzenna struktur palowych i próba rekonstrukcji mostu [Sum.: Chronological - spatial analysis of pile structures and an attempt of bridge reconstruction], (in:) Wczesnośredniowieczne mosty przy Ostrowie Lednickim, t. 1 : Mosty traktu gnieźnieńskiego, Hrsg. Z. Kurnatowska, Lednica-Toruń, S. 57-71.Wilke G. 2000b Briicken und Brückenbau im óstlichen Mitteleuropa um 1000, (in:) Europas Mitte um 1000. Beitrage zur Geschichte, Kunst und Archàologie, Hrsg. A. Wieczorek, H.M. Hinz, Handbuch zur Ausstellung, Stuttgart, S. 142-145.

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