scholarly journals Quantificação de açúcares totais e auxina no desenvolvimento inicial de mini-toletes de cana-de-açúcar

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Bruno Teixeira de Sousa ◽  
Valdir Zucareli ◽  
Andréia Paula Carneiro Martins
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Endogenous Auxin ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Reserve Carbohydrate ◽  
Base Data ◽  
Apical Section

Reserve carbohydrate and auxinspresent in the stalk are involved in the development of sugarcane plant. Thus, this study aimed to quantify total sugarsand auxin of type indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in the initial development of stalks and sugarcane buds, as a function of diameter and position in the stalk. The experiment was conducted in a 3x3 factorial scheme (diameter x stalk section), with four replicates. Eleven-month-old plants stalks were classified into three diameters (fine < 2 cm; medium 2-3 cm; thick > 3 cm) and divided into three sections (apex, middle and base). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and when significant the means were compared by the Tukey (p≤0.05). The diameter factor resulted in greater interference in the content of the biochemical variables evaluated (sugars and auxin), in comparation to stalk section. Biometric variables (length and dry mass of shoot and roots, budding and budding speed index), in general, were mostly affected by stalk section factor. The diameter factor interfered in the content of endogenous auxin in the stalk and buds. Root growth was related to endogenous auxin concentration and the highest sprouting percentage was obtained from the apical section of the talk due to the availability of reducing sugars content.The use of mini-stalks for the propagation of sugarcane proved feasible.Keyword:apical dominance;plant hormone; propagation;Saccharum spp.

scholarly journals EXCESSO DE FERRO SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kassio Ewerton Santos Sombra ◽  
Andreza Cristina Chagas de Oliveira ◽  
Ronyce Do Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Caique Costa e Silva ◽  
Cleilson Do Nascimento Uchôa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do excesso de ferro sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de genótipos de porta-enxertos cítricos. Adotou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), em fatorial 5x2, com cinco porta-enxertos e dois substratos, repetidos quatro vezes, com parcela útil de 15 recipientes. Os genótipos consistiram do limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’; citrandarins ‘Riverside’, ‘San Diego’ e ‘Índio’, além de, tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, cultivados com ou sem óxido de ferro no substrato. Analisaram-se as porcentagens de emergência (PE) e calculou-se o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Realizaram-se biometrias aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a semeadura (DAS), mensurando-se a altura (H) e diâmetro de caule (D) das plântulas, determinando-se massa fresca (MV) e seca (MS). O excesso de ferro induziu subdesenvolvimento, e até mortalidade de plântulas já emergidas, o que refletiu diretamente nos resultados, porém, todos os genótipos apresentaram emergência superior a 75%, destacando-se o citrandarin ‘San Diego’, com maior altura e caule mais espesso, e o citrandarin ‘Riverside’ com maior sensibilidade ao estresse, registrando os menores valores. O citrandarin ’San Diego’ demonstrou tolerância o estresse e desenvolveu-se satisfatoriamente, necessitando estudos que avaliem a manutenção das características inferidas em combinação com a cultivar copa.Palavras-chave: ambiente protegido, citricultura, enxertia, estresse, mudas. EXCESS OF IRON ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was evaluated the effects of iron excess on the emergence and initial development of citrus rootstock genotypes. A randomized complete block design (DBC), factorial 5x2, with five rootstocks and two substrates, repeated four times, with useful plot of 15 containers was adopted. Genotypes consisted of the 'Santa Cruz' Rangpur lemon; 'Riverside', 'San Diego' and 'Indio' citrandarins, as well as 'Sunki Tropical' tangerine, grown with or without iron excess in substrate. The percentages of emergency (PE) were analyzed and the rate of emergency (IVE) was calculated. Biometry was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), by measuring the height (H) and stem diameter (D) of the seedlings, determining fresh (MV) and dry mass (DM). The excess of iron induced underdevelopment, and even mortality of already emerged seedlings, which reflected directly in the results, however, all genotypes presented an emergency higher to 75%, standing out ’San Diego’ citrandarin, with greater height and more stem thick, and the ‘Riverside’ citrandarin with greater sensitivity to stress, registering the lowest values. 'San Diego’ citrandarin demonstrated stress tolerance and developed satisfactorily, requiring studies that evaluate maintenance of inferred characteristics in combination with cultivar canopy.Keywords: protected environment, citriculture, grafting, stress, seedlings.

scholarly journals Decomposed babassu biomass residue enhances the initial development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2021 ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
Hosana Aguiar Freitas de Andrade ◽  
Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva- Matos ◽  
Nitalo André Farias Machado ◽  
Analya Roberta Fernandes Oliveira ◽  
Valdryckson Costa Garreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Response Capacity

Cassava is a tuber of significant cultural and economic importance for family farming. However, cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil is characterized by low productivity, resulting from cultivation in naturally marginal soil, which can cause food insecurity to farmers in the region. The objective was to evaluate the initial development of cassava using substrates derived from decomposed residue from babassu biomass, as a supplement to the soils with low natural fertility. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six inclusion levels of babassu biomass (BB) in the substrates: S0, 100% soil; S20, 20% BB + 80% soil; S40, 40% BB + 60% soil; S60, 60% BB + 40% soil; S80, 80% BB + 20% soil; and S100, 100% BB. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The soil used in the experiment is classified as dystrophic Yellow Oxisol. At the end of the experiment, the following were evaluated: percentage of cuttings survival, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root volume, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. With the exception of the sprout diameter, the inclusion of BB in the substrates provided a significant positive effect for all analyzed variables, which demonstrates the early response capacity of cassava seedlings to the use of organic waste associated with the soil low fertility. The use of babassu biomass as an organic fertilizer improves soil fertility, stimulating the growth and development of cassava seedlings in a sustainable production system

scholarly journals Intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1072-1080
Author(s):  
Charles Barbosa Santos ◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Alessandro Guerra da Silva ◽  
Victor Costa e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Intercropping systems have become an interesting alternative for grain and forage production because they are sustainable systems that reduce carbon emissions in degraded pasture areas. However, few studies have used forage species recently introduced into the market, and more studies that assess the performances of these species in integrated systems are needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of intercropped sorghum and Paiaguas palisadegrass (including the species name) in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery. The field experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the following forage systems: monocropping of sorghum, monocropping of Paiaguas palisadegrass, row intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass, interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass and intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass. To obtain a desired population of 240,000 plants ha-1, 12 seeds of sorghum and 5 kg of viable pure seeds of the forage species were planted per meter and hectare, respectively. The growth of Paiaguas palisadegrass in the same row as sorghum reduced the sorghum grain yield. The intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass hindered the initial development of Paiaguas palisadegrass in terms of plant height and number of tillers due to shading, and this effect was reflected in the dry mass production. Row and interrow intercropping provided higher dry mass production without affecting the forage quality. Therefore, the interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass was found to be a promising agricultural technique for grain and forage production that could be used for the establishment of new pastures or pasture recovery.

CONTROL OF CELLULASE ACTIVITY BY INDOLEACETIC ACID

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Der-Fong Fan ◽  
G. A. Maclachlan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Lateral Cell ◽  
Main Growth

Apices of etiolated decapitated Alaska pea seedlings were painted with aqueous lanolin + IAA ± various inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis. A subapical segment from the epicotyl was removed for measurements of growth and the soluble protein content and cellulase activity of enzyme extracts.During the first 18 hours, the main growth response to IAA was an increase in segment diameter; elongation was inhibited. The amount of extractable cellulase activity per segment and the diameter increased at exactly the same rates relative to controls. In the next 2 days IAA induced rapid cell division and the formation of root primordia. Cellulase activity per segment, per unit fresh weight, and per unit soluble protein all increased markedly to levels many times higher than in controls. Chloramphenicol, azaguanine, puromycin, and actinomycin D all interfered with protein synthesis, the growth responses, and the development of cellulase activity. In the absence of IAA, cellulase activity decreased.It is concluded that cellulase is subject to turnover in this tissue and that the rate of its synthesis is controlled by auxin concentration. It is proposed that cellulase action on microfibrils in vivo plays an essential role in a variety of growth processes, particularly lateral cell expansion.

scholarly journals Magnesium Sources and Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the Initial Development of Maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Roberto Cecatto Júnior ◽  
Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽  
Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽  
Anderson Daniel Suss ◽  
Adriano Mitio Inigaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control

The aim was to evaluate the initial development of maize plants when submitted to mineral fertilization with magnesium sources in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. To do so, was conducted an experiment in greenhouse. In the essay was adopted a randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme 3 &times; 2, represented by the magnesium sources: magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and control without Mg fertilization, in the presence or absence of inoculation with A. brasilense. The Mg sources were supplied with a dose of 30 kg ha-1, being homogenized in the substrate before sowing the crop. The analysis were carried out in the V4 stage, evaluating: basal stem diameter (BSD); relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem + sheath blade dry mass (SSDM) and root dry mass (RDM). No differences were observed for the factors interaction and for the Mg sources. When considered the seed inoculation there was increases of 7.1%; 6.61%; 19.23%; 28.32%; and 15.17 %, for basal stem diameter, SPAD index, leaf dry mass, stem + sheath blade dry mass and roots, respectively. The inoculation of maize seeds with A. brasilense increases the initial development of maize plants and the SPAD index in greenhouse conditions in the V4, while the fertilization with the magnesium sources do not interfere in the maize development.

scholarly journals Development of Moringa OleiferaLAM. seedlings in different substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 09-15
Author(s):  
Neisiany Rebelo Pimentel ◽  
Daniela Pauletto ◽  
Àdria Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Thiago Gomes da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Orlanilson da Silva Brito
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arid Soils ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Base Substrate

Moringa oleiferaLam., known as moringa, is an arboreal plant belonging to the Moringaceae family, native to India,and has a high capacity to adapt to climatic conditions and arid soils. In this study we evaluated the initial development of seedlings of M. oleiferaLam. under different substrates conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of eight treatments resulting from combinations of the base substrate (85% soil, 3% carbonized rice straw and 12% coconut fiber). At 60 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of the aerial part and root system, total dry mass were evaluated, in addition to the Dickson quality index (IQD). The best seedling growth occurred using the combination of 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure. Seedlings produced with substrates formulated with 20% poultry litter and 10% bovine manure showed gains in the evaluated variables, which could be a viable alternative for the production of moringa seedlings.

scholarly journals Initial development of upland rice plants inoculated with the MAY12 strain of Azospirillum spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marivaine da Silva Brasil ◽  
Mayara Silva Torres de Souza ◽  
Salomão Lima Guimarães ◽  
Sergio Luiz Koswoski Junior ◽  
Matheus Wimkler Alvarenga Batistela
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Absolute Control

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the inoculation of the strain Azospirillum MAY12 to the development of rice plants of the cultivar BRS Esmeralda. A completely randomized experiment was performed in a greenhouse, with 8 treatments and 6 repetitions, namely, commercial inoculant (CI) containing strains of Azospirillum brasilense ABV5 and ABV6 (T1), MAY12 (T2), nitrogen control with 50 mg of N or full dose (T3), CI + 30% of N (percentage referring to full dose) (T4), CI + 60% N (T5), MAY12 + 30% N (T6), MAY12 + 60% N (T7) and absolute control (T8). There was a significant increase in the fresh and dry mass of the shoot and roots, height, root volume, and the number of tillers and leaves of plants with the MAY12 inoculation (with and without N added) compared to T8. Treatments containing MAY12 + N increased the total dry mass by ~920% compared to T8, matching the T3 yield. The inoculation of MAY12 in isolation was as efficient as the application of the full dose of N, resulting in an increase of ~115% in height and 373% in root volume of the plants compared to T8. The MAY12 strain demonstrated good performance in the development of the cultivar, which was comparable to the CI in the variables tested. Therefore, inoculation with the MAY12 strain is promising for the partial reduction of nitrogen fertilizers in upland rice cultivation.

scholarly journals Growth, nutrient accumulation and export by heliconia ‘Red Opal’

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Ana Cecilia Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Tiago Freitas Silva ◽  
Elane Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Thaís Da Silva Martins
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Plant Sampling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Synchronizing the timing of fertilizer applications with plant nutrient demand increases the nutritional efficiency and decrease the cost of production. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and the nutrient uptake and export by heliconia ‘Red Opal’. The experiment was carried out in a shade house and Heliconia psittacorum ‘Red Opal’ rhizomes were planted in soil classified as Arenic Kandinstults. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine plant sampling (zero; 30; 90; 150; 210; 270; 330; 390 and 450 days after planting) and five replicates. Leaves, sheathing leaf bases, flower stem, rhizomes and roots were collected every sampling and dry mass and nutrients accumulation were determined. Heliconia plants showed slow initial development but from the 210 days of planting, which corresponds with the beginning of the flower stem harvest there is a marked increase in dry mass accumulation. Nutrient accumulation followed the decreasing order: K > N = Ca > P = Mg > S > Fe = Mn > Zn > Cu = B. Potassium and calcium were the most exported macronutrients by heliconia flower stem and among the micronutrients, manganese was the most exported.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) Extract on Corn Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Bruna de Villa ◽  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Plant Evaluation ◽  
Different Parts

The crambe crop is an interesting option for the production of biodiesel, mainly due to the high oil content (35%) and the corn one of the most implanted crops in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of crambe in the initial development of maize. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of seed and plant evaluation (LASP) and laboratory of soil physics (LAFIS) of UNIOESTE-Cascavel. The seeds of corn with germination of 93.5% were submitted to four concentrations plus the control in the different parts of the crambe plant, where the growth and mass of corn were valued. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates per treatment. The statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance and the means of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The extract of the whole crambe plant stimulated aerial length, root length, fresh and dry mass of corn shoot. Root, stem and leaf extracts inhibited the initial development of maize in relation to growth and fresh and dry shoot mass.

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