Exploring the Sociology of Agriculture: Family Farmers in Norway - Future or Past Food Producers?

A universalização do abastecimento de água no Brasil ainda é um desafio que se busca suplantar, sobretudo em relação ao atendimento a populações rurais difusas, onde os sistemas convencionais não respondem às demandas das famílias de agricultores dispersas. Nesse contexto, as nascentes de água podem contribuir como solução alternativa para o abastecimento doméstico, por se encontrarem próximas ao consumo e sob o controle do usuário Isto é evidenciado no estudo das nascentes situadas no Assentamento Serra Grande, no município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Foram identificadas, cadastradas e selecionadas nascentes perenes, para caracterização da qualidade e vazão das águas, objetivando avaliá-las para usos múltiplos, com prioridade ao abastecimento doméstico. Evidenciou-se que a vazão, mesmo em períodos de estiagem, possui potencial de atender às necessidades básicas dos agricultores, para beber, preparo de alimentos, banho, lavagem de utensílios e roupas e descarga em sanitários. Quanto à qualidade para uso doméstico, em geral a água atende aos limites sanitários, embora em alguns casos a presença de Escherichia coli exija recuperação da nascente e cloração cuidadosa da água. Pelos resultados, a produção de água em nascentes situadas em solos e clima predominantes na Zona da Mata do Nordeste brasileiro, permite atender às necessidades básicas de abastecimento doméstico de agricultores familiares isolados ou em pequenas vilas rurais, sendo uma alternativa aos sistemas convencionais de abastecimento, já identificada pelo governo federal em seus recentes planos de abastecimento de populações rurais difusas. Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos; gestão ambiental; desenvolvimento rural The Springs as Supply Source of Rural Diffuse Population ABSTRACTThe universalization of the water supply in Brazil is still a challenge that it seeks to be supplant, especially in relation to the service to rural diffuse population, where conventional systems do not respond to the demands of farming families dispersed. In this context, the water springs may contribute as a workaround for domestic supply, because they are close to consumption and under user control. This is evidenced in the study of springs located at Settlement Serra Grande, located in the city of Vitória de Santo Antão, Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. It has been identified, registered and selected perennial springs, to characterize the quality and water flow, aiming to evaluate them for multiple uses with priority to domestic supply. It was evident that the flow even during drought periods, has potential to meet the basic needs of farmers, for drinking, preparing meals, baths, wash utensils and clothes and flushing toilets. As for the quality for home use, generally water meets health limits although in some cases the presence of Escherichia coli, requires careful recovery of the source and chlorination of water. According to the results, the production of water in springs located in soils and climate prevailing in Zona da Mata of Brazilian northeastern, it allows to meet basic needs for domestic supply from family farmers in small villages or isolated rural villages, being an alternative to conventional supply, already identified by the federal government in their recent plans for the supply of rural diffuse population. Keywords: water resources; environmental management; rural development

The Geographical Distance between Producers and Consumers of the Organic Street Markets: The Case of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Logistics ◽

10.3390/logistics5020030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Isabela Kopperschmidt de Oliveira ◽

Leise Kelli de Oliveira ◽

Maria Rosa Amorim Faria Lisboa ◽

Ellen Caroline Nunes Madalon ◽

Luiza Fleury de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Food Supply ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Geographical Distance ◽

Food Supply Chain ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Market Location ◽

Organic Products ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Belo Horizonte

The organic street markets are considered a short food supply chain, and their importance gained new proportions since COVID-19 brought difficulties to the traditional supply chain. The organic street markets represent a place to sell the product for organic family farmers and an opportunity to obtain better quality and variety of organic products at a lower price. This work aimed to analyze the geographical distance from producers and consumers of organic street markets in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, identifying the organic street market characteristics that influence the organic consumers. The research methods used descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test, and the measurement of the geographical distance. Results allowed us to conclude the organic street markets with more producers attract more consumers and consumers willing to travel long distances. Additionally, the factors related to a street market location, product, and consumer behavior are associated. Finally, results indicated the location of organic street markets contributes to displacements by non-motorized modes. The results indicated that the organic street market characteristics can contribute to a sustainable, short, organic food supply chain in Belo Horizonte.

Building Bio-Districts or Eco-Regions: Participative Processes Supported by Focal Groups

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 511

Author(s):

Raquel S. Dias ◽

Daniela V.T.A. Costa ◽

Helena E. Correia ◽

Cristina A. Costa

Keyword(s):

Focus Groups ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Food System ◽

Social Economic ◽

Agricultural Activities ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Governance Model ◽

Environmental Component

Over the years, rural areas have faced a number of problems and difficulties, such as an increase in the average age of the population, desertification, loss of employment and the abandonment of rural and agricultural activities, which have led to the emergence of new initiatives aimed at revitalizing these territories from a social, economic and environmental perspective, such as the successful Bio-districts or Eco-regions (e.g., Bio-district of Cilento). Understanding and establishing a proper framework for each territory based on agroecology and participatory methodologies is still a challenge. In this sense, based on the analysis of two European examples—Cilento, Italy and São Pedro do Sul, Portugal—we described each of the building processes and defined a set of drivers that might constitute guiding principles to serve as a basis for the creation of Bio-districts or Eco-regions. The drivers’ matrix identified was discussed in three focus groups carried out in Portugal in 2020. Such drivers included a technical and environmental component (the quality of the environment and landscape, the food system and the implementation of organic farming and agroecological practices), a social and economic component (valorization of the farmers, products and territories and a set of different stakeholders—farmers, consumers, schools, tourism entities and restaurants, local authorities) and a political component (the governance model). Most participants agreed that the recognition of a Bio-district or Eco-region should be informal, bottom-up, with farmers as the main pillar, with a fair and representative participation, namely family farmers.

The Sociology of Agriculture in Transition: The Political Economy of Agriculture after Biotechnology

The Canadian Journal of Sociology ◽

10.29173/cjs5114 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 243-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gabriela Pechlaner

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Agricultural Biotechnology ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Patent Infringement ◽

The Political ◽

Corporate Ownership ◽

Seed Saving ◽

Traditional Agricultural Practices ◽

Sociology Of Agriculture

ABSTRACT Due to its particularities as a nature-based process, agriculture’s ‘exceptionalism’ to capitalist industrialization has garnered much debate. One of the more productive consequences of this debate has been the development of conceptual tools that account for its distinction from typical capital accumulation patterns, such as Goodman, Sorj and Wilkinson’s (1987) classic concepts of “appropriationism” and “substitutionism.” The advent of agricultural biotechnology is now testing the limits of even these more refined conceptualizations, however, as the technology’s associated proprietary framework is reorganizing many traditional agricultural practices. Drawing on empirical examples of biotechnology-induced change—e.g. restrictions on seed saving, grower contracts, and patent infringement lawsuits—this paper argues that there is a need for a new concept in political economy of agriculture theory, which I term “expropriationism.” This concept identifies several aspects of an agricultural reorganization premised on legal means to enhance capital accumulation and on separating corporate ownership from liability.

Estratégias para promoção do diálogo de saberes entre agricultores familiares e educandos sobre o bioma Pampa

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA ◽

10.36661/2358-0399.2021v12i2.11657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

Ketlin Vitoria Espinosa Sandim ◽

Stefany Areva Severo ◽

Cláudio Becker ◽

Adriana Carla Dias Trevisan

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Knowledge Exchange ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Pedagogical Content ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Pampa Biome ◽

Local Species ◽

Young Students ◽

Ecological Importance

Este estudo buscou promover a disseminação de informações entre distintos sujeitos sociais sobre a importância ecológica da paisagem nos sistemas produtivos, tendo como tema gerador o conhecimento e reconhecimento de espécies botânicas nativas pelos agricultores familiares e educandos em Sant’Ana do Livramento-RS. Foram realizadas dezesseis entrevistas com os agricultores, que, depois de sistematizadas, delimitaram as estratégias de disseminação dos conteúdos aos jovens educandos. Os resultados demonstram que os agricultores entendem a importância da conservação do Pampa para seus cultivos e criação animal, percebem e utilizam o potencial econômico das espécies em sistemas tradicionais e agroflorestais. Quanto aos jovens educandos, foi possível avaliar a importância de oportunizar novos conteúdos e novas práticas pedagógicas. Além disso, os resultados permitem a reflexão da importância de conectar a pesquisa com a extensão universitária, bem como os saberes de adultos do campo com os saberes de jovens da cidade. Conclui-se que a troca de saberes é uma estratégia de valorização e conservação do bioma Pampa. Palavras-chave: Agroecologia; Biodiversidade; Juventude; Agroflorestas Strategies for promoting knowledge dialogue between family farmers and students about the Pampa biome Abstract: This study sought to promote the dissemination of information between distinct social subjects about the ecological importance of the local flora in production systems. The generative theme is knowledge and recognition of native botanic species by family farmers and students in Santana do Livramento in the Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil). Interviews with sixteen farmers were systematized and used to align strategies to disseminate content to young students. The results show that the farmers understand the importance of conservation of the Pampa for their crops and animal husbandry, perceiving the economic potential of various local species in traditional and agroforestry systems. In terms of the young students, it was possible to evaluate the importance of offering new pedagogical content and practices. The results allow a reflection on the importance of connecting research with university extension and linking the knowledge of adult farmers with young urban students. It was concluded that knowledge exchange is an important strategy for valorizing and conserving the Pampa biome. Keywords: Agroecology; Biodiversity; Youth; Agroforests

A multicriteria model to assess tractors used in family agriculture

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162014000400012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 727-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ângelo V. dos Reis ◽

Antônio L. T. Machado ◽

Mário C. Gomes ◽

Norberto L. M. Andersson ◽

Roberto L. T. Machado

Keyword(s):

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Operational Cost ◽

City Region ◽

Cost Weight ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Purchase Cost ◽

Multicriteria Method ◽

Evaluation Stage ◽

Multicriteria Model ◽

The One

In recent years, public policy has been offering subsidized credit for machine purchase to family farmers. However, there is no methodological procedure to select a suitable tractor for these farmers' situation. In this way, we aimed to develop a selection model for smallholder farmers from Pelotas city region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Building a multicriteria model to aid decisions is divided into three main stages: structuring stage (identifying stakeholders, decisional context and model creation), evaluation stage (stakeholder preference quantification) and recommendation stage (choice selection). The Multicriteria method is able to identify and value the criteria used in tractor selection by regional family farmers. Six main evaluation areas were identified: operational cost (weight 0.20), purchase cost (weight 0.22), maintainability (weight 0.10), tractor capacity (weight 0.26), ergonomics (weight 0.14) and safety (weight 0.08). The best-rated tractor model (14.7 kW rated power) also was the one purchased by 53.3% of local families.

CULTIVATION AND ADAPTATION: AN ESSAY IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF AGRICULTURE

Sociologia Ruralis ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9523.1981.tb00300.x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 160-176

Author(s):

LOUK BOX

Keyword(s):

Sociology Of Agriculture

Identification of grain areas replaced by sugarcane and analysis of the relationship with family farming production in the state of Goiás

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162014000600023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1296-1306 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria A. Petrini ◽

Jansle V. Rocha

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Family Farming ◽

Food Acquisition ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Annual Crops ◽

Sugarcane Crop ◽

The Family ◽

Data Tables ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

The Relationship

In Brazil, the State of Goiás is one of sugarcane expansion's frontiers to meet the growing demand for biofuels. The objective of this study was to identify the municipalities where there were replacement of annual crops (mainly grains) by sugarcane in the state of Goiás, as well as indicate correlations between the sugarcane expansion and the family farming production, in the period between 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, grains crop mask and sugarcane crop mask, obtained from satellite images, were intersected using geoprocessing techniques. It was also used IBGE data of sugarcane production and planted area, and data of family farming production linked with the National Food Acquisition Program (PAA), in relation to the number of cooperatives and family farmers. The crops masks and data tables of the National Food Acquisition Program were provided by National Food Supply Agency. There were 95 municipalities that had crops replacement, totaling 281,554 hectares of grains converted to sugarcane. We highlight the municipalities of Santa Isabel, Iaciara, Maurilândia, and Itapaci, where this change represented more than half of their agricultural areas. In relation to family farming, the sugarcane expansion in the state of Goiás has not affected their activities during the period studied.

Socioeconomic Analysis of Rural Credit and Technical Assistance for Family Farmers in the Transamazonian Territory, in the Brazilian Amazon

Prime Archives in Agricultural Research ◽

10.37247/paar.1.2020.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Galdino Xavier de Paula Filho ◽

Miquéias Freitas Calvi ◽

Roberta Rowsy Amorim de Castro

Keyword(s):

Technical Assistance ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Rural Credit ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Socioeconomic Analysis

Modos de vida de agricultures familiares de montanha: um estudo de caso em São Pedro da Serra - Nova Friburgo - RJ

ILUMINURAS ◽

10.22456/1984-1191.64566 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (41) ◽

Author(s):

Maria José Carneiro ◽

Juliano Luís Palm

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Environmental Law ◽

Local Population ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Family Farming ◽

Historical Process ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Local Identities ◽

Reading Key ◽

Environmental Agencies

Neste trabalho abordaremos o modo de vida de agricultores familiares em duas localidades rurais do município de Nova Friburgo, situado na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro. O artigo foi subdividido em quatro partes. Na primeira, realizamos uma breve explanação acerca da categoria “modo de vida” que será mobilizada aqui como chave de leitura para apreender o processo histórico de conformação de uma determinada forma de agricultura familiar. Na segunda abordamos o processo histórico de ocupação agrícola da região, desde inícios do século XIX ao último quartel do século XX. Em seguida, passamos a analisar as transformações ocorridas na região a partir da década de 1980, quando a melhoria do acesso à região contribuiu para importantes transformações na vida local. Descrevemos as principais mudanças no modo de vida desta população ao longo das últimas décadas, quando se observa a afirmação de identidades locais na relação de alteridade com os “de fora”. São considerados também os impactos da implementação da legislação ambiental no conflito entre segmentos da população local e órgãos ambientalistas, Por fim, nas considerações finais, apontamos possíveis caminhos para o avanço das pesquisas e para a formulação de políticas públicas para a região.Palavras-chaves: Modo de vida. Agricultores familiares. Montanha. Rio de Janeiro.Livelihoods of mountain family farmers : a case study in São Pedro da Serra - Nova Friburgo - RJAbstractIn this paper we discuss the family farmers way of life in two villages of the municipality of Nova Friburgo, located in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro. The article is divided into four parts. At first, we conducted a brief explanation about the category "way of life" which will be deployed here as a reading key to understanding the historical process of a particular form of family farming. In the second part we approach the historical process of agricultural occupation of the region, since the beginning of the nineteenth century to the last quarter of the twentieth century. Then we analyze the changes occurred in the region from the 1980s, when improving access to the region contributed to important changes in local life. We describe the main changes in the way of life of this population over the last decades, when we observe a reinforcement of the local identities in relationship with the “outsiders”. We also take into account the environmental law implementation impacts in the conflict between the local population and environmental agencies. Finally, in concluding remarks, we pointed out possible ways to advance on researchs and public policies for the region.Keywords: Way of life. Family farmers. Mountain. Rio de Janeiro.