scholarly journals Modos de vida de agricultures familiares de montanha: um estudo de caso em São Pedro da Serra - Nova Friburgo - RJ

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Carneiro ◽  
Juliano Luís Palm
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Reading Key ◽  
Environmental Agencies

Neste trabalho abordaremos o modo de vida de agricultores familiares em duas localidades rurais do município de Nova Friburgo, situado na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro. O artigo foi subdividido em quatro partes. Na primeira, realizamos uma breve explanação acerca da categoria “modo de vida” que será mobilizada aqui como chave de leitura para apreender o processo histórico de conformação de uma determinada forma de agricultura familiar. Na segunda abordamos o processo histórico de ocupação agrícola da região, desde inícios do século XIX ao último quartel do século XX. Em seguida, passamos a analisar as transformações ocorridas na região a partir da década de 1980, quando a melhoria do acesso à região contribuiu para importantes transformações na vida local. Descrevemos as principais mudanças no modo de vida desta população ao longo das últimas décadas, quando se observa  a afirmação de identidades locais na relação de alteridade com os “de fora”. São considerados também os impactos da implementação da legislação ambiental no conflito entre segmentos da população local e órgãos ambientalistas, Por fim, nas considerações finais, apontamos possíveis caminhos para o avanço das pesquisas e para a formulação de políticas públicas para a região.Palavras-chaves: Modo de vida. Agricultores familiares. Montanha. Rio de Janeiro.Livelihoods of mountain family farmers : a case study in São Pedro da Serra - Nova Friburgo - RJAbstractIn this paper we discuss the family farmers way of life in two villages of  the municipality of Nova Friburgo, located in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro. The article is divided into four parts. At first, we conducted a brief explanation about the category "way of life" which will be deployed here as a reading key to understanding the historical process of a particular form of family farming. In the second part we approach the historical process of agricultural occupation of the region, since the beginning of the nineteenth century to the last quarter of the twentieth century. Then we analyze the changes occurred in the region from the 1980s, when improving access to the region contributed to important changes in local life. We describe the main changes in the way of life of this population over the last decades, when we observe a reinforcement  of the local identities in relationship with the “outsiders”. We also take into account  the environmental law implementation impacts in the conflict between the local population and environmental agencies. Finally, in concluding remarks, we pointed out possible ways to advance on researchs and public policies for the region.Keywords: Way of life. Family farmers. Mountain.  Rio de Janeiro.

Environmental Protection in Pancasila Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Lusia Indrastuti ◽  
Budi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Ongoing Development

Utilization of natural resources through environmental empowerment is an intention to improve public welfare through the Pancasila philosophy. The occurrence of floods that have occurred at this time both the Jabodetabek area and other regions illustrate the preservation of the environment not running well. For this reason, efforts and strategies need to be made to anticipate disasters that will occur in the future. In accordance with the foundation of the Pancasila state that has been engraved in the life of the nation and state of Indonesia, the role of the Pancasila for environmental protection needs to be put forward. This article aims to prevent the dominance of law enforcement in the field of environment but the role of the Pancasila perspective as a way of life and state ideology must be put forward. Pancasila is a guideline for maintaining and developing community welfare through a harmonious, balanced environment in order to improve the ongoing development at this time. This research uses a normative approach to library research, by conducting a study of the nation's life view of Pancasila and analyzing the applicable legal provisions, specifically in the field of environmental law. The results of this study are to put forward the Pancasila perspective approach in managing the environment in order to develop patterns of harmony, harmony and balance both in meeting physical and spiritual needs. The conclusion of this article is that environmental management has not been carried out in the perspective of the Pancasila perspective, so that the practice of Pancasila values has not been carried out consistently in developing environmental aspects.

Residential proximity to pesticide application areas in family farming, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. S218
Author(s):  
R.J. Buralli ◽  
H. Ribeiro ◽  
R.S. Leao ◽  
D.S. Silva ◽  
R.C. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Residential Proximity ◽  
Janeiro State

scholarly journals Identification of grain areas replaced by sugarcane and analysis of the relationship with family farming production in the state of Goiás

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1296-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Petrini ◽  
Jansle V. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

In Brazil, the State of Goiás is one of sugarcane expansion's frontiers to meet the growing demand for biofuels. The objective of this study was to identify the municipalities where there were replacement of annual crops (mainly grains) by sugarcane in the state of Goiás, as well as indicate correlations between the sugarcane expansion and the family farming production, in the period between 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, grains crop mask and sugarcane crop mask, obtained from satellite images, were intersected using geoprocessing techniques. It was also used IBGE data of sugarcane production and planted area, and data of family farming production linked with the National Food Acquisition Program (PAA), in relation to the number of cooperatives and family farmers. The crops masks and data tables of the National Food Acquisition Program were provided by National Food Supply Agency. There were 95 municipalities that had crops replacement, totaling 281,554 hectares of grains converted to sugarcane. We highlight the municipalities of Santa Isabel, Iaciara, Maurilândia, and Itapaci, where this change represented more than half of their agricultural areas. In relation to family farming, the sugarcane expansion in the state of Goiás has not affected their activities during the period studied.

scholarly journals Pluriatividade e agroindústrias rurais no Maranhão: uma análise baseada no censo agropecuário de 2006

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Olena V. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Family Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Processed Products

No artigo, propõe-se a caracterização de algumas agroindústrias rurais no estado do Maranhão, baseada nos dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2006. Como ponto de partida para a pesquisa, serviu o fato de que as agroindústrias de produtos agropecuários se destacam como principais atividades entre as ocupações pluriativas dos agricultores familiares do estado. A escolha de agroindústrias para análise é fundamentada pela sua importância no sistema de produção agroalimentar e pela maior participação da agricultura familiar nos valores agregados dos produtos processados. Na literatura pesquisada, defende-se a visão de que, no contexto de pluriatividade a diversifcação das atividades, que ocorre por meio de criação de agroindústrias familiares, de pequeno porte e artesanais, pode ser apontada como uma alternativa econômicapara que a agricultura familiar possa permanecer e desenvolver-se em paralelo com as agroindústrias de grande escala e, assim, contribuir para a construção de um novo modelo de desenvolvimento dentro do qual o rural seja pensado como um todo, e não mais apenas ligado à produção agrícola.Palavras-chave: Pluriatividade. Agroindústrias. Agricultura familiar. Censo agropecuário 2006. PLURIACTIVITY AND RURAL AGROINDUSTRIES IN MARANHÃO: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE 2006 AGRICULTURAL CENSUSAbstractThe article proposes the characterization of some rural agroindustries in the state of Maranhão based on data from the 2006 Agricultural Census. As a starting point for the research served the fact that agroindustries of agricultural products stand out as the main activities among the pluriactive occupations of the family farmers of the State. The choice of agroindustries for analysis is based on their importance in the agro-food production system and the greater participation of family agriculture in the aggregated values of processed products. In the researched literature, it is defended the view that, in the context of pluriactivity, the diversification of activities that occurs through the creation of small family and artisanal agroindustries, can be pointed out as an economic alternative so that family agriculture can remain and developin parallel to the large-scale production and thus contribute to the construction of a new model of development in which the rural is thought as a whole and no longer only linked to agricultural production.Keywords: Pluriactivity. Agroindustries. Family farming. 2006 Agricultural census. 

scholarly journals Characterization of the factors associated with the growth phase of dairy cattle in family farming

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Rodrigo De Andrade Ferrazza ◽  
Gilvando Fabio Uliana de Moura ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Transition Milk

The aim of this study was to characterize the factors associated with the growth phase of dairy cattle used in family farming. We investigated 20 family-run milk production systems located in the Conceição de Ipanema municipality, MG, Brazil. Farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured survey form containing 152 questions. The questions were aimed at characterizing the farmer, herd, and husbandry system at pre- and post-weaning phases. Data were processed by using Sphinx® software, and descriptive analyses were performed in MS Excel® software. The results showed strengths, including navel healing (100%), location of the calf housing above (45%) or next to the pen (35%), and existence of a sanitary calendar (90%). However, several limitations in the management of calves and heifers were identified, such as lack of zootechnical bookkeeping (55%), manual milking with calf at the foot (65%), absence of herd sizing (100%), no routine weighing of calves (95%), incorrect colostrum management (80%), non-supply of transition milk to calves (85%), and likely failure to diagnose diseases by a fraction of the farmers. Thus, training regarding adequate management practices by extension technicians is imperative, along with the formulation of public policies that comply with the aspirations of family farmers, while promoting their economic and social sustainability.

scholarly journals The Social Structure of a Bedfordshire Parish in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Tranter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Source Materials

In an earlier article, I outlined some of the main social and demographic characteristics of the Bedfordshire parish of Cardington during the late eighteenth century, using for the purpose the invaluable survey of the parish compiled by a local schoolmaster, James Lilbourne, in 1782. Because of the growing interest in the historical process of social change, it has been thought worthwhile to examine the socio-demographic structure of Cardington at a later period. The date chosen for this second snap-shot was 1851 and the source materials used are the enumerators' schedules of the parish which were prepared for the census of that year. Although the listings for 1782 and 1851 differ somewhat, both in the nature of their content and in the degree of their coverage of the local population, a crude comparison between them has proved to be possible.

scholarly journals ETHNOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
I.M. Potravny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses approaches to conducting ethnological expertise to assess the consequences of changes in the native habitat of indigenous peoples of the North in connection with an emergency oil spill at the TPP-3 in Norilsk on May 29, 2020. It shows the impact on the environment as a result of past economic activity on the territory of the Norilsk industrial district, as well as possible changes in the sphere of traditional nature management in connection with an emergency oil spill. It is proposed to divide the assessment of negative effects on the environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous peoples associated with past economic activities and changes caused by the current impact of accidental pollution and its consequences on the ethnic group and the traditional way of life of the local population. The stages and content of ethnological expertise of changes in the native habitat of indigenous peoples on the territory of the Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk territory due to an emergency oil spill are considered. The assessment of possible harm to small indigenous peoples for subsequent compensation is proposed to be determined on the basis of reduced resource productivity of the territory and lost profits for certain types of traditional nature use. The zone of withdrawal of the territories of traditional nature use area stress should be determined on the basis of instrumental measurements of the level of environmental pollution (water, soil, etc.). Holding the ethnological expertise in connection with environmental pollution on the territories of traditional nature use, including the assessment and compensation of the caused harm, allows to harmonize the interests of all stakeholders to minimize ecological, economic and social risks in the field of natural use.

scholarly journals Knowledge Politics in Environmental Conflicts: A Case from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2Supl) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Aline R.B. Pereira ◽  
Wolfram Laube
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
The People ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Environmental Administration ◽  
Environmental Agencies

Following large environmental conflicts and disasters, economic endeavors -particular large-scale investments in mining or hydropower- are nowadays subjected to rigorous environmental law and regulations. The application of rules and regulations takes place in environmental administration and courts and includes environmental impact assessments (EIAs, and does not correspond to the identical English acronym), licensing processes and litigation in court. Within these contexts, decision making is supposed to be based on rational reasoning and purportedly impartial scientific knowledge and information. Thus, citizens’ rights in resource conflicts and the effective enforcement of these rights in administrative, judicial, and political contestation become highly dependent on knowledge and information and the ways it is produced, interpreted, and valued in the interaction between people affected and investors, lays and experts, bureaucrats, legal practitioners and citizens. Political contestation becomes seemingly a technical dispute. This paper bases on a qualitative study of the conflicts surrounding the establishment of the large-scale iron-ore mining project Minas-Rio, in Conceição do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, Brazil, conducted in 2014-2015. It describes the problematic nature of the production of information and knowledge in a given political-economic context and the contestations surrounding the validity of apparently scientific results as they emerged alongside the environmental licensing process. Environmental studies and their technical evaluations are based on questionable assumptions and often lack accurate baseline data. The deficiency of public resources for independent investigation makes the environmental agencies dependent on services and information provided by mining companies. Apart from this form of collaboration, the prioritization of allegedly scientific “expert” knowledge, career trajectories of agencies’ personnel, and pressure by pro-mining politicians leads to the uncritical adoption of data, information and knowledge provided by the company and/or the consultancy firms employed by them. At the same time, information given by the people affected and environmentalists becomes sidelined. Thereby, the basic environmental and citizen rights, as the rights to information concerning the environment and to participation in licensing processes, guaranteed in the Brazilian constitution and environmental legislation, become ineffective.

scholarly journals Costos y rendimientos en la labranza convencional y mecanizada de la agricultura familiar en la comunidad campesina Barrio Bajo de Matucana

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
The Road ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Apartado Postal ◽  
The Family ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
And Performance

Costos y rendimientos en la labranza convencional y mecanizada de la agricultura familiar en la comunidad campesina Barrio Bajo de Matucana Costs and performance in the conventional and mechanized tillage of family farming in the peasant community of Barrio Bajo in Matucana Catherine Alva1, Noriyuki Baba2, José Velásquez3 1 Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, La Molina s/n, Lima, PE. 2 Japan International Cooperation Agency - JICA, Apartado Postal 18-0261, Lima 18, PE. 3 Agro Rural, Jesús María, Lima 11, PE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2015.0021/ Resumen En la labranza de la agricultura familiar de la sierra peruana convencionalmente se emplean aperos manuales (yunta y barreta). Actualmente no se tienen determinados los costos y rendimientos de trabajo de la labranza convencional y mecanizada. En consecuencia, esta investigación buscaba determinar cuántos son los costos y rendimientos de trabajo que el agricultor familiar invierte; a la vez, cuán adaptable es la mecanización según sus necesidades. Se verificó cuantitativamente que la labranza convencional tiene mayores costos y menores rendimientos que la labranza mecanizada, asimismo que esta última es adaptable a las necesidades que el agricultor familiar de la sierra peruana necesita. Para ello se evaluó el acceso desde la carretera a la parcela y la labranza en cada una de ellas (parcelas en laderas, terrazas y andenes) con cada tipo de apero (yunta, barreta y motocultores), tanto en tiempos, longitudes, esfuerzo y calidad del suelo labrado. El lugar donde se realizaron las evaluaciones fue la comunidad campesina Barrio Bajo de Matucana desde julio del 2,014 hasta enero del 2,015. Se determinó que el agricultor invierte con la branza convencional alrededor de S/.1,300 por hectárea con rendimientos alrededor de 440 metros cuadrados por día, mientras que de forma mecanizada alrededor de S/.700 por hectárea y 990 metros cuadrados por día. La labranza mecanizada beneficia al agricultor familiar por su menor costo y mayores rendimientos, además porque cubre sus necesidades. Sin embargo, aún falta evaluar (de forma mecanizada) con otros implementos para poder cubrir las demás etapas de la producción agrícola. Descriptores: agricultura familiar, aperos manuales, motocultores, mecanización, costos, rendimientos. Abstract In tillage of family farming in the Peruvian highlands conventionally hand tools (yoke and barreta) are used. Currently, the costs and the work performance of conventional and mechanized farming are not certain. Consequently, this research seeks to determine how much are the costs and work performance which the family farmer invests; at the same time, how adaptable is the mechanization to their needs. It was verified quantitatively that tillage has higher costs and lower returns than mechanical tillage, the latter is also adaptable to the needs of family farmers in the Peruvian highlands. For this, the road access to the land and farming was evaluated, in each one (plots on hillsides, terraces and platforms) with each type of implement (yoke, barreta and cultivators), both times, lengths, effort and tilled soil quality. The evaluations were performed was in the peasant community of Barrio Bajo Matucana from July 2,014 to January 2,015. It was determined that the farmer invests on conventional tillage about S/. 1,300 per hectare yields about 440 square meters per day, while the mechanized way is about S/.700 per hectare and 990 square meters per day. Mechanical tillage benefits the family farmer for its lower cost and higher yields, as well as covering their needs. However, there is still evaluating (mechanized) with other implements to cover other stages of agricultural production. Keywords: Family farming, manual tools, cultivators, mechanization, costs, performance.

scholarly journals Environmental exposure to benzene: evaluation of urinary S-PMA and polymorphism (CYP2E1-1293G>C and NQO1 609C>T) in Campos Elíseos residents, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Barata Silva ◽  
Caroline de Lima Mota ◽  
Yasmin Rocha Almeida ◽  
Vanessa Emídio ◽  
Antonio Sergio A. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Janeiro State

Benzene is one of the most important substances for assessment, due to its significant use, the environmental contamination resulting from its emission and the effects on human health. It is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a known carcinogen to humans (group 1) and associated with the development of leukemia. In general, the population is exposed to this substance by inhaling contaminated air, which varies according to the location and intensity of its potential sources. The petrochemical industry is one of the most important sources of this compound. The municipality of Duque de Caxias, specifically the Campos Elíseos district, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, houses the Industrial Complex of Campos Elíseos (PICE), a grouping of over 25 industries, which includes the second largest oil refinery in Brazil. Environmental contamination from the PICE has been recognized, but there is a lack of studies concerning its impact on the health of the surrounding population. S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) concentrations ranging from 0.80 to 8.01μg.g-1 creatinine were observed in the local population, apparently related to hematological changes also observed in exposed population. The quantifiable presence of urinary S-PMA from the benzene metabolism is associated with the fact that 60% of the participants present specific hematological changes, which may be due to the environmental benzene exposure. The allele and genotype frequencies of the CYP2E1 and NQO1 enzymes observed in the study population were similar to those reported in other studies. The presence of the variant allele in the NQO1 genotype may be a risk factor for the observed hematological changes.

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