Socioeconomic Analysis of Rural Credit and Technical Assistance for Family Farmers in the Transamazonian Territory, in the Brazilian Amazon

<p>In Brazil, Rural Credit and Technical Assistance policies for family farming were formulated with the goal of promoting rural development in a sustainable and integrated manner. This study is the result of the <em>Monitoring and assessment of public policies for territory management in the Pará Amazon</em> project, undertaken by the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), aimed to evaluate the main socioeconomic impacts and limitations for the execution of these policies in the Transamazonian Territory. It is characterized as qualitative and exploratory, developed from bibliographic research and field research, based on data obtained through interviews conducted with 22 families of farmers who are beneficiaries of Rural Credit, the B modality of the National Programme for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) and of the Technical Assistance Policy, whose sample corresponds to 10% of total contracts made effective within that Territory, between the years of 2013 and 2014. In addition to these farmers, for the analysis of the Technical Assistance service, interviews were conducted with extension workers from eight organizations, one of which is a state public company and seven of which are outsourced companies hired by the Federal Government to provide this service. The descriptive analysis shows that PRONAF B focuses on areas that produce short cycle food crops and on fishing activities. The technical assistance service provided by the public company is carried out in all the cities within the Territory, but only meets 10% of the demand; the service provided by the outsourced companies also occurs in all cities and its greatest setback is the delay in the release of funds by the Federal Government, which generates delays in the agricultural calendar and discontinuity in the productive activities, due to the end of the term of the companies’ contracts.</p>

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Analysis of Barriers that Affect the Transformation of Family Farmer Into a Rural Entrepreneur in Brazilian Context

Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia ◽

10.5585/ijsm.v13i3.2073 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 107-122

Author(s):

Patricia Amelia Tomei ◽

Daniela Arantes Alves Lima

Keyword(s):

Formal Education ◽

Public Policies ◽

Psychosocial Characteristics ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Access To Credit ◽

Rural Credit ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Brazilian Government ◽

Subjective Evaluations ◽

The Family

Despite importance of family agriculture, until the mid 90's, the Brazilian farmers had little or no access to credit and the existing public policies often do not meet the needs of this population. In 1996, the Brazilian government created the PRONAF - Program of Familiar Agriculture, first rural credit program designed exclusively for family farmers (FF) that despite numerous qualities, is facing challenges related to socio-cultural and psychosocial characteristics of farmers who do not always can incorporate the behaviors needed to be rural entrepreneurs (RE) in an industry that increasingly demand for innovation and development. This is the main objective of this study: to analyze the barriers faced by family farmers (FF) that affect its transformation into a rural entrepreneur (RR). To study these two groups, we interviewed and applied a structured questionnaire to a convenience sample, non-probabilistic, selected by the criterion of typicality of fourteen farmers who started their business in Southern Brazil. For these The analysis showed that the barriers to rural entrepreneurship were associated with lack of leadership and ability to take risks, and emphasized the importance of the family, social networks and formal education in the development of FF. We conclude that the FF can’t be regarded as typical Schumpeterian entrepreneurs, but some points have become critical to the implementation of public policies: a contingency approach; prioritize the targeting of resources to more entrepreneurial profiles; promote the objective and subjective evaluations of the results of resource allocation; strengthen training programs, management education and business incubators.

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Methods of cultivation and technical coefficients of peanuts in the Bahian Recôncavo

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000582019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

Author(s):

Fábio Botelho ◽

Clovis Pereira Peixoto ◽

Ademir Trindade Almeida ◽

Gabriella Laura Peixoto Botelho

Keyword(s):

Technical Assistance ◽

Specific Form ◽

Production Costs ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Northeast Region ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Local Farmers ◽

Technical Coefficients

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to collect information about peanut cultivation methods adopted by family farmers in the Bahian Recôncavo (region that surrounds the bay in the state of Bahia, Brazil), using a specific form and also direct information from farmers. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the mesoregion of the Bahian Recôncavo in the following municipalities: Conceição do Almeida, Cruz das Almas, Maragogipe, São Felipe, São Felix, Sapeaçú and Laje (Vale do Jequiriçá), where 60 local farmers answered a nonstructured questionnaire about peanut cultivation. The cultivation system was estimated based on technical coefficients related to peanut cultivation in the area evaluated. The peanut cultivation system is carried out by family farmers from the Bahian Recôncavo who employ outdated practices and do not use the required basic steps. The technical coefficients analyzed show that the cultivation of peanut is an unprofitable activity when considering the high cost of production in this region, even though productivity is higher than in the entire state as well as in the Northeast region. Farmers in the Bahian Recôncavo do not consider the actual production costs of peanuts since they use seeds from previous crops and do not account for the labor costs of family members. There is a lack of active and continuous technical assistance to family farmers, not only in relation to the cultivation system, but also the possibility of other destinations for peanuts produced in the region.

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POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO BRASIL: O CASO DO PROGRAMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

GEOgraphia ◽

10.22409/geographia2021.v23i50.a14398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (50) ◽

Author(s):

Jonatan Alexandre De Oliveira ◽

José Giacomo Baccarin

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Rural Credit ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Income Family ◽

The Family ◽

Family Agriculture ◽

Space Organization ◽

Data Source

Tem-se como principal objetivo analisar a organização do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da Agricultura Familiar (PAA) no espaço agrícola do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Utilizamos como fonte de dados as ações da superintendência da Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento CONAB-SP (2012). De acordo com as ações do PAA no espaço agrícola paulista, constatou-se que o PAA apresentou desempenho relativo melhor que o conjunto das outras superintendências regionais; a modalidade Compra com Doação Simultânea atinge número mais expressivo de municípios; o PAA vem sendo aplicado com maior intensidade em favor dos agricultores familiares e assentados de regiões administrativas mais empobrecidas; há forte vínculo do PAA com os assentamentos de reforma agrária; o PAA parece complementar o PRONAF, na medida em que atende com maior intensidade justamente aqueles agricultores com maiores dificuldades de acesso ao programa de crédito rural. Levando-se em conta as intenções expressas formalmente na criação do PAA, em especial aquela de procurar atender os agricultores familiares com menor renda, as análises deste trabalho apontam que a mesma vem sendo cumprida no caso do estado de São Paulo, embora os recursos do Programa e o número de agricultores familiares ainda seja reduzido em relação ao seu público potencial.Palavras chave: Organização Espacial; Regiões Administrativas; Políticas Públicas; Agricultura FamiliarPUBLIC POLICIES IN BRAZIL: THE CASE OF THE PROGRAM OF ACQUISITION OF FOODS OF FAMILY AGRICULTURE IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZILAbstract: The main objective is to analyze the organization of the Program of Acquisition of Food of Family Agriculture (PAA) in the agricultural space of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We used as data source the actions of the Superintendence of National Supply Company CONAB-SP (2012). According with the actions of the PAA in the agricultural space of São Paulo, it was verified that the PAA presented a relative better performance in relation to the set of other regional superintendence; the Buy with Simultaneous Donation modality reaches the most expressive number of municipalities; the PAA has been applied with greater intensity in favor of the family farmers and settlers of more impoverished administrative regions; There is a strong link between the PAA and the agrarian settlements; the PAA seems to complement PRONAF, since is responds with greater intensity to those farmers with greater difficulties of access to the rural credit program. Taking into account the intentions expressed formally in the creation of the PAA, especially that of seeking to provide the lowest income family farmers. The analyzes of this work indicate that it has been fulfilled in the case of the state of São Paulo. Although the resources of the Program and the number of family farmers is still small relative to its potential audienceKeywords: Space Organization; Administrative Regions; Public Policy; Family Farming.POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EN BRASIL: EL CASO DEL PROGRAMADE ADQUISICIÓN DE ALIMENTOS PARA LA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR EN EL ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASILResumen: El objetivo principal es analizar la organización del Programa de Adquisición de Alimentos para la Agricultura Familiar (PAA) en el espacio agrícola del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Utilizamos como fuente de datos las acciones de la superintendencia de la Compañía Nacional de Abastecimiento CONAB-SP (2012). Según las acciones del PAA en el espacio agrícola en São Paulo, se descubrió que el PAA tuvo un desempeño relativamente mejor que el conjunto de otras superintendencias regionales; la modalidad de Compra con Donación Simultánea llega a un mayor número de municipios; El PAA se ha aplicado con mayor intensidad a favor de los agricultores familiares y los asentados de regiones administrativas más empobrecidas; existe un fuerte vínculo entre el PAA y los asentamientos de reforma agraria; el PAA parece complementar al PRONAF, en la medida en que sirve con mayor intensidad precisamente a aquellos agricultores con mayores dificultades para acceder al programa de crédito rural. Teniendo en cuenta las intenciones expresadas formalmente en la creación del PAA, especialmente la de tratar de servir a los agricultores familiares con menores ingresos, los análisis de este trabajo muestran que se ha cumplido en el caso del estado de São Paulo, aunque los recursos del El programa y el número de agricultores familiares todavía se reducen en relación con su audiencia potencial.Palabras clave: Organización espacial, Regiones Administrativas, Políticas públicas, Agricultura familiar.

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Milk quality evaluation of dairy farmers in the Alto São Francisco Region

REALIZAÇÃO ◽

10.30612/re-ufgd.v6i12.10623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 108-120

Author(s):

Florence Dalila Peres ◽

Daniela Paulino Parreira ◽

Jean Kaique Valentim ◽

Karynne Luana Chaves de Paula ◽

Sônia De Oliveira Duque Paciulli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Milk Production ◽

Quality Evaluation ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Average Production

Among family farmers, milk production is one of the main activities developed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the milk quality in the some properties and to monitor or manage the properties for observation of deficient points. The project was conducted on rural properties in the Bambuí / MG city and which works with bovine milk production, saves between 50 and 600 liters per day. The work started on March 2015 and ended on February 2016 and was developed through a partnership with Laticínio Total União Ltda. Three steps were performed, namely: data collection, milk quality analysis and work results obtained through meetings and lectures with producers and publication of booklet. The project's target farms was 12 rural properties with an average production of up to 600 liters of milk per day, without qualifying as small and medium producers, selected after the first phase. The milk quality analyzes were performed without 30 days interval for 4 months and the monitoring of the productive management performed throughout the project. It can be seen that the producers analyzed largely did not have the herd specialized in milk production and did not receive professional technical assistance.

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Impacts of the Fomento Program on Family Farmers in the Brazilian Semi-Arid and its relevance to climate change: a case study in the region of Sub medio São Francisco

Sustentabilidade em Debate ◽

10.18472/sustdeb.v11n1.2020.30505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 211-225

Author(s):

Patrícia Mesquita ◽

Ricardo Theophilo Folhes ◽

Louise Cavalcante ◽

Luciana Vieira de Novais Rodrigues ◽

Beatriz Abreu Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Arid Region ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Family Farmers ◽

The Social ◽

The Face ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Food And Nutritional Security ◽

Semi Arid

For some years, Brazil established itself as a leader in strategies of strategies and programs aimed at reducing the social vulnerability of the most vulnerable populations. In this context, the Program for the Promotion of Rural Productive Activities (Fomento Program), created in 2011, had as one of the main objectives to stimulate the generation of work and income, and promote food and nutritional security for rural, indigenous, traditional and settled populations of agrarian reform. In the Northeast, and more specifically in the Semi-arid region, the relevance of this Program stands out even more concerning climate projections, which indicates that such areas will suffer from more extreme drought in the face of climate change, affecting populations dependent on climate-sensitive activities. Therefore, given the diversity of impacts of the Fomento Program reported in the literature, this article sought to present results on the perception of the Program's impacts from 24 family farmers, interviewed through qualitative research in four municipalities in the state of Bahia in 2017. In addition to the socio-productive aspects, the research sought to understand the Program's impacts in the context of climate change. The results point to a positive perception mainly related to changes in production and technical assistance based on the Paradigm of Co-existence with the Semi-arid Region.

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Extractive Latifundio and the Low Income of the Extractive Reserve Rio Ouro Preto, Western Amazon

International Journal of Social Science Studies ◽

10.11114/ijsss.v9i6.5304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Josimar da Silva Freitas ◽

Alfredo Kingo Oyama Homma ◽

Milton Cordeiro Farias Filho ◽

Armin Mathis ◽

Luciano Felix Florit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Social Groups ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Human Needs ◽

Education And Health ◽

Extractive Reserves ◽

Dependence Relationship

In an attempt to mitigate the environmental impacts caused by large farmers, extractive reserves (RESEXs) were founded with the objectives of conserving biological diversity and meeting traditional communities’ vital needs. This study aimed to evaluate whether the objectives of human needs satisfaction and environmental conservation were achieved based on institutional investments in a RESEX in the Brazilian Amazon. The study was developed through the association method, and we confirmed interference due to the dependence relationship that occurred between the variables of the economic and social groups with the institutional one. Here, we conclude that low investments in social (education and health) and productive policies (roads, transport, and technical assistance) prevent social development and consequently motivate deforestation when families seek to ensure subsistence.

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Technical Efficiency and Public Policies in Agriculture: An Analysis for the Eastern Amazon Region

Ensayos de Economía ◽

10.15446/ede.v31n58.89283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (58) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana de Sales Silva

Keyword(s):

Technical Efficiency ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Public Policies ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Conditional Cash Transfer ◽

Amazon Region ◽

The State ◽

Cash Transfer ◽

Rural Credit

The agricultural sector in one of the most dynamic industries of the Brazilian economy and is responsible for about 30% of the GDP of the state of Pará, located in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon region. This is mainly due to the public policies developed for the sector, with emphasis on the National Policy of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER) and Rural Credit, in addition to conditional cash transfer programs such as Bolsa Família (Family Allowance). Given this scenario, the purpose of this research is to determine the technical efficiency of the agricultural rural facilities of Pará, and observe the effect of these policies on their inefficiency. The methodology employed in order to achieve these objectives is the stochastic frontier approach, and the data used was obtained from a special tabulation based on the 2006 Agricultural Census. The main results evidence that rural credit policies, social welfare programs, and technical support are important to reduce the technical inefficiency of the rural facilities of the State of Pará. The latter, however, is not statistically significant.

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Assessment of rural credit impact on land and labor productivity for Brazilian family farmers

Nova Economia ◽

10.1590/0103-6351/2761 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 721-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcos de Oliveira Garcias ◽

Ana Lucia Kassouf

Keyword(s):

Labor Productivity ◽

Approval Process ◽

Credit Policy ◽

Average Effect ◽

Rural Credit ◽

Family Farmers ◽

The Family ◽

Agricultural Census ◽

Commercial Market ◽

The Impact

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of rural credit on land and labor productivity for Brazilian family farmers and assess factors influencing the rural credit approval process. The study employs data contained in the 2006 Brazilian Municipality1 Agricultural Census and a “trade index” (TI) specifically constructed to differentiate family farmers. The impact of credit on land and labor productivity was calculated by comparing the productivity of a group of family farmers that received credit with the productivity of a group of family farmers that were credit restricted. The groups were constructed with the aid of propensity score matching. When statistically significant, the average effect of credit was found to increase the recipient’s productivity of land and labor. It was also found that productivity increases due to the use of credit aligned with the level of the family farmer’s integration into the commercial market and, therefore, one credit policy does not fit for all Brazilian family farmers.

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Co-producing knowledge with family farming organizations: a citizen science observatory in Santarém, Brazilian Amazon

Cahiers Agricultures ◽

10.1051/cagri/2021035 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Emilie Coudel ◽

Stéphanie Nasuti ◽

Beatriz Abreu dos Santos ◽

Mariana Piva ◽

Valéria Fechine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Large Scale ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Global Changes ◽

Family Farming ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Data Collection Strategy ◽

Academic Researchers

This data paper presents a survey conducted in a participatory manner in the territory of Santarém, in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim is to understand how global changes are affecting family farmers. In the study area, family farming has been confronted over the past 20 years with the rapid expansion of large-scale monocultures, especially soybean. As part of the Odyssea socio-environmental observatory, academic researchers and family farming organizations entered into a partnership to co-produce data that could be strategically useful for these organizations. A process of co-construction of the expectations allowed priorities to be established and the data collection strategy to be defined. Three levels of analysis were chosen in order to allow an integrated understanding of the dynamics of change: the Santarem Plateau territory, the rural community level (living place recognized by the farmers) and the farmers’ households. Twenty-one farmers, called community researchers, organized in 3 teams, applied a questionnaire through the KoboCollect smartphone application to 544 families in the municipalities of Santarém, Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra. Meetings were previously held in the rural communities and questionnaires were applied with representatives of 32 communities. Data was collected between April and June 2019. The community researchers and academic researchers then came together for two collective sessions of data analysis and interpretation in July and October 2019. Data was standardized and cleaned using SPSS software, between September and December 2019. The metadata and databases are available on the CIRAD dataverse.

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