scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Parthasarathy ◽  
Roma A. Chougale
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Staphylococcus is an adaptable pathogen and leads to rapid development of antibiotic resistance. The major targets for antibiotics are (i) the cell wall, (ii) the ribosome and (iii) nucleic acids. Resistance can either develop intrinsically or extrinsically via horizontal gene transfer, drug site modification, and efflux pumps etc. This review focuses on development of resistance to currently used antibiotics in Staphylococcal infection, novel therapeutic approaches resistance pattern of antibiotics and also the future prospectus for new antibiotics usage.

scholarly journals Silver Oxynitrate, an Unexplored Silver Compound with Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 4031-4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe A. Lemire ◽  
Lindsay Kalan ◽  
Alexandru Bradu ◽  
Raymond J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Silver Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Compound

ABSTRACTHistorically it has been accepted, and recent research has established, that silver (Ag) is an efficacious antimicrobial agent. A dwindling pipeline of new antibiotics, combined with an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant infections, is bringing Ag to the fore as a therapeutic compound to treat infectious diseases. Currently, many formulations of Ag are being deployed for commercial and medical purposes, with various degrees of effectiveness at killing microbial cells. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacity of our lead compound, silver oxynitrate [Ag(Ag3O4)2NO3or Ag7NO11], against other metal compounds with documented antimicrobial activity, including Ag2SO4, AgNO3, silver sulfadiazine (AgSD), AgO, Ag2O, and CuSO4. Our findings reveal that Ag7NO11eradicates biofilm and planktonic populations ofPseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), fluoroquinolone-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa(FQRP), and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) at lower concentrations than those of the other tested metal salts. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Ag7NO11has an enhanced efficacy for the treatment of biofilm-forming pathogens.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistant Pattern and Resistant Gene Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Chicken Farm in Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Nabila Swarna Puspa Hermana ◽  
Usamah Afiff ◽  
Safika Safika ◽  
Agustin Indrawati ◽  
Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Resistant Gene ◽  
Ermb Gene ◽  
Layer Farm

Chicken is one of the important protein source in Indonesia. Moreover, the largest population of chicken layer and poultry in Indonesia is known situated at West Java province with Bogor manicipality as the main producer. The aims of this study were to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry and layer farm in Bogor. The study also identified gene encoded the resistance. Cloacal swab samples were collected from chicken broiler and layer farm in Bogor manicipality. The samples were then cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) medium to obtain S. aureus. Suspected colony was then confirmed by biochemical test. Positive strains were tested against several antibiotics and the diameter of clear zone arround of colony was interpreted based on Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Furthermore, the DNA from resistant strains were then extracted, followed by detection of the resistance gene by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 14 isolates of S. aureus were positive from poultry farm, and 15 isolates from layer farm. Most of all were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin and nalidixic acid. On the other hands, several strains were sensitive to gentamycin and chloramphenicol. The study showed 28 isolates out of them were multi-drug resistant. Resistant gene such as blaTEM, gyrA and tetA were also identified in some isolates except for ErmB gene which was found in isolates originated from poultry farm. In conclussion, S. aureus in both farm showed mostly multi-drug resistant to several antibiotics which were supported by identification of resistant gene among isolates.

scholarly journals Comparative Tn-Seq reveals common daptomycin resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus despite strain-dependent differences in essentiality of shared cell envelope genes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Coe ◽  
Wonsik Lee ◽  
Gloria Komazin-Meredith ◽  
Timothy C. Meredith ◽  
Yonatan H. Grad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Strain Dependent

AbstractAntibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remains a leading cause of antibiotic resistance-associated mortality in the United States. Given the reality of multi-drug resistant infections, it is imperative that we establish and maintain a pipeline of new compounds to replace or supplement our current antibiotics. A first step towards this goal is to prioritize targets by identifying the genes most consistently required for survival across the S. aureus phylogeny. Here we report the first direct comparison of gene essentiality across multiple strains of S. aureus via transposon sequencing. We show that mutant fitness varies by strain in key pathways, underscoring the importance of using more than one strain to differentiate between core and strain-dependent essential genes. Despite baseline differences in gene importance, several pathways, including the lipoteichoic acid pathway, become consistently essential under daptomycin exposure, suggesting core vulnerabilities that can be exploited to resensitize daptomycin-nonsusceptible isolates. We also demonstrate the merit of using transposons with outward-facing promoters capable of overexpressing nearby genes for identifying clinically-relevant gain-of-function resistance mechanisms. Together, the daptomycin vulnerabilities and resistance mechanisms support a mode of action with wide-ranging effects on the cell envelope and cell division. This work adds to a growing body of literature demonstrating the nuanced insights gained by comparing Tn-Seq results across multiple bacterial strains.Author summaryAntibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus kills thousands of people every year in the United States alone. To stay ahead of the looming threat of multidrug-resistant infections, we must continue to develop new antibiotics and find ways of making our current repertoire of antibiotics more effective, including by finding pairs of compounds that perform best when administered together. In the age of next-generation sequencing, we can now use transposon sequencing to find potential targets for new antibiotics on a genome-wide scale, identified as either essential genes or genes that become essential in the presence of an antibiotic. In this work, we created a compendium of genes that are essential across a range of S. aureus strains, as well as those that are essential in the presence of the antibiotic daptomycin. The results will be a resource for researchers working to develop the next generation of antibiotic therapies.

scholarly journals Seftarolin, Antibiotik Baru dengan Aktivitas Anti-MRSA: Sebuah Kajian Efektivitas, Keamanan, dan Biaya Penggunaan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-180
Author(s):  
Steven Victoria Halim ◽  
Eko Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

A growing problem in the medical field is the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens. One reason this development is so important is that in recent years there is a shortage of new antibiotics in development to combat resistant pathogens. It worths to mention that while 19 new antibiotics were released in the period 1980 to 1984, this had dropped to just three in the period 2005 to 2009. Ironically, the shortage of new antibiotics occur in the era where growing number of pathogens develop resistance to multiple antibiotics that previously effectively used to treat the infections. As a consequent, it is essential that the efficacy of last resort antibiotics, including the new antibiotics, be maintained as long as possible. Ceftaroline is a new antibiotic in Indonesia market which has methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity and it belongs to the cephalosporins. Further understanding related to basic profile of ceftaroline, efficacy and safety, cost, and place in therapy is needed to optimize the responsible used of ceftaroline in daily medical practice

Indole and Indoline Scaffolds in Antimicrobials: Overview, Synthesis, and Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo J. Nieto ◽  
Hannah K. Lupton
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Disease States ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

: In our current society, a pandemic of antibiotic-resistant infectious diseases is an ever-growing threat. The need for new antibiotics and ways to combat antibiotic resistance is glaring. This review will focus on two different privileged scaffolds, the indole and the indoline, as useful nuclei for novel antibacterial compounds. The indole, a moiety found in numerous approved drugs for many disease states, has recently been studied for its usefulness as a scaffold for compounds that have activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The indoline is a scaffold with significantly less historical studies and FDA-approved drugs and it has attracted new interest in drug design and development. In recent years, indoline-containing compounds have been shown to have antibacterial activity as well as activity as a resistance-modifying agent (RMA), which act to improve the effectiveness of current antibiotic therapies that have known resistance.

scholarly journals Fosfomycin

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Falagas ◽  
Evridiki K. Vouloumanou ◽  
George Samonis ◽  
Konstantinos Z. Vardakas
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics

SUMMARYThe treatment of bacterial infections suffers from two major problems: spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens and lack of development of new antibiotics active against such MDR and XDR bacteria. As a result, physicians have turned to older antibiotics, such as polymyxins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. Lately, due to development of resistance to these agents, fosfomycin has gained attention, as it has remained active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR and XDR bacteria. New data of higher quality have become available, and several issues were clarified further. In this review, we summarize the available fosfomycin data regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thein vitroactivity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mechanisms of resistance and development of resistance during treatment, synergy and antagonism with other antibiotics, clinical effectiveness, and adverse events. Issues that need to be studied further are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Artichoke Ethanolic Extract on Antibiotic-Resistant Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Women

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab ◽  
Moharam Valizadeh ◽  
Maryam Beigomi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory and lethal effect of artichoke on pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and compare it with antibiotics in vitro. Methods: Ten strains of S. aureus were isolated from the vagina of women in Amir Al-Momenin Hospital of Zabol, Iran. The resistance pattern was determined by the disk diffusion method. Finally, the effect of the extract on bacteria was determined by the 96-well microplate method. Results: The results of the antibiotic resistance pattern showed that S. aureus samples had the highest resistance to oxacillin antibiotic and were sensitive to other antibiotics, and only one sample was sensitive to vancomycin antibiotic. The lowest inhibitory concentration of artichoke against S. aureus was 3.1 mg/mL, but five strains were inhibited at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus pathogens. Further clinical research is necessary for clinical use of these extracts.

scholarly journals An Update on Clinical Burden, Diagnostic Tools, and Therapeutic Options of Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117991611770399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Narayana Reddy ◽  
Krupanidhi Srirama ◽  
Vijaya R Dirisala
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Burden ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases ranging from mild skin and soft tissue infections, food poisoning to highly serious diseases such as osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. Proper diagnosis of pathogen and virulence factors is important for providing timely intervention in the therapy. Owing to the invasive nature of infections and the limited treatment options due to rampant spread of antibiotic-resistant strains, the trend for development of vaccines and antibody therapy is increasing at rapid rate than development of new antibiotics. In this article, we have discussed elaborately about the host-pathogen interactions, clinical burden due to S aureus infections, status of diagnostic tools, and treatment options in terms of prophylaxis and therapy.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Among Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Wound Cultures in Burn Patients: A Five-Year Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Bahram Askarpour ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat ◽  
Nazanin Hazrati ◽  
Ali Ahmadabadi ◽  
Masoud Youssefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Study Results

Background: Burn remains a globally significant life-threatening problem, especially in developing countries, and infection is considered as a major complication among burn patients. The rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from burn patients has demonstrated a significant increase. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients’ burn wound infections. Methods: All available wound cultures of burn patients admitted to the burn unit of Emam-Reza hospital/ Mashhad, northeast Iran from March 2012 to March 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Then, the resistance of isolated S. aureus strains against 25 different antibiotic disks was studied based on the aim of the study. Results: Overall, 1973 patients were admitted, out of whom 4758 swab samples were taken from them. Out of 3188 micro-organisms isolated from burn wound cultures, 185 (5.8%) cases were S. aureus. Based on the results, the highest susceptibility rates were related to vancomycin (98.8%), cefazolin (72%), ciprofloxacin (75%), and gentamicin (74.6%). Conclusions: In general, vancomycin, cefazolin, and ciprofloxacin appeared to be the most effective agents among all tested antibiotics for S. aureus. The extensive use of antibiotics in treating infections has resulted in the emergence of resistant strains. Routine microbiological surveillance and careful in vitro testing before antibiotic use may help in the prevention of the ever-increasing antibiotic-resistant pathogens in burn infections.

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