scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistant Pattern and Resistant Gene Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from Chicken Farm in Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Nabila Swarna Puspa Hermana ◽  
Usamah Afiff ◽  
Safika Safika ◽  
Agustin Indrawati ◽  
Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Resistant Gene ◽  
Ermb Gene ◽  
Layer Farm

Chicken is one of the important protein source in Indonesia. Moreover, the largest population of chicken layer and poultry in Indonesia is known situated at West Java province with Bogor manicipality as the main producer. The aims of this study were to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry and layer farm in Bogor. The study also identified gene encoded the resistance. Cloacal swab samples were collected from chicken broiler and layer farm in Bogor manicipality. The samples were then cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) medium to obtain S. aureus. Suspected colony was then confirmed by biochemical test. Positive strains were tested against several antibiotics and the diameter of clear zone arround of colony was interpreted based on Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Furthermore, the DNA from resistant strains were then extracted, followed by detection of the resistance gene by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 14 isolates of S. aureus were positive from poultry farm, and 15 isolates from layer farm. Most of all were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin and nalidixic acid. On the other hands, several strains were sensitive to gentamycin and chloramphenicol. The study showed 28 isolates out of them were multi-drug resistant. Resistant gene such as blaTEM, gyrA and tetA were also identified in some isolates except for ErmB gene which was found in isolates originated from poultry farm. In conclussion, S. aureus in both farm showed mostly multi-drug resistant to several antibiotics which were supported by identification of resistant gene among isolates.

scholarly journals Multi-drug Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from Paediatric Ward, General Hospital, Ikot-Ekpaw, Mkpat Enin LGA, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. A. Ibanga ◽  
O. D. Akan ◽  
F. Z. Uyanga ◽  
E. C. Mantu ◽  
M. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Paediatric Ward ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Aim: This study evaluated the Multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from a paediatric ward and was conducted using standard clinical microbiological procedures. Location and Duration of Study: The study was carried out on infant samples collected from the Paediatric ward, General Hospital, Ikot-Ekpaw,  Mkpat Enin LGA, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria, over three (3) months period. Design of Study: Hundred swab-samples were inoculated on Mannitol salt agar. Positive growths were further biochemically confirmed for Staphylococcus aureus. Confirmed isolates were then used for MDR evaluation. Results and Interpretation: Of the 100 samples from skin, wound, ear, throat and nose swabs, 28 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus and were subjected to a range of selected commercially available antibiotics like: Amoxicillin, ampiclox, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, rifampicin and streptomycin, to evaluate their susceptibilities. The wound swabs gave the highest isolate percentage yield (32%) followed by skin swabs (29%). Susceptibility results showed that amoxicillin and ampiclox were more resisted by the isolates, while ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and norfloxacin were more effective against the isolates. The Multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR) indices showed that 85.7% of the isolates had confirmed multi-drug resistance status, with 60.7% of the isolates showing resistance to between four or more of the tested antimicrobials. MAR indices revealed that 96.4% of the isolates had 0.3, indicating that the resistance resulted from isolates that adapted to the tested drugs due to some form of abuse. Restricted use of these drugs would help curtail the high resistance currently observed amongst microorganisms.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Shrines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Arjyal ◽  
Jyoti KC ◽  
Shreya Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in human beings and animals is concerning; it stands out as one of the leading agents causing nosocomial and community infections. Also, marginally increasing drug resistance in MRSA has limited therapeutic options. This study focuses on estimating the prevalence of MRSA in shrines, a place where human and animal interaction is frequent, sharing antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic-resistant genes, and diseases. A total of 120 environmental swabs were collected from targeted areas during the study period, March 2018 to May 2018. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by growth on mannitol salt agar (MSA), and MRSA by growth on mannitol salt agar containing 4 μg Oxacillin, Gram staining, and conventional biochemical test. Isolates of S. aureus were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method. MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) proportion were 19% and 81%, respectively; a high rate of MRSA was observed in isolates from Thapathali (28.6%). MSSA isolates showed a high rate of resistance to erythromycin (64.7%). MRSA isolates were resistant to gentamicin (50%), cotrimoxazole (25%), erythromycin (50%), and ciprofloxacin (25%). The isolates were susceptible to linezolid (100%), clindamycin (100%), ciprofloxacin (75%), erythromycin (50%), tetracycline (100%), and cotrimoxazole (75%). Intermediate resistance was also found in gentamicin (50%). Of the 11 MSSA isolates that were erythromycin resistant and clindamycin sensitive, 6 (54.5%) showed the inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) pattern and 2 MRSA isolates that were erythromycin resistant and clindamycin sensitive showed ICR pattern. Fifteen MSSA isolates were β-lactamase positive, whereas only two MRSA isolates showed β-lactamase production. There exists a minimal research work on infectious diseases that are shared between primates and animals. This study suggests the pervasiveness of MRSA/MSSA in the shrines, which may be a primary place for pathogen exchange between humans and primates.

scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wound Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Jyoti Shrestha ◽  
Krishan Govinda Prajapati ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Pramod Poudel ◽  
Santosh Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates from wound infections. Methods: A total of 706 wound specimens including pus and wound swab were analyzed in the laboratory of B and B Hospital, Lalitpur from May to October 2014. The specimens were cultured on Blood Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Strains resistant to cefoxitin (30mcg) with inhibition zone ≤ 21mm were identified as MRSA. Results: Out of 366 bacterial isolates, 90 (24.6%) were S. aureus and among them 16.7% were MRSA and 54.4% multi-drug resistant (MDR). All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and most of the isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin (83.3%). High rate of resistance was observed towards penicillin (98.9%) and ampicillin (86.7%). All MRSA isolates and 52.9% of methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were MDR. Conclusion: MRSA incidence is increasing in the population, and therapeutic measures are few and accompanied by diverse side effects. It is noteworthy to state that vancomycin is still the first line drug although vancomycin-resistant strains have been reported.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From In-patients of an Orthopaedic Hospital in North-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Dominic Agbo Oche ◽  
Paul Ifeleke Oyegoke ◽  
Maryloveth Oluchukwu Akpudo ◽  
Busayo Olalekan Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopaedic Hospital

Background and aims: Staphylococcus aureus, an important pathogen in bone diseases, is a highly multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolated from patients on admission in an orthopaedic hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 140 samples comprising urine samples, wound swabs, and nasal swabs were collected from 49 patients on admission. Samples were cultured and screened for S. aureus following standard procedures. Using the agar-disk diffusion method, the isolates were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility tests. Results: S. aureus were isolated from 26 (18.6%) samples, and wound swabs were found to have the highest number of the S. aureus isolates with 12 (46.2%). Among the 26 S. aureus isolated, 25 (96.2%) isolates were resistant to at least four or more of the tested antibiotics. There were 23 (88.5%) MDR isolates, while there were only 2 (7.6%) extensively drug resistant ones. The number of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 17 (65.4% of the isolates), while the number of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus were 9 (34.6% of the isolates). A total of 22 (84.6%) isolates had multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.2. Inducible clindamycin resistance of 2 (7.6%) was observed. Conclusion: This study showed that the S. aureus isolated from the patients were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Regular surveillance of antibiotic resistance is of utmost importance, since it facilitates the design or development of the treatment regimens that could check the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance pattern of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from burn wounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Azra Rahman ◽  
Asma Akhter ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Urmi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Mic Value

Out of 10 random burn wound swab samples, 15 isolates were found which included Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Shigella spp. Pseudmonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Antibiogram assay revealed that four of them were multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, i.e, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli which were further selected for a comparative analysis of resistance through determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by using chloramphenicol and tetracycline. In case of tetracycline, the highest MIC value was estimated to be 30 ?g/ml and the highest MBC value was found to be 60 ?g/ml for the 4 MDR strains tested. Whereas, against chloramphenicol, the highest MIC value was 62.5 ?g/ml and the highest MBC value was 125 ?g/ml for all the MDR strains except for E. coli, which exhibited absolute resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22744 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 6-8

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Parthasarathy ◽  
Roma A. Chougale
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Staphylococcus is an adaptable pathogen and leads to rapid development of antibiotic resistance. The major targets for antibiotics are (i) the cell wall, (ii) the ribosome and (iii) nucleic acids. Resistance can either develop intrinsically or extrinsically via horizontal gene transfer, drug site modification, and efflux pumps etc. This review focuses on development of resistance to currently used antibiotics in Staphylococcal infection, novel therapeutic approaches resistance pattern of antibiotics and also the future prospectus for new antibiotics usage.

scholarly journals Prevalence, molecular characterization and anti-microbial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus species isolates from buck semen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gururaj Kumaresan ◽  
Chetna Gangwar ◽  
Anil Kumar Mishra ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Suresh Dinkar Kharche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent pathogens, and a causative agent of a variety of infections in humans and animals. A total of 48 semen samples were collected from healthy bucks of different breeds to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus . Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of the Staphylococcus isolates were determined to assess the adverse effects of them on buck fertility. The bacterial isolates were tentatively confirmed as Staphylococcus spp. based on the Gram’s staining, growth on Mannitol salt agar and catalase test. Overall, 75% (n = 36) of the samples were positive for Staphylococcus spp. from the total 48 buck semen ejaculates from different breeds. Out of 36 staphylococcal isolates, 23 (47.92%) were coagulase negative (CoNS) and 13 (27.08%) were coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) based on the slide coagulase test. In the current study, on the basis of molecular characterization, we identified S. aureus , S. chromogenes, S. haemolyticus, S. sciuri, S. simulans and S. epidermidis amongst the staphylococcal isolates in the buck semen. This study revealed a high prevalence of Staphylococcus species in semen of the healthy bucks. The isolates exhibited varying degrees of multidrug resistance genotypically as well as phenotypically. The presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes may pose a potential threat to reproductive health of animals, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of these isolates at the time of semen cryopreservation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Artichoke Ethanolic Extract on Antibiotic-Resistant Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Women

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab ◽  
Moharam Valizadeh ◽  
Maryam Beigomi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory and lethal effect of artichoke on pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and compare it with antibiotics in vitro. Methods: Ten strains of S. aureus were isolated from the vagina of women in Amir Al-Momenin Hospital of Zabol, Iran. The resistance pattern was determined by the disk diffusion method. Finally, the effect of the extract on bacteria was determined by the 96-well microplate method. Results: The results of the antibiotic resistance pattern showed that S. aureus samples had the highest resistance to oxacillin antibiotic and were sensitive to other antibiotics, and only one sample was sensitive to vancomycin antibiotic. The lowest inhibitory concentration of artichoke against S. aureus was 3.1 mg/mL, but five strains were inhibited at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus pathogens. Further clinical research is necessary for clinical use of these extracts.

scholarly journals Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Surveillance of Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Beef and Frozen Poultry Meat (Chicken)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Samuel Adedayo Fasiku ◽  
John Olusola Olayiwola ◽  
Emmanuel Oluwasegun Babayemi ◽  
Omorinsola Tolulope Lasekan ◽  
Afolake Atinuke Olanbiwoninu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Susceptibility Rate ◽  
Good Hygiene ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Introduction: Oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) associated with beef and frozen chicken is a threat to public health because of the potential ability of them being multiple antibiotics resistant. Aim: The aim of this study is therefore to isolate, determine the susceptibility of S. aureus to oxacillin and subsequently other antibiotics so as to establish their antibiotic profiles. Methodology: Beef meat (20) and frozen chicken (20) samples were collected from different markets and restaurants in Oyo town, Oyo state, Nigeria. S. aureus was isolated from these samples using Mannitol Salt Agar and pure culture obtained. Pure culture of isolates was characterized and identified based on morphological, biochemical properties and were further subjected to susceptibility to oxacillin and other antibiotics. Results: Eighty S. aureus were isolated from beef meat and frozen chicken with occurrence of 34 and 46 respectively. Twenty five out of the 80 isolates were susceptible to oxacillin and termed as oxacillin susceptible S. aureus (OSSA) while 55 were resistant to oxacillin and termed as oxacillin resistant S. aureus (ORSA). S. aureus (ORSA and OSSA) from beef are susceptible (˃ 80%) to augmentin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, ofloxacin, cefuroxime and erythromycin. However, rate of resistance of ORSA to ceftazidime and cloxacillin was high (˃ 70%). The susceptibility rate among the ORSA and OSSA isolates from chicken is also slight high with minimum of 71% for ofloxacin. Conclusion: The overall antibiotic profiling revealed that cefuroxime, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ofloxacin and augmentin are viable antibiotics. Food products remain a potential interface in the transmission of Staphylococcus species and therefore there is constant need for the surveillance and subsequently recommendation on the good hygiene practice.

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