scholarly journals Role of Mentors in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Khot
Keyword(s):  
Academic Medicine ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mentoring Relationships ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Clinician Educators ◽  
Academic Recognition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unrealistic Expectations

A career in academic medicine may take years to develop, as the skills it requires are often not taught at an early stage. Having a committed mentor is always a privilege and valuable to the students in medicine. Given the wide variety of mentoring relationships, they are broadly classified as formal and informal according to the way in which the relationship is formed. Mentoring relationships usually evolve in stages to ensure competencies are met before the mentees progress to the next part of their mentoring process. “Mentoring up” is a concept that empowers mentees to be active participants in their mentoring relationships. Also, the mentoring needs vary depending on the stage of professional development. Mentors have 7 roles to perform in this relationship. Despite the advantages, the mentoring process faces the challenges like unrealistic expectations from the mentees, lack of training and time constraint among the clinician educators, and so on. The challenges can be overcome by building structured mentorship programs, by organizing the faculty development programs, use of virtual platforms to facilitate the meeting and providing the academic recognition/financial incentives to the mentors providing the exemplary service.

scholarly journals COVID-19 uncertainty and sleep: the roles of perceived stress and intolerance of uncertainty during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Tingzhong Yang ◽  
Daniel L. Hall ◽  
Guihua Jiao ◽  
Lixin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic brings unprecedented uncertainty and stress. This study aimed to characterize general sleep status among Chinese residents during the early stage of the outbreak and to explore the network relationship among COVID-19 uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty, perceived stress, and sleep status. Methods A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted online. A total of 2534 Chinese residents were surveyed from 30 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions of China and regions abroad during the period from February 7 to 14, 2020, the third week of lockdown. Final valid data from 2215 participants were analyzed. Self-report measures assessed uncertainty about COVID-19, intolerance of uncertainty, perceived stress, and general sleep status. Serial mediation analysis using the bootstrapping method and path analysis were applied to test the mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress in the relationship between uncertainty about COVID-19 and sleep status. Results The total score of sleep status was 4.82 (SD = 2.72). Age, place of residence, ethnicity, marital status, infection, and quarantine status were all significantly associated with general sleep status. Approximately half of participants (47.1%) reported going to bed after 12:00 am, 23.0% took 30 min or longer to fall asleep, and 30.3% slept a total of 7 h or less. Higher uncertainty about COVID-19 was significantly positively correlated with higher intolerance of uncertainty (r = 0.506, p < 0.001). The mediation analysis found a mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between COVID-19 uncertainty and general sleep status (β = 0.015, 95%C.I. = 0.009–0.021). However, IU was not a significant mediator of the relationship between COVID-19 uncertainty and sleep (β = 0.009, 95%C.I. = − 0.002–0.020). Moreover, results from the path analysis further showed uncertainty about COVID-19 had a weak direct effect on poor sleep (β = 0.043, p < 0.05); however, there was a robust indirect effect on poor sleep through intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress. Conclusions These findings suggest that intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress are critical factors in the relationship between COVID-19 uncertainty and sleep outcomes. Results are discussed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and practical policy implications are also provided.

scholarly journals Two Training-Load Paradoxes: Can We Work Harder and Smarter, Can Physical Preparation and Medical Be Teammates?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S2-50-S2-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Gabbett ◽  
Rod Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Physical Preparation

The authors have observed that in professional sporting organizations the staff responsible for physical preparation and medical care typically practice in relative isolation and display tension as regards their attitudes toward training-load prescription (much more and much less training, respectively). Recent evidence shows that relatively high chronic training loads, when they are appropriately reached, are associated with reduced injury risk and better performance. Understanding this link between performance and training loads removes this tension but requires a better understanding of the relationship between the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and its association with performance and injury. However, there remain many questions in the area of ACWR, and we are likely at an early stage of our understanding of these parameters and their interrelationships. This opinion paper explores these themes and makes recommendations for improving performance through better synergies in support-staff approaches. Furthermore, aspects of the ACWR that remain to be clarified—the role of shared decision making, risk:benefit estimation, and clearer accountability—are discussed.

scholarly journals Teachers Who Reflect, Teach Better: Reflective Practice at The Heart of Teachers’ Professional Development Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Zuraimi Zakaria ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Teaching Improvement ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Teachers Professional Development ◽  
The Relationship

While there is a significant amount of research and literature to explain the role of reflective practice in teaching, there is little research that reported the extent of such practice on classroom instructions and its spill effects on student learning outcomes. For this reason, this paper looks at the magnitude of reflective practice in shaping classroom instructions and how it facilitates for better student performance within the context of teachers’ professional development (PD) programs. Hence, the focus of the paper is two-fold: examining teachers’ PD programs that promoted reflective practice; and the relationship between reflective practice and student performance. The discussion on teachers’ reflective practice is timely. In particular, with the growing educational research and increasing body of evidence that pointed towards PD as having a significant influence on student achievement (Achinstein & Athanases, 2006; Fullan, 1990; Little, 2001). In addition, most PD efforts focused on teacher collaboration as a strategy for teaching improvement and eventually better academic performance of the students (Achinstein & Athanases, 2006). Many educators (Fendler, 2003; Loughran, 2002; Schon, 1983; Walkington, 2005) viewed reflective practice as situated at the heart of PD programs that sought teachers to examine their practice for improvement. This paper assists policy makers and education reformists in re-examining their PD efforts in targeting for variables that matter.

The addiction thought collective: How think tanks foster addiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miller ◽  
Claire Harkins ◽  
Matthias Schlögl ◽  
Brendan Montague
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Network Data ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Thought Collective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policy Elites

The rise of think tanks is a key development in the evolution of policy networks. The sheer scale and reach of think tanks is underappreciated: for example, the European Policy Institutes Network has a membership of at least 500 think tanks. In Europe, the conversation about the relationship between think tanks, new policy elites, and the politics of expertise is still at an early stage. Think tanks, however, are widely held to play a fundamental role in the politics of expertise in Brussels. In this chapter we first examine how think tanks appear in our network data and then review the activities and role of five central think tanks in the Brussels arena. Our data show that, empirically speaking, think tanks are an important and underappreciated element of the architecture of corporate policy action in relation to tobacco, alcohol, food, and gambling products.

Stage and histology influence the relationship between MDM2 promoter polymorphism and esophageal cancer and overall survival (OS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21047-21047
Author(s):  
H. J. Mackay ◽  
P. Bradbury ◽  
K. Asomaning ◽  
W. Zhou ◽  
M. Kulke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Mdm2 Snp309 ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
The Relationship

21047 Background: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter (SNP309) has been found to affect OS of advanced stage gastric adenocarcinoma (AD) and early stage squamous (SQ) cell carcinoma of the lung. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of this polymorphism in the prognosis of esophageal cancer, another aerodigestive cancer. Methods: 150 early stage (E) and 118 locally advanced stage (LA) esophageal cancers were genotyped for MDM2 SNP309 using Taqman. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: E disease: n=23 stage I; n=127 stage II. LA disease: n=93, Stage III; n=25, Stage IVA. AD comprised 215 (81%), while SQ comprised 45 (17%) of cases; 8 (3%) had poorly differentiated tumors. Median follow-up = 32 months. Median OS were 36 and 21 months for E and LA disease, respectively. Both histology and disease stage affected the relationship between SNP309 and esophageal cancer OS (see Table ). The wildtype T/T genotype conferred a worse OS in E patients (log-rank, p=0.03), especially those with AD (log-rank, p=0.003). In Cox proportional hazards interaction analyses, after adjusting for age, gender, stage and PS, there were statistically significant interactions between MDM2 SNP309 and disease stage (interaction p=0.004) and between MDM2 SNP309 and histologic subtype (AD vs. SQ)(interaction p=0.02). Thus, the direction of SNP309 association from our AD and E esophageal cancer patients are opposite to those of our SQ and LA esophageal cancer patients. However, our SQ and LA results are similar to the SQ lung cancer and advanced stage gastric cancers previously reported. This suggests that biologic mechanisms underpinning the prognostic role of SNP309 are dependent on extent of disease and histologic subtype. Conclusion: Histology and disease stage interact with the prognostic role of MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism in esophageal cancer OS. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Aggrecanase and Aggrecan Degradation in Osteoarthritis: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Huang ◽  
LD Wu
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Osteoarthritic Cartilage ◽  
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase ◽  
The Relationship

Aggrecanase-mediated aggrecan degradation is a significant event in early-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Aggrecanases belonging to the ‘A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs’ (ADAMTS) family of proteinases play a significant role in aggrecan depletion in osteoarthritic cartilage. There has been considerable interest in the possible role of these aggrecanases, especially ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, as therapeutic targets in OA. This article discusses recent data regarding ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 in OA, with emphasis on the relationship between aggrecanase and aggrecan degradation as well as the role of aggrecanase in OA.

Mentoring in Political Life: The Case of Willy Brandt

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kellerman
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Mentoring Relationships ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Willy Brandt ◽  
Actual Interaction ◽  
The Relationship

Mentoring relationships have a qualitative impact on the transition from early to middle adulthood, as well as on adult life itself. This paper proposes that the exploration of the role of mentors in the lives of political leaders will produce suggestive results. The study is a case history which examines the mentor in the early and later life of the adult male, here Willy Brandt. Brandt had two mentors: Julius Leber and Ernst Reuter. Reuter is briefly discussed but we focus here on the first of these, Leber, a prominent Social Democrat during the Weimar era and a legendary member of the German resistance. The essay describes the origins, nature and termination of the Brandt-Leber relationship. The influence of the mentor on the mentee transcended the period of their actual interaction and, as the paper procedes to demonstrate, the intensity of the relationship ensured that Brandt's self-image as Leber's heir continued to affect both professional and ideological choices.

scholarly journals Impact of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis in Non-Cirrhotic Stages of Liver Diseases: Similarities and Differences across Aetiologies and Possible Therapeutic Strategies

Biomedicines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Annalisa Cespiati ◽  
Marica Meroni ◽  
Rosa Lombardi ◽  
Giovanna Oberti ◽  
Paola Dongiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle strength, mass and function and it is a predictor of mortality. Sarcopenia is not only a geriatric disease, but it is related to several chronic conditions, including liver diseases in both its early and advanced stages. Despite the increasing number of studies exploring the role of sarcopenia in the early stages of chronic liver disease (CLD), its prevalence and the relationship between these two clinical entities are still controversial. Myosteatosis is characterized by fat accumulation in the muscles and it is related to advanced liver disease, although its role in the early stages is still under researched. Therefore, in this narrative review, we firstly aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and myosteatosis in the early stage of CLD across different aetiologies (mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver disease and viral hepatitis). Secondly, due to the increasing prevalence of sarcopenia worldwide, we aimed to revise the current and the future therapeutic approaches for the management of sarcopenia in CLD.

scholarly journals Ophthalmic markers of the diabetic polyneuropathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia I Krasavina ◽  
Sergey Yu Astakhov ◽  
Fedor E Shadrichev ◽  
Nikita Yu Dal
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ulcer Formation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Corneal Nerves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severity Degree

In the article, a world literature analysis is presented on the relationship between structural and functional changes of the retina and of the optic nerve and the diabetic polyneuropathy severity degree. Diabetic polyneuropathy is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus leading in many patients to ulcer formation and to foot amputation. Modern methods for neuropathy diagnosis either do not allow revealing early stage changes, or include invasive procedures. Ophthalmologists, involved in diabetic patients care, due to objective reasons focus on diabetic retinopathy. However, the evidence that the corneal nerves state is a marker of peripheral neuropathy suggests a new and very important role of the ophthalmologist in diabetic patient care. Several studies obtained promising results about structural and functional retinal changes could be found in diabetic patients before retinopathy start; this allows to suggest the neuropathy role at their origin.

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