scholarly journals Cellular Senescence and Their Role in Liver Metabolism in Health and Disease: Overview and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Schade ◽  
Jacqueline A Sanabria ◽  
Milad Modarresi ◽  
Bryan Gillon ◽  
Zach Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Liver Metabolism ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Proteoglycans in health and disease: emerging concepts and future directions

FEBS Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (19) ◽  
pp. 3863-3863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato V. Iozzo ◽  
Nikos Karamanos
Keyword(s):  
Future Directions ◽  
Health And Disease

Dynamics of the Preterm Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain C Cuna ◽  
Michael J Morowitz ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
Shahid Umar ◽  
Venkatesh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health And Disease

Advances in metagenomics have allowed a detailed study of the gut microbiome, and its role in human health and disease. Infants born prematurely possess a fragile gut microbial ecosystem that is vulnerable to perturbation. Alterations in the developing gut microbiome in preterm infants are linked to life-threatening diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late onset sepsis; and may impact future risk of asthma, atopy, obesity, and psychosocial disease. In this mini review, we summarize recent literature on the origins and patterns of development of the preterm gut microbiome in the perinatal period. The host-microbiome-environmental factors that portend development of dysbiotic intestinal microbial patterns associated with NEC and sepsis are reviewed. Strategies to manipulate the microbiome and mitigate dysbiosis, including the use of probiotics and prebiotics will also be discussed. Finally, we explore the challenges and future directions of gut microbiome research in preterm infants.

scholarly journals Towards Mass Spectrometry-Based Chemical Exposome: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchuan Xue ◽  
Yunjia Lai ◽  
Chih-Wei Liu ◽  
Hongyu Ru
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
High Throughput Data ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
High Throughput Data Analysis

The proposal of the “exposome” concept represents a shift of the research paradigm in studying exposure-disease relationships from an isolated and partial way to a systematic and agnostic approach. Nevertheless, exposome implementation is facing a variety of challenges including measurement techniques and data analysis. Here we focus on the chemical exposome, which refers to the mixtures of chemical pollutants people are exposed to from embryo onwards. We review the current chemical exposome measurement approaches with a focus on those based on the mass spectrometry. We further explore the strategies in implementing the concept of chemical exposome and discuss the available chemical exposome studies. Early progresses in the chemical exposome research are outlined, and major challenges are highlighted. In conclusion, efforts towards chemical exposome have only uncovered the tip of the iceberg, and further advancement in measurement techniques, computational tools, high-throughput data analysis, and standardization may allow more exciting discoveries concerning the role of exposome in human health and disease.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7693
Author(s):  
Dhanush Haspula ◽  
Michelle A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Made In

The identification of the human cannabinoid receptors and their roles in health and disease, has been one of the most significant biochemical and pharmacological advancements to have occurred in the past few decades. In spite of the major strides made in furthering endocannabinoid research, therapeutic exploitation of the endocannabinoid system has often been a challenging task. An impaired endocannabinoid tone often manifests as changes in expression and/or functions of type 1 and/or type 2 cannabinoid receptors. It becomes important to understand how alterations in cannabinoid receptor cellular signaling can lead to disruptions in major physiological and biological functions, as they are often associated with the pathogenesis of several neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review focusses mostly on the pathophysiological roles of type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, and it attempts to integrate both cellular and physiological functions of the cannabinoid receptors. Apart from an updated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies, the adequacy/inadequacy of cannabinoid-based therapeutics in various pathological conditions is also highlighted. Finally, alternative strategies to modulate endocannabinoid tone, and future directions are also emphasized.

scholarly journals The stress concept in gastroenterology: from Selye to today

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Elsenbruch ◽  
Paul Enck
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stress Research ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain

More than eighty years after Hans Selye (1907–1982) first developed a concept describing how different types of environmental stressors affect physiological functions and promote disease development (called the “general adaptation syndrome”) in 1936, we herein review advances in theoretical, mechanistic, and clinical knowledge in stress research, especially in the area of gastroenterology, and summarize progress and future perspectives arising from an interdisciplinary psychoneurobiological framework in which genetics, epigenetics, and other advanced (omics) technologies in the last decade continue to refine knowledge about how stress affects the brain-gut axis in health and gastrointestinal disease. We demonstrate that neurobiological stress research continues to be a driving force for scientific progress in gastroenterology and related clinical areas, inspiring translational research from animal models to clinical applications, while highlighting some areas that remain incompletely understood, such as the roles of sex/gender and gut microbiota in health and disease. Future directions of research should include not only the genetics of the stress response and resilience but also epigenetic contributions.

Major Life Events

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-26
Author(s):  
Scott M. Monroe ◽  
George M. Slavich
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Human Disorder

The purpose of the present chapter is to provide an overview of key issues involving the definition and assessment of major life events for researchers interested in the effects of life stress on a wide range of disorders. General conceptual and definitional issues are addressed initially, and a conceptual heuristic is proposed for guiding inquiry on major life stress and human disorder. This heuristic is drawn upon to develop principled practices for assessing, operationalizing, and finally quantifying major life events. Throughout the chapter, contemporary approaches for research on major life events are evaluated, their relative merits and shortcomings discussed, and their psychometric credentials formally compared. In closing, we consider future directions for research on major life events and their implications for health and disease.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS AND AGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S735-S735
Author(s):  
Andrea Baccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Environmental Epigenetics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract The human epigenome is a flexible, environmental sensitive component of human biology that changes over time. Multiple studies have identified prospective changes in epigenetic marks that indicate that the epigenome ages as we grow older. These changes have been leveraged to create multiple indicators of age that may also predict mortality and age-related disease. There is ongoing research to determine the extent to which age-related epigenomics changes are inherent to cell biology and/or driven by lifestyle and environmental factors. In this presentation, I will review the current evidence derived from human aging studies and potential contributions to human health and disease. I will discuss the source of data, methodological challenges for large human studies, limitations and possible future directions.

scholarly journals The common marmoset monkey: avenues for exploring the prenatal, placental, and postnatal mechanisms in developmental programming of pediatric obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (5) ◽  
pp. R684-R692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laren Riesche ◽  
Suzette D. Tardif ◽  
Corinna N. Ross ◽  
Victoria A. deMartelly ◽  
Toni Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Common

Animal models have been critical in building evidence that the prenatal experience and intrauterine environment are capable of exerting profound and permanent effects on metabolic health through developmental programming of obesity. However, despite physiological and evolutionary similarities, nonhuman primate models are relatively rare. The common marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that has been used as a biomedical model for well more than 50 years and has recently been framed as an appropriate model for exploring early-life impacts on later health and disease. The spontaneous, multifactorial, and early-life development of obesity in the common marmoset make it a valuable research model for advancing our knowledge about the role of the prenatal and placental mechanisms involved in developmental programming of obesity. This paper provides a brief overview of obesity in the common marmoset, followed by a discussion of marmoset reproduction and placental characteristics. We then discuss the occurrence and utility of variable intrauterine environments in developmental programming in marmosets. Evidence of developmental programming of obesity will be given, and finally, we put forward future directions and innovations for including the placenta in developmental programming of obesity in the common marmoset.

scholarly journals Pro-biomics: Omics Technologies To Unravel the Role of Probiotics in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Eugenia Kiousi ◽  
Marina Rathosi ◽  
Margaritis Tsifintaris ◽  
Pelagia Chondrou ◽  
Alex Galanis
Keyword(s):  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

ABSTRACT The comprehensive characterization of probiotic action has flourished during the past few decades, alongside the evolution of high-throughput, multiomics platforms. The integration of these platforms into probiotic animal and human studies has provided valuable insights into the holistic effects of probiotic supplementation on intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Indeed, these methodologies have informed about global molecular changes induced in the host and residing commensals at multiple levels, providing a bulk of metagenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. The meaningful interpretation of generated data remains a challenge; however, the maturation of the field of systems biology and artificial intelligence has supported analysis of results. In this review article, we present current literature on the use of multiomics approaches in probiotic studies, we discuss current trends in probiotic research, and examine the possibility of tailor-made probiotic supplementation. Lastly, we delve deeper into newer technologies that have been developed in the last few years, such as single-cell multiomics analyses, and provide future directions for the maximization of probiotic efficacy.

scholarly journals Targeting Cellular Senescence in Cancer, Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 742-742
Author(s):  
Daohong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Health And Disease
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