scholarly journals Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Xiaoyan Hui ◽  
Tianshi Feng
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Organ

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ

Obesity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 242S-249S ◽  
Author(s):  
Rexford S. Ahima
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Organ

scholarly journals Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. R77-R99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Luo ◽  
Meilian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand, adipose tissue stores energy in the form of lipid and controls the lipid mobilization and distribution in the body. On the other hand, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ and produces numerous bioactive factors such as adipokines that communicate with other organs and modulate a range of metabolic pathways. Moreover, brown and beige adipose tissue burn lipid by dissipating energy in the form of heat to maintain euthermia, and have been considered as a new way to counteract obesity. Therefore, adipose tissue dysfunction plays a prominent role in the development of obesity and its related disorders such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings of adipose tissue in the control of metabolism, focusing on its endocrine and thermogenic function.

scholarly journals Generation of immune cell containing adipose organoids for in vitro analysis of immune metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Taylor ◽  
Julia Sellin ◽  
Lars Kuerschner ◽  
Lennart Krähl ◽  
Yasmin Majlesain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAdipose tissue is an organized endocrine organ with important metabolic and immunological functions and immune cell-adipocyte crosstalk is known to drive various disease pathologies. Suitable 3D adipose tissue organoid models often lack resident immune cell populations and therefore require the addition of immune cells isolated from other organs. We have created the first 3D adipose tissue organoid model which could contain and maintain resident immune cell populations of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and proved to be effective in studying adipose tissue biology in a convenient manner. Macrophage and mast cell populations were successfully confirmed within our organoid model and were maintained in culture without the addition of growth factors. We demonstrated the suitability of our model for monitoring the lipidome during adipocyte differentiation in vitro and confirmed that this model reflects the physiological lipidome better than standard 2D cultures. In addition, we applied mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to track lipidomic changes in the lipidome upon dietary and immunomodulatory interventions. We conclude that this model represents a valuable tool for immune-metabolic research.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue-Derived Signatures for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adipokines, Batokines and MicroRNAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Woo Lee ◽  
Mihye Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Jin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Exosomal Mirna

Obesity is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is closely related to metabolic disturbances in the adipose tissue that primarily functions as a fat reservoir. For this reason, adipose tissue is considered as the primary site for initiation and aggravation of obesity and T2DM. As a key endocrine organ, the adipose tissue communicates with other organs, such as the brain, liver, muscle, and pancreas, for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Two different types of adipose tissues—the white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT)—secrete bioactive peptides and proteins, known as “adipokines” and “batokines,” respectively. Some of them have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, while others have harmful inflammatory effects. Recently, “exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)” were identified as novel adipokines, as adipose tissue-derived exosomal miRNAs can affect other organs. In the present review, we discuss the role of adipose-derived secretory factors—adipokines, batokines, and exosomal miRNA—in obesity and T2DM. It will provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in disturbances of adipose-derived factors and will support the development of adipose-derived factors as potential therapeutic targets for obesity and T2DM.

scholarly journals Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Is an Endocrine Organ that Contributes to Increased Circulating Adiponectin during Caloric Restriction

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Cawthorn ◽  
Erica L. Scheller ◽  
Brian S. Learman ◽  
Sebastian D. Parlee ◽  
Becky R. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue ◽  
Marrow Adipose Tissue

Adiponectin in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Mado ◽  
Wioletta Szczurek ◽  
Mariusz Gąsior ◽  
Bożena Szyguła-Jurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Heart Failure Progression ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The adipose tissue, apart from storing energy, plays a role of an endocrine organ. One of the most important adipokines secreted by adipose tissue is adiponectin, which is also produced by cardiomyocytes and connective tissue cells within the heart. Adiponectin is known for its beneficial effect on the metabolism and cardiovascular system and its low level is a factor of development of many cardiovascular diseases. Paradoxically, in the course of heart failure, adiponectin level gradually increases with the severity of the disease and higher adiponectin level is a factor of poor prognosis. As a result, there is a growing interest in adiponectin as a marker of heart failure progression and a predictor of prognosis in the course of this disease.

scholarly journals Hormonal signaling factors produced by brown adipose tissue as regulators of metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids

Bionatura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 879-882
Author(s):  
Francisco Santacruz-Hidalgo ◽  
Eliana Viscarra-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Brown adipose tissue is one of the principal generators of heat in the body; due to the activation of many hormones and receptors, it takes a fundamental role in thermogenesis. However recent studies have proved that this is not its only function. Brown adipose tissue could also act as an endocrine organ, which means that it releases chemical substances to the blood and regulate some activities in the organism. This cell communication process is momentous, since allowing cells to exchange physicochemical information with the environment and other cells in the body could be a relevant field of study in treatments of obesity, diabetes and other diseases related with body weight. This paper offers an overview of different transcriptional factors, endocrine regulation and therapeutic applications of the brown fat tissue, and also the distinctions that it has with white adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Mechanisms linking adipose tissue inflammation to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2329-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Anthony ◽  
Adrienne R. Guarnieri ◽  
Anamarie Gozdiff ◽  
Robert N. Helsley ◽  
Albert Phillip Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Adipose tissue is classically recognized as the primary site of lipid storage, but in recent years has garnered appreciation for its broad role as an endocrine organ comprising multiple cell types whose collective secretome, termed as adipokines, is highly interdependent on metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory state. Anatomical location (e.g. visceral, subcutaneous, epicardial etc) and cellular composition of adipose tissue (e.g. white, beige, and brown adipocytes, macrophages etc.) also plays a critical role in determining its response to metabolic state, the resulting secretome, and its potential impact on remote tissues. Compared with other tissues, the heart has an extremely high and constant demand for energy generation, of which most is derived from oxidation of fatty acids. Availability of this fatty acid fuel source is dependent on adipose tissue, but evidence is mounting that adipose tissue plays a much broader role in cardiovascular physiology. In this review, we discuss the impact of the brown, subcutaneous, and visceral white, perivascular (PVAT), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) secretome on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a particular focus on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.

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