Fabrication of Ordered and High-Performance Nanostructured Photoelectrocatalysts by Electrochemical Anodization: Influence of Hydrodynamic Conditions

This study investigates the relationship between sediment contamination and hydrodynamic conditions in the Gaeta Gulf (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), an anthropogenically impacted and sheltered coastal area. The pollution levels, potential toxicity, and ecological risk of trace metals were analysed in 16 sediment sampling sites using Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the Adverse Effect Index (AEI), and the Mean ERM Quotient (m-ERM-Q). The bottom shear stress of the study area, evaluated using an annual simulation of a 3D numerical model, was used to calculate a new Sediment Mobilisation Index (SMI) that detects the coastal zones where a low probability of sediment resuspension occurs. As, Ni, and Cu concentrations exceeded the Threshold Effects Level (TEL) guideline value and AEI limit in several sampling sites, indicating their ability to produce adverse effects on biota. Moreover m-ERM-Q showed the highest values of potential ecological risk in most of the sampling sites located in the inner part of the Gulf of Gaeta. In this area, the highest SMI values were also identified, demonstrating that there is a tight relationship between the two indexes (R2 = 0.8214). The application of SMI in sheltered areas will help achieve high performance of monitoring and hazard assessment tools through obtaining predictable responses on hotspot identification.

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Preparation of Well-Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays by Electrochemical Anodization of Titanium Foil in Neutral Electrolytes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2047 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 233-235 ◽

pp. 2047-2050

Author(s):

Chao Wang ◽

Da Chen ◽

Shu Liu ◽

Xia Ni Huang ◽

Yue Xiang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Band Gap ◽

High Performance ◽

Diffuse Reflectance ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Titanium Foil ◽

Electrochemical Anodization ◽

Nanotube Arrays

To obtain high performance TiO2nanotube arrays (TNAs)-based material is interesting because of its wide applications in photocatalysis field such as solar energy conversion, photocatalysis and sensors. In the present work, the well-ordered TNAs were prepared by electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in the SO42−/F−based electrolyte under 20 V for 2 h during which the Ti foil and Pt wire were used as anode and cathode, respectively. The FESEM results showed that the as-obtained TNAs were well-aligned on Ti substrate with ~ 1.5 μm in length and ~ 100 nm pore in diameter. The XRD results indicated that the as-formed TNAs was in the form of amorphous and could be transformed into crystalline anatase phase under the heat treatment at 450 °C. Meanwhile, the UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra demonstrated that the band-gap of the obtained TNAs was narrower than the commercial TiO2nanoparticles, indicating a better photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared TNAs over the commercial TiO2nanoparticles.

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High–performance 3D CuO/Cu flowers supercapacitor electrodes by femtosecond laser enhanced electrochemical anodization

Electrochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 293 ◽

pp. 273-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Suocheng Wang ◽

Jie Hu ◽

Lan Jiang ◽

Xin Li ◽

Jing Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femtosecond Laser ◽

High Performance ◽

Electrochemical Anodization

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Ni/CdS/TiO2 nanotube array heterostructures for high performance photoelectrochemical biosensing

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c4ta07190e ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

pp. 5882-5888 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Huanhuan Huo ◽

Zhaodong Xu ◽

Ting Zhang ◽

Cailing Xu

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Tio2 Nanotube ◽

Electrochemical Anodization ◽

Tio2 Nanotube Array ◽

Nanotube Array ◽

Array Electrode

A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing platform was constructed based on a ternary hybrid Ni/CdS/TiO2 nanotube array electrode, which was fabricated by the combination of electrochemical anodization and electrodeposition.

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TiO2 Nanostructures for Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9040583 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 583 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joan Borràs-Ferrís ◽

Rita Sánchez-Tovar ◽

Encarnación Blasco-Tamarit ◽

Maria José Muñoz-Portero ◽

Ramón M. Fernández-Domene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tio2 Nanotubes ◽

Degradation Mechanism ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Reynolds Numbers ◽

Electrochemical Anodization ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽

Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation

Advanced oxidation processes driven by renewable energy sources are gaining attention in degrading organic pollutants in waste waters in an efficient and sustainable way. The present work is focused on a study of TiO2 nanotubes as photocatalysts for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of acetaminophen (AMP) at different pH (3, 7, and 9). In particular, different TiO2 photocatalysts were synthetized by stirring the electrode at different Reynolds numbers (Res) during electrochemical anodization. The morphology of the photocatalysts and their crystalline structure were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Raman confocal laser microscopy (RCLM). These analyses revealed that anatase TiO2 nanotubes were obtained after anodization. In addition, photocurrent densities versus potential curves were performed in order to characterize the electrochemical properties of the photocatalysts. These results showed that increasing the Re during anodization led to an enhancement in the obtained photocurrents, since under hydrodynamic conditions part of the initiation layer formed over the tubes was removed. PEC degradation of acetaminophen was followed by ultraviolet-visible absorbance measurements and chemical oxygen demand tests. As drug mineralization was the most important issue, total organic carbon measurements were also carried out. The statistical significance analysis established that acetaminophen PEC degradation improved as hydrodynamic conditions linearly increased in the studied range (Re from 0 to 600). Additionally, acetaminophen conversion had a quadratic behavior with respect to the reaction pH, where the maximum conversion value was reached at pH 3. However, in this case, the diversity of the byproducts increased due to a different PEC degradation mechanism.

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A High Performance Energy Analyzer for Use in Electron Scanning Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061975 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 14-15

Author(s):

A. V. Crewe ◽

M. Isaacson ◽

D. Johnson

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Vertical Plane ◽

Median Plane ◽

Electron Gun ◽

Uniform Field ◽

Loss Mechanism ◽

Electron Scanning Microscopy ◽

Sector Type ◽

Double Focusing ◽

Electron Energy Loss

A double focusing magnetic spectrometer has been constructed for use with a field emission electron gun scanning microscope in order to study the electron energy loss mechanism in thin specimens. It is of the uniform field sector type with curved pole pieces. The shape of the pole pieces is determined by requiring that all particles be focused to a point at the image slit (point 1). The resultant shape gives perfect focusing in the median plane (Fig. 1) and first order focusing in the vertical plane (Fig. 2).

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Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100077967 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 68-69

Author(s):

N. Yoshimura ◽

K. Shirota ◽

T. Etoh

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Speed ◽

High Performance ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Vacuum System ◽

Pump System ◽

Pumping System ◽

Diffusion Pump ◽

Almost All ◽

Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

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Use of the Magnetostatic Analogue In Electromagnetic Lens Engineering

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068795 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 360-361

Author(s):

John W. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

High Performance ◽

Force Fields ◽

Optical Design ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Design Engineering ◽

Design Data ◽

Scalar Potentials ◽

Geometric Elements ◽

At Will

In the design engineering of high performance electromagnetic lenses, the direct conversion of electron optical design data into drawings for reliable hardware is oftentimes difficult, especially in terms of how to mount parts to each other, how to tolerance dimensions, and how to specify finishes. An answer to this is in the use of magnetostatic analytics, corresponding to boundary conditions for the optical design. With such models, the magnetostatic force on a test pole along the axis may be examined, and in this way one may obtain priority listings for holding dimensions, relieving stresses, etc..The development of magnetostatic models most easily proceeds from the derivation of scalar potentials of separate geometric elements. These potentials can then be conbined at will because of the superposition characteristic of conservative force fields.

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Prospects for convergent beam electron diffraction with a 200kV cold field-emission transmission electron microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100086635 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 466-467

Author(s):

J W Steeds ◽

R Vincent

Keyword(s):

Field Emission ◽

High Performance ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction ◽

Zone Axis ◽

Medium Voltage ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Good Crystallinity ◽

Special Modification ◽

Convergent Beam

We review the analytical powers which will become more widely available as medium voltage (200-300kV) TEMs with facilities for CBED on a nanometre scale come onto the market. Of course, high performance cold field emission STEMs have now been in operation for about twenty years, but it is only in relatively few laboratories that special modification has permitted the performance of CBED experiments. Most notable amongst these pioneering projects is the work in Arizona by Cowley and Spence and, more recently, that in Cambridge by Rodenburg and McMullan.There are a large number of potential advantages of a high intensity, small diameter, focussed probe. We discuss first the advantages for probes larger than the projected unit cell of the crystal under investigation. In this situation we are able to perform CBED on local regions of good crystallinity. Zone axis patterns often contain information which is very sensitive to thickness changes as small as 5nm. In conventional CBED, with a lOnm source, it is very likely that the information will be degraded by thickness averaging within the illuminated area.

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