scholarly journals Thoracic Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in the Millennial Era

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onix J. Cantres-Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
General Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
Infectious Organism

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most pathogenic infectious organisms, usually known for causing cavitary lung infection. But this mycobacterium is also capable of causing masked involvement in any organ of the body. Its clinical manifestation can mimic other conditions according to the organ affected. Extrapulmonary infection is defined as any manifestation caused by tuberculosis in tissues outside the airway or the pulmonary parenchyma. Despite it being a well-known infectious organism throughout decades, tuberculosis continues to be causing great morbidity and mortality in this millennium. This chapter will discuss the clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), when the mycobacteria invade extrapulmonary tissues inside the thorax. We discuss and review the literature about the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and evaluation, and general treatment.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv C. Michael ◽  
Joy S. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Important Form

Tuberculosis affects all tissues of the body, although some more commonly than the others. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common type of tuberculosis accounting for approximately 80% of the tuberculosis cases. Tuberculosis of the otorhinolaryngeal region is one of the rarer forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis but still poses a significant clinical and diagnostic challenge. Over three years, only five out of 121 patients suspected to have tuberculosis of the otorhinolaryngeal region (cervical adenitis excluded) hadMycobacterium tuberculosisculture-proven disease. Additional 7 had histology-proven tuberculosis. Only one patient had concomitant sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. We look at the various clinical and laboratory aspects of tuberculosis of the otorhinolaryngeal region that would help to diagnose this uncommon but important form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Gambaran pH urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satrio Z. Tuah ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Mayer F. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Consecutive Sampling

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with several clinical manifestations and treatment with nephrotoxic drug regimen. This situation affects the kidney function to maintain acid-base balance of the body through urine excretion. This study aim to describe urine pH in adult tuberculosis patients in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an observational descriptive study with samples taken by non-probability sampling, consecutive sampling types to get the urine of all tuberculosis adult patients with specified period and criteria. From 30 adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are inpatient and outpatient, showed the average pH of the urine in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis without comorbidities was 6.2 and in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with comorbidities was 6.4. Conclusion: The urine pH in adult pulmonary tuberculosis in RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado with or without comorbidities are normal.Keywords: urine pH, urinalysis, tuberculosis. Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi kronik menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis dengan beragam manifestasi klinis dan pengobatan yang menggunakan resimen obat nefrotoksik. Keadaan ini mempengaruhi ginjal dalam fungsinya untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan asam-basa tubuh melalui ekskresi urin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pH urin pada pasien tuberkulosis dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif observasional dan sampel diambil dengan cara non-probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling untuk mendapatkan urin dari semua pasien tuberkulosis dewasa dalam kurun waktu dan kriteria yang ditentukan. Dari 30 pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa rawat inap dan rawat jalan, menunjukkan rerata pH urin pada pasien tuberkulosis paru tanpa penyakit penyerta adalah 6,2 dan pada pasien tuberkulosis paru dengan penyakit penyerta adalah 6,4. Simpulan: Gambaran pH urin pada penyakit tuberkulosis paru dewasa di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dengan atau tanpa penyakit penyerta adalah normal. Kata kunci: pH urin, urinalisis, tuberkulosis

scholarly journals Pulmonary and testicular tuberculosis in one patient caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with different genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Yuanbo Lan ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
The Body ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
And Control

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounted for 14% of 6.4 million cases of TB that were reported to WHO in 2017, and genitourinary TB (GUTB) is the second most common type of EPTB. The most common site of GUTB is the kidneys and testicular TB is relatively rare. The case of one patient with pulmonary and testicular TB caused separately by two different genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is further rare. Here, we present an unusual case of TB in which pulmonary TB (PTB) and testicular TB were caused by Mtb isolates with two different genotypes in a 91-year-old male patient from Zunyi, Guizhou Province of China. A better understanding of the mechanism by which a small number of tubercle bacilli are spread from the primary site of PTB to more distant parts/organs of the body, and what factors determine the potential EPTB site will provide us with new ways to prevent and control EPTB infections.

scholarly journals Novel Assay Platform to Evaluate Intracellular Killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kata Horváti ◽  
Kinga Fodor ◽  
Bernadett Pályi ◽  
Judit Henczkó ◽  
Gyula Balka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intracellular Killing ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Intracellular Form

One of the main hallmarks of tuberculosis (TB) is the ability of the causative agent to transform into a stage of dormancy and the capability of long persistence in the host phagocytes. It is believed that approximately one-third of the population of the world is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and 5%–10% of these individuals can develop clinical manifestations of active TB even decades after the initial infection. In this latent, intracellular form, the bacillus is shielded by an extremely robust cell wall and becomes phenotypically resistant to most antituberculars. Therefore, there is a clear rationale to develop novel compounds or carrier-conjugated constructs of existing drugs that are effective against the intracellular form of the bacilli. In this paper, we describe an experimental road map to define optimal candidates against intracellular Mtb and potential compounds effective in the therapy of latent TB. To validate our approach, isoniazid, a first-line antitubercular drug was employed, which is active against extracellular Mtb in the submicromolar range, but ineffective against the intracellular form of the bacteria. Cationic peptide conjugates of isoniazid were synthesized and employed to study the host-directed drug delivery. To measure the intracellular killing activity of the compounds, Mtb-infected MonoMac-6 human monocytic cells were utilized. We have assessed the antitubercular activity, cytotoxicity, membrane interactions in combination with internalization efficacy, localization, and penetration ability on interface and tissue-mimicking 3D models. Based on these in vitro data, most active compounds were further evaluated in vivo in a murine model of TB. Intraperitoneal infectious route was employed to induce a course of slowly progressive and systemic disease. The well-being of the animals, monitored by the body weight, allows a prolonged experimental setup and provides a great opportunity to test the long-term activity of the drug candidates. Having shown the great potency of this simple and suitable experimental design for antimicrobial research, the proposed novel assay platform could be used in the future to develop further innovative and highly effective antituberculars.

Clinical, morphological and biochemical signs of polymycotoxicosis in highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Irina A. Shkuratova ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila I. Drozdova ◽  
Aleksander I. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Mycotoxicological monitoring of forages shows that the problem of mycotoxicosis has been relevant for several decades. Minimal doses of mycotoxins in feed lead to a decrease in milk productivity, increased sensitivity to infectious and non-infectious diseases. When several mycotoxins enter the body simultaneously, a synergistic effect develops, causing a significant increase in toxicity. Feed contaminated with several types of fungi and their toxins is dangerous for dairy cattle. It was found that the feed mixture contained the types of associations of Aspergillus spp. fungi + Fusarium; Aspergillus spp. + Penicillium spp. + Mucor spp; Fusarium + Penicillium; Mucor spp. + Fusarium + Ustilaginales. Pathogenetic features of metabolic and morphological changes in highly productive cows with polymycotoxicosis were studied. Feeding food contaminated with various metabolites of mold fungi leads to the development of signs of chronic toxemia in animals. Clinical manifestations are the development of diarrhea and dehydration, with a decrease in milk productivity. Metabolic disorders feature the development of an inflammatory process, metabolic acidosis, hyperfermentonemia, with an increase in the amount of creatinine and urea in the blood serum. Metabolic signs indicate the development of hepatorenal syndrome due to structural disorders of the liver and kidneys. Histological signs of polymicotoxicosis are intracapillary and hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, hepatocyte micronecrosis, and proliferation of connective tissue stroma cells, which leads to the development of atrophic cirrhosis in the interstitial and circular phases.

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE INTESTINES OF POULTRY DURING FODDER INTOXICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Dolgov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Abramov ◽  
E.V. Kuzminova ◽  
E.V. Rogaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Beet Pulp

The article presents the data on the study of the influence of mycotoxins combination (T-2 toxin at the concentration of 0.095 mg/kg and aflatoxin B1 in the concentration of 0.019 mg/kg) on the body of quails and the results of pharmacocorrection of toxicosis with a complex consisting of beet pulp and lecithin. Structural changes in the intestines of quais at fodder mycotoxicosis are described. The use of antitoxic feed additives in poultry led to a weakening of the action of xenobiotics, which was confirmed by an increase in the safety of poultry and increase in body weight of quails, a decrease in the clinical manifestations of intoxication, as well as in positive changes in the structure of the intestine of the poultry during histological examination.

Acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy in a patient with thymoma, myasthenia gravis, and polymyositis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199404
Author(s):  
He Yu ◽  
Xinyu Ma ◽  
Nianting Tong ◽  
Zhanyu Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant

Importance: This is the first reported case of acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM) in a patient with thymoma, accompanied by myasthenia gravis (MG) and polymyositis. Objective: To examine the pathogenesis of ocular disease in a patient with yolk-like fundus lesions and thymoma, MG, and polymyositis throughout the body based on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and genetic testing to determine the appropriate treatment course. Design, setting, and participants: We describe a 63-year-old woman who presented to our tertiary medical center with a 3-month history of reduced visual acuity in both eyes. Concurrent fundoscopy revealed a 2.0 × 1.7-mm, unifocal, yellow, round vitelliform lesion in the macular region, surrounded by multifocal, shallow, yellow-white pockets of subretinal fluid. The patient’s medical history included thymoma with thymectomy treatment, combined with pericardiectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (20 years prior), followed by a diagnosis of MG with suspect thymic association (15 years prior). Three years prior, the patient had been diagnosed with polymyositis related to paraneoplastic syndrome; 1 year prior, she had been examined for pleural thickening due to suspected metastatic tumor. Results: On her most recent follow-up visit at 3 months after initial diagnosis, the patient was stable with no clinically significant progression in ocular or systemic conditions.

scholarly journals Excited delirium syndrome from psychostimulant abuse can mimic a violent scene of death

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatishraj Jothee ◽  
Mohamed Swarhib Shafie ◽  
Faridah Mohd Nor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Excited Delirium ◽  
The Common ◽  
Violent Scene ◽  
Naked Body ◽  
Psychostimulant Abuse

Abstract Background Previous reported cases on excited delirium syndrome studied on the common clinical manifestations of the syndrome. The usual forensics implication for the syndrome is that death commonly is associated with restraint procedures by law enforcement agencies; however, not many cases reported highlights the difficulties in attributing a violent scene of death to the syndrome. Case presentation We present a case of a partially naked body found in an apartment unit under suspicious circumstances with multiple injuries. The scene of death was violent, and the body was found with blood wiped all over the floor and walls. Investigators believed a violent crime had occurred, and a suspect was reprimanded. However, upon autopsy, it was found that all injuries were superficially inflicted and were unlikely to have been part of an act of commission or caused his death. Internal examination found no remarkable pathology. Toxicology revealed a presence of psychostimulants, that is, methamphetamine, MDMA, and ethyl alcohol. Reconstruction of events by the witness, who was initially suspected of the ‘murder’, revealed that the injuries and his death could likely be explained by an episode of excited delirium. Conclusion The case highlights the challenges faced when attributing excited delirium syndrome as a cause of death. The syndrome can present with injuries from aggressive or bizarre behaviour, coupled with the destruction of property, which may confuse investigators on the possible manner of death.

Preeclampsia Part 2: fisiopatologia e trattamento

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Stefano Michelassi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Maternal Risks ◽  
New Onset

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder usually defined as new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. Preeclampsia is a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement, and it is associated with a high risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. To date its pathogenesis is not completely understood, but placental hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxigenation may be the basic condition leading to systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that induce all the clinical manifestations of the disorder. Delivery is the only curative treatment. Indeed, for the management of preeclampsia one needs to consider both the maternal risks due to continued pregnancy and the fetal risks associated with induced preterm delivery.

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