scholarly journals Morpho-Physiological Mechanisms of Maize for Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Sayeed Md. Hasibuzzaman ◽  
Farzana Akter ◽  
Shamim Ara Bagum ◽  
Nilima Hossain ◽  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Maize is one of the mostly consumed grains in the world. It possesses a greater potentiality of being an alternative to rice and wheat in the near future. In field condition, maize encounters abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, water logging, cold, heat, etc. Physiology and production of maize are largely affected by drought. Drought has become a prime cause of agricultural disaster because of the major occurrence records of the last few decades. It leads to immense losses in plant growth (plant height and stem), water relations (relative water content), gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate), and nutrient levels in maize. To mitigate the effect of stress, plant retreats by using multiple morphological, molecular, and physiological mechanisms. Maize alters its physiological processes like photosynthesis, oxidoreductase activities, carbohydrate metabolism, nutrient metabolism, and other drought-responsive pathways in response to drought. Synthesis of some chemicals like proline, abscisic acid (ABA), different phenolic compounds, etc. helps to fight against stress. Inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can result to the gene expression involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid which also helps to resist drought. Moreover, adaptation to drought and heat stress is positively influenced by the activity of chaperone proteins and proteases, protein that responds to ethylene and ripening. Some modifications generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 are able to improve maize yield in drought. Forward and reverse genetics and functional and comparative genomics are being implemented now to overcome stress conditions like drought. Maize response to drought is a multifarious physiological and biochemical process. Applying data synthesis approach, this study aims toward better demonstration of its consequences to provide critical information on maize tolerance along with minimizing yield loss.

scholarly journals Use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Combination with Chitosan on Maize Crop: Promising Prospects for Sustainable, Environmentally Friendly Agriculture and against Abiotic Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2205
Author(s):  
Nadège Agbodjato ◽  
Toussaint Mikpon ◽  
Olubukola Babalola ◽  
Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon ◽  
Olaréwadjou Amogou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Faced with the problems posed by the abusive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it is important to find other alternatives that can guarantee a sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of a PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) Pseudomonas putida strain to different abiotic stress in in vitro conditions and the synergistic effect of this rhizobacterium in combination with chitosan extracted from crab exoskeletons on the growth of maize in greenhouse conditions. The strain of P. putida was put in culture at different temperatures, pH, and NaCl concentrations to determine its growth. Then, this strain in combination with chitosan extracts were tested for their ability to improve maize growth for 30 days. The results showed that the P. putida strain showed excellent resistance capacities to different salt concentrations, pH, and temperature variations. Moreover, an improvement in plant growth and biomass yield parameters was observed. The highest values of height, diameter, and leaf area were obtained with the plants treated with the combination of chitosan extracted from Cardisoma armatum and P. putida, with increases of 26.8%, 31%, and 55.7%, respectively, compared to the control. This study shows the possibility of using chitosan and rhizobacteria as biostimulants to improve productivity and increase maize yield in a sustainable manner.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on the Content of Abscisic Acid and Salt Resistance of Wheat Plants

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Tatiana Arkhipova ◽  
Elena Martynenko ◽  
Guzel Sharipova ◽  
Ludmila Kuzmina ◽  
Igor Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Mandelii ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Beneficial Response ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Although salinity inhibits plant growth, application of appropriate rhizosphere bacteria can diminish this negative effect. We studied one possible mechanism that may underlie this beneficial response. Wheat plants were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis IB-22 and Pseudomonas mandelii IB-Ki14 and their consequences for growth, water relations, and concentrations of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were followed in the presence of soil salinity. Salinity alone increased ABA concentration in wheat leaves and roots and this was associated with decreased stomatal conductance, but also with chlorophyll loss. Bacterial treatment raised ABA concentrations in roots, suppressed accumulation of leaf ABA, decreased chlorophyll loss, and promoted leaf area and transpiration. However, water balance was maintained due to increased water uptake by inoculated plants, brought about in part by a larger root system. The effect may be the outcome of ABA action since the hormone is known to maintain root extension in stressed plants. Root ABA concentration was highest in salt-stressed plants inoculated with B. subtilis and this contributed to greater root hydraulic conductivity. We conclude that bacteria can raise salt resistance in wheat by increasing root ABA, resulting in larger root systems that can also possess enhanced hydraulic conductivity thereby supporting better-hydrated leaves.

scholarly journals Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria alleviates drought stress in potato in response to suppressive oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahira Batool ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Naima Huma Naveed ◽  
Aamir Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Abstract Maintenance of plant physiological functions under drought stress is normally considered a positive feature as it indicates sustained plant health and growth. This study was conducted to investigate whether plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis HAS31 has potential to maintain potato growth and yield under drought stress. We analyzed trends of chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis process, relative water content, osmolytes, antioxidants enzymes and oxidative stress, relative growth rate, tuber and aboveground biomass production in two potato varieties, Santae (drought-tolerant) and PRI-Red (drought-sensitive). Plants of both genotypes were treated with 100 g of HAS31 inoculant at 10 days after germination and exposed to different soil relative water contents (SRWC), including 80 ± 5% (well watered), 60 ± 5% (moderate stress) and 40 ± 5% SRWC (severe stress) for 7 days at tuber initiation stage (30 days after germination). The drought stress reduced plant relative growth rate, biomass production, leaf area, number of leaves and tubers, tuber weight, and final yield. The drought-stressed plants showed decline in chlorophyll contents, membrane stability, leaf relative water contents and photosynthetic rate. Under drought stress, enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of total soluble sugars, soluble proteins and proline increased. The application of PGPR reduced the impact of drought and maintained higher growth and physio-chemical traits of the plants. The plants with PGPR application showed higher relative growth rate, dry matter production, leaf area, number of tubers, tuber weight and yield as compared to plants without PGPR. The PGPR-HAS31 treated plants maintained higher photosynthetic process, contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, and enzymatic activities of CAT, POD and SOD as compared to plants without PGPR. The results of the study suggest that plant growth regulators have ability to sustain growth and yield of potato under drought stress by maintaining physiological functions of the plants.

Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and water stress on phytohormones and polyamines of soybean

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Zahedi ◽  
Samira Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Soybean Plants

The effect of inoculation of three plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that is <italic>Rhizobium japonicum</italic>, <italic>Azotobacter chroococcum</italic> and <italic>Azospirillum brasilense</italic> and mixture of them on phytohormones and polyamines of soybean under different irrigation regimes was investigated. Drought stress induced by irrigation withholding until 40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from evaporation pan. However seed bacterization of soybean was accompanied with 20 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> nitrogen. In addition, 20 and 100 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> nitrogen were considered as control treatments. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased cytokinin, gibberellin and auxin accumulation in plant tissues. By contrast, drought stress led to increase in abscisic acid accumulation in soybean plants. Polyamines that are putrescine and spermidine increased due to drought stress and then decreased under severe drought stress. PGPR application had positive effect on growth promoting phytohormones compared to control treatment. However the highest accumulation of cytokinin, gibberellin and auxin was related to 100 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> nitrogen treatment. In case of abscisic acid PGPR application decreased its accumulation. Asignificant decrease as observed on polyamines accumulation when PGPRs were applied on stressed soybean plants.

Aplikasi Bacillus subtilis pada beberapa Bahan Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani ◽  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Nurul Fima Zahroh
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Mikroba Bacillus subtilis merupakan agen pengendali hayati mempunyai kelebihan sebagai Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) yaitu dapat berfungsi sebagai biofertilizer, biostimulan, biodekomposer dan bioprotektan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui potensi B. subtilis dalam merombak bahan organik sebagai usaha meningkatkan ketersediaan bahan organik tanah yang semakin menurun. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan berbagai  bahan organik sebagai petak utama (B0 = tanpa bahan organik, B1 = kotoran ayam,  B2 = kotoran kambing, B3 = kotoran sapi) dan aplikasi B.subtilis sebagai anak petak (A0 = 0 cc/L, A1 = 5cc/L, A2 = 10 cc/L, Pengamatan meliputi variabel tinggi tanaman, indeks luas daun, jumlah buah per tanaman, berat buah per tanaman, dan bahan organik tanah. Data pengamatan  dianalisis ragam  menggunakan  Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) versi 25 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan untuk mengetahui signifikansi perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi antara bahan organik kotoran ternak dan konsentrasi B. subtilis terhadap semua variabel pengamatan. Potensi B. subtilis sangat baik dalam mendekomposisi bahan organik yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan bahan organik, dan hasil terbaik pada kotoran  sapi (B3) dan konsentrasi B. subtilis 15 mL/L masing-masing sebesar 46.47 % dan 34.76 %. Variabel pertumbuhan tidak berbeda nyata kecuali tinggi tanaman dengan pertambahan tinggi paling banyak pada pemberian kotoran kambing sebesar 170.69 %.

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