scholarly journals Effects of Earthquakes on Buildings in the Ibero-Maghrebian Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Aparicio Florido
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Lorca Earthquake ◽  
Similar Construction ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Al Hoceima

The types of damage caused by earthquakes in buildings are closely related to the design and building techniques with which they have been built and the quality of the construction materials used. Most of countries with moderate to high seismic risk areas have implemented earthquake-resistant standards to prevent the collapse of buildings and minimize the severity of the damage. However, every new strong shake that occurs around the world reveals bad construction practices that could have been avoided, and the inadequacy or non-existence of earthquake-resistant standards aimed at reducing vulnerability to non-catastrophic levels. Based on the EMS-98 scale, in this chapter we will analyze three case studies of the Ibero-Maghrebian region that have been using similar construction patterns with similar catastrophic results for buildings despite the different dates in which they occurred and the different earthquake-resistant standards: SW Cape St. Vincent earthquake of February 28, 1969; Al Hoceima earthquake of February 24, 2004; and Lorca earthquake of May 11, 2011.

Individual unit and guard-zone airtightness tests of apartment buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-337
Author(s):  
Andreas Kaschuba-Holtgrave ◽  
Angela Rohr ◽  
Stefanie Rolfsmeier ◽  
Oliver Solcher
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Individual Unit ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Guard Zone

The airtightness of eight apartment buildings containing six to 11 units each on three or four floors was tested with and without guard-zone pressure, that is, with and without consideration of internal leakages. The layouts of these buildings varied: two of them had no central stairwell; in two other buildings, only some of the apartments were connected to the central stairwell; and the third type had all apartments connected to a central stairwell. Airtightness tests were performed with and without guard-zone pressure conditions. During these tests, two to eight BlowerDoor systems were used simultaneously to create guard-zone pressure conditions. In this report, the authors evaluate the test results of three buildings of different layout types. Furthermore, a reference model for the natural air permeability of all construction materials used in the interior and exterior envelopes of each apartment was created for two buildings in accordance with the German Industrial Standards (DIN). We present the results of this assessment and put them in context with the airtightness tests with and without guard-zone pressure. The results indicate that the air leakage contribution of internal partitions is significant, namely 32% and 27%. As this affects sound transmission, fire protection, odor transfer, and the quality of ventilation, it is essential to assess the airtightness of not only the exterior but also the interior envelope of each apartment.

Uji Marshall Pada Campuran AC-WC Dengan Substitusi Filler

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Bunyamin Bunyamin ◽  
Febrina Dian Kurniasarir
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Stability

To improve the quality of pavement can be achieved by substituting filler materials. The materials used for mixing asphaltic concrete are Portland Cement (PC) Andalas type II and Krueng Neng Oyster Shell (ACT) to bind the aggregate with the mixture of asphalt becoming denser as the ACT contains silica and lime. The use of ACT as a filler is expected to improve the quality of the pavement mixture. The study aimed to determine the effect of Marshall Parameters on the use of PC-substituted ACT fillers with a composition of 0% ACT: 100% PC, 20% ACT: 80% PC, 50% ACT: 50% PC, 80% ACT: 20% PC , and 100% ACT: 0% PC against AC - WC mixture. The number of construction materials testing in this study was 66. The research method was Bina Marga 2010 Revision 4 of 2018. The results showed that all compositions met the requirements for the Bina Marga 2010 Revision 4 2018 specification, the best composition for ACT and PC filling substitutes were obtained a percentage of 20% ACT and 80% PC at 5.00% of the asphalt content, the stability value was 1323.01 kg with a VIM value of 3.66% VMA 15.91% VFA 76.99 and MQ 508.68 kg / mm.

scholarly journals Repair and retrofitting of buildings post earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05023
Author(s):  
Zaidir
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Soft Story ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Earthquake Load ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Damage Types ◽  
Foundation Failure

This paper discusses the damage types, repair methods and retrofitting of buildings post an earthquake. Data were taken by conducting surveys and assessment of buildings directly, both engineered and non-engineered buildings affected by the West Sumatra earthquake in 2009. Some causes of damage, among them is the detailing of reinforcement that do not follow the existing standard, soft-story effect, foundation failure, low material quality and does not meet the requirements, design and implementation of the construction do not follow the rules and technical provisions of the building earthquake resistant. Improvement and buildings retrofitting can be done after the buildings damage types or its components/parts and the quality of the building materials used were known. The structural analysis was done in order to know the cause of the building elements damaged and if the results of analysis with the latest regulations earthquake load, the building structures is able to withstand the earthquake loads and a repair is not required, but if not, the retrofitting is required.

scholarly journals As-Used Materials for Marine Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Hao Dong ◽  
Van Vang Le
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Main Artery ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Materials Used

In the strategy of marine economic development, the maritime sector plays an important role, in which seaports are the nucleus of development, the focal point for receiving and transporting import and export goods and circulating to all regions of the country. Shipping now accounts for 90% of the volume of imports and exports and part of the goods to regions, the main artery in the system of transportation and distribution of goods of the economy. The maritime industry and the world are developing and developing both in terms of quality, quality and modernity. Special welds between the various types of materials always have a number of problems that need to be addressed in order to improve the quality of welding and the life of the equipment. This paper presents and classifies the materials used in the maritime industry.

Architecture and Education

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Hidden Curriculum ◽  
College Campus ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
True Cost ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Straight Lines

As commonly practiced, education has little to do with its specific setting or locality. The typical campus is regarded mostly as a place where learning occurs, but is, itself, believed to be the source of no useful learning. A campus is intended, rather, to be convenient, efficient, or aesthetically pleasing, but not instructional. It neither requires nor facilitates competence or mindfulness. By that standard, the same education could happen as well in California or in Kazakhstan, or on Mars, for that matter. The same could be said of the buildings and landscape that make up a college campus (Orr 1993). The design of buildings and landscape is thought to have little or nothing to do with the process of learning or the quality of scholarship that occurs in a particular place. But in fact, buildings and landscape reflect a hidden curriculum that powerfully influences the learning process. The curriculum embedded in any building instructs as fully and as powerfully as any course taught in it. Most of my classes, for example, were once taught in a building that I think Descartes would have liked. It is a building with lots of squareness and straight lines. There is nothing whatsoever that reflects its locality in northeast Ohio in what had once been a vast forested wetland (Sherman 1996). How it is cooled, heated, and lighted and at what true cost to the world is an utter mystery to its occupants. It offers no clue about the origins of the materials used to build it. It tells no story. With only minor modifications it could be converted to use as a factory or prison, and some students are inclined to believe that it so functions. When classes are over, students seldom linger for long. The building resonates with no part of our biology, evolutionary experience, or aesthetic sensibilities. It reflects no understanding of ecology or ecological processes. It is intended to be functional, efficient, minimally offensive, and little more. But what else does it do? First, it tells its users that locality, knowing where you are, is unimportant. To be sure, this is not said in so many words anywhere in this or any other building. Rather, it is said tacitly throughout the entire structure.

scholarly journals Large Format Ceramic Panels Versus Recycled Aluminum Casting Panels: Improvement of the Thermal Behavior of the Museum of Fine Arts of Castellón

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Víctor Echarri Iribarren ◽  
Ginés Gómez Castelló ◽  
Carlos Rizo Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cast Aluminum ◽  
Large Format ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
Ceramic Facade ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
Materials Used

There is a growing awareness towards the use in architecture of construction materials produced in the area in which the buildings are to be implemented. The reduction of environmental impacts derived from the lower consumption of energy in transportation is significant. In addition, the materials used in the façades have special relevance in the value of the annual energy demand. This fact becomes more important in the case of emblematic buildings with social media impact, both for the quality of their design and for the functional contributions they can make. Sometimes, even for purely aesthetic reasons, the paradox of opting for constructive solutions with worse performance, worse aging, a higher cost of maintenance operations or a higher value of annual energy demand is established. In this research the Museum of Fine Arts of Castellón is analyzed, made with cast aluminum recycled panels as a finishing material on the façade. A comparison is made with the alternative scenario, ventilated ceramic façade, of having used large format ceramic panels, produced in the region, where the ceramic sector is a very important cluster. The reduction of the value of the annual energy demand by 12% is evaluated by the improvements established in the ventilated ceramic façade.  

scholarly journals Refractory Grade Bauxite: An Overview about the Effects of different Bauxite Sources and Forming Processes on the Quality of the Material

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Vitor Guilherme de Oliveira ◽  
Luís Leonardo Horne Curimbaba Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Antônio dos Reis ◽  
Peter Miura Nakachima ◽  
André Luis Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Industry ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating

Refractories have been very important for humankind development enabling the manufacturing of a wide range of materials. Primary industries demanding refractories include the manufacturing of steel, non-ferrous metals, glass, lime, cement, ceramics, petrochemicals and incineration. Refractory grade bauxites (RGBs) are high-alumina materials used as aggregates in shaped and unshaped refractory linings suitable to with stand high temperature heating and a corrosive environment. Despite the wide availability of bauxite ores in the world, few countries can supply a bauxite with refractory grades. Guyana, China and Brazil have emerged as suppliers for the refractory industry and the peculiarities of each bauxite from these countries impact directly on the refractory performance.

Correction of functional constipation in patients with limited mobility after stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
M. S. Turchina ◽  
M. V. Bukreeva ◽  
L. Yu. Korolyova ◽  
Zh. E. Annenkova ◽  
L. G. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
The World

Currently, the problem of early rehabilitation of stroke patients is important, since in terms of the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases and disability after suffering a stroke, Russia is one of the first places in the world. The complex of medical rehabilitation of such patients should provide for the early and most complete restoration of all body functions, patient education for lost skills, re-socialization of the patient and improvement of the quality of life. One of the factors contributing to a significant reduction in the quality of life after a stroke is the development of chronic constipation. The article reflects the modern methods of correction of chronic constipation in patients with limited mobility.

HASTANELERİN HİZMET KALİTESİNİN HASTA TATMİN ÖLÇEĞİ İLE ÖLÇÜLMESİ: KARABÜK DEVLET HASTANESİNDE YATAN HASTALAR ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE MEASUREMENT SERVICE QUALITY OF THE HOSPITALS BY THE PATIENT SCALE: A RESEARCH ON THE PATIENTS IN KARABUK STATE HOSP

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Selçuk Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

It has been known that both in the world and in Turkey a continuous change has been experienced in the provision of health services in recent years. In this sense by adopting the customer(client) focused approach of either public or private sector hospitals; it has been seen that they are in the struggle for presenting a right, fast, trustuble, comfy service. The purpose of this research is to measure the satisfaction degree, expectations and perceptions of the patients in Karabük State Hospital through comparison. In this context, the patient satisfaction scale which has been developed as a result of literature review has been used and by this scale it has been tried to measure the satisfaction levels of the patients in terms of material and human factors which are the two main factors of the service that was presented. In the study, with the scales of Servqual and 0-100 Points together, in the part of the analysis MANOVA have been used. The expectations and the perceptions of the patient has been compared first by generally and then by separating to different groups according to the various criterias and in thisway it has been tried to be measured their satisfaction levels. According to the results that were obtained, although, the satisfaction levels of the patients who have taken service from Karabük State Hospital are high in terms of thedoctors and the nurses; it has been reached to the result that their satisfaction levels are low in terms of the materials that have been used at the presenting of the service and the management.

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