scholarly journals The Reproductive Performance of Native Osmanabadi Goat of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monali Wakchaure ◽  
Mohammad Faheem Siddiqui ◽  
Akshay Sonawane
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Goat Breed ◽  
Southern States ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deccan Plateau ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Among the goat breeds of India, Osmanabadi goat breed is one of the most popular goat breed of the arid and semi-arid region of Maharashtra state. Historically this breed is known to exist on Deccan Plateau since decades. The name Osmanabadi is derived from its origin, i.e. Osmanabad district in Maharashtra state. The breeds is distributed mainly in 2 southern states of India viz. Western Telangana and North Eastern Karnataka state and are having largest contribution to meat production in Southern India as their meat is very tasty when compared with local breeds. The Osmanabadi breed is suited to all types of rearing systems, the most ideal being the semi-intensive system (grazing and closed enclosure) where higher production has been observed compared to extensive (grazing system) and intensive systems (zero grazing system). Osmanabadi goats reared in the Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana border region had been analysed with reproductive parameters and found that, the female kids attend puberty at the age of 349.8 ± 6.9 days with 17.45 ± 0.23 Kg body weight. The average gestation period found was 152.24 ± 0.24 days. The mean age at first kidding was found to be 494.4 ± 8.1 days. The average duration of post-partum anoestrus period was 67.34 ± 6.31 days which was responsible for short inter-kidding interval which shows high profile reproductive efficiency. The mean kidding interval recorded as 232.62 ± 5.45 days. Majority of kidding resulted in single births (87.27%) and with only 12.73% of multiple births. Breeding season and kidding season of Osmanabadi goats was observed from the month of June to September and November to February as a major.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

Pituitary dimensions and volume measurements in pregnancy and post partum

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dinç ◽  
F. Esen ◽  
A. Demirci ◽  
A. Sari ◽  
H. Resit Gümele
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Normal Pituitary Gland ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Our purpose was to clarify and further characterize the changes in height, length, width, volume, and shape in the normal pituitary gland and in width in the infundibulum during pregnancy and the first 6 months post partum. Material and Methods: Cranial MR imaging was performed in 78 women who were pregnant in the second or third trimester or who were post partum, and in 18 age-matched control subjects who were not pregnant. Volume measurements were performed in 2 ways; volume 1=1/2xheightxlengthxwidth; and volume 2=area (measured by trackball)xslice thickness Results: Gland volume, height, width, length, and convexity, and infundibular width increased during pregnancy. the highest values were seen during the 3 days immediately post partum. When compared with volunteers, volumes 1 and 2 showed the largest increase (120%) among the parameters. Gland height showed the best correlation (r=0.94, p>0.00001) with gestational age. the mean height of the gland was 8.76 mm in the third trimester. None of the pregnant women had a gland height of above 10 mm during pregnancy. Only 2 subjects had gland heights of 10.04 and 10.2 mm during the 0–3 days post partum. After this first post-partum period of 3 days, the gland size, shape, and volume and the infundibular width returned to normal within 6 months Conclusion: the pituitary gland enlarges in three dimensions throughout pregnancy. During pregnancy, the volume of the gland shows the highest percentage of increase compared to its length, height, and width. the maximum height of the gland does not exceed 10 mm during pregnancy but it may exceed 10 mm during the 3 days immediately post partum.

Comparison of Efficacy of Refrigerated Oxytocin with Oxytocin Kept at Room Temperature for the Prevention of Post-Partum Haemorrhage in Vaginal Deliveries in a Tertiary Care Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandey U
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Past History ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the leading causes of maternal death worldwide and it accounts for nearly one-quarter of all maternal deaths and almost half of all postpartum deaths in low-income countries. Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most common form of major obstetric haemorrhage. Materials and Methods: The study protocol was comprised of Consent, Measurement of Pre-delivery Hemoglobin, Administration of the Intervention, Measurement of postpartum blood loss and Measurement of Post-delivery (24-48 hours) Hemoglobin. Blood loss was measured using a calibrated drape. The drape was placed beneath the parturient buttocks and secured around her abdomen with ties. Blood loss was monitored for a minimum of one hour and was continued in the second hour in case of persistent bleeding. The drape with the collected blood was weighed on a scale. The weight of the drape and the container in which it is placed was deducted from the total recorded weight in order to obtain the weight of the blood collected in the drape. Blood loss weight in grams was converted to milliliters by dividing the figure in grams by 1.06 (blood density in grams per milliliter). Results: The cross tabulations were used to study the demographic, obstetrical and medical factors in women with obstetrical haemorrhage. Table 1 shows the selected sociodemographic characteristics of the study population. The mean age of cases and controls are 26.333.559 and 26.853.873 respectively. On comparison, they are statistically insignificant. (p=0.324). The educational, occupational and socioeconomic status was comparable between cases and controls (p >0.05). Table 2 shows Antenatal, intra-partum and post-partum data in cases and controls. Discussion & Conclusion: It is a study done in North India comparing the Oxytocin kept at room temperature with failure of maintenance of cold chain during transport and storage and the refrigerated Oxytocin. It is the common understanding and general training that Oxytocin must be stored in the refrigerator, failing which its efficacy reduces i.e. it, will not be effective in controlling PPH. During the study we compared the mean blood loss and change in hemoglobin levels in cases and control and despite the fact that major risk factor for PPH for example past history of PPH, past history of D&C, prolonged third stage labour duration, manual removal of placenta were comparable in both cases and controls, still the mean blood loss and change in hemoglobin values was more in cases than controls. This could be attributed to usage of market oxytocin which had failed cold chain maintenance resulted in less effective oxytocin in prevention of PPH, Hence causing more blood loss and drop in hemoglobin values. This shows the need of room temperature stable uterotonic drug in LMIC’s like ours. Recently room temperature stable carbetocin shows the potential as an effective uterotonic drug for the prevention of PPH. However according to various studies carbetocin cannot be used for induction or augmentation of labour so it cannot replace oxytocin fully, rather it acts as a part of collective PPH reduction strategy.

Sheep meat production in the Brazilian semi-arid region: crossing between indigenous breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Vieira Landim ◽  
Natan Donato Roriz ◽  
Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira ◽  
Wilder Hernando Ortiz Vega ◽  
Hélio Henrique Araújo Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Evaluation and Management of Women who Have Experienced Stillbirth in Their Previous Pregnancies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Erdem Fadiloglu ◽  
Atakan Tanacan ◽  
Canan Unal ◽  
Mehmet Sinan Beksac
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Mthfr Polymorphisms ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the subsequent pregnancy outcomes of women who have experienced unexplained stillbirth in their previous gestations.</p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong> This retrospective cohort consisted of 14 pregnancies who had stillbirth (without known risk factors) in their previous pregnancies. These patients had been included in a special preconceptional care program to be evaluated in terms of etiological risk factors for stillbirth. At least one of the risk factors, such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms, hereditary thrombophilias and autoimmune problems, were defined in this study population. After detection of pregnancy, the patients were administered low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (enoxaparin, 1×2000 Anti-XA IU/0.2 mL/day), low-dose salicylic acid (100 mg/day) and low-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone, 1×4 mg/day orally) in necessary cases.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 14 pregnancies, 4 (28.5%) ended up with miscarriages at 9, 11, 11 and 15 gestational weeks, respectively. The remaining 10 pregnancies ended up with alive deliveries. The mean gestational week at birth was 36.4±0.51, while the mean birthweight was 2882±381.01 g. Out of 10 pregnancies, only one was diagnosed as IUGR. Only two newborn necessitated hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to respiratory problems. Both newborns were discharged from the NICU without any further complication at the post-partum 5th day. </p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Patients with a prior stillbirth should be screened for MTHFR polymorphisms, autoimmune problems and hereditary thrombophilias, especially in case of absence of any etiological factor. Management of these patients with low-dose aspirin, low-dose low molecular weight heparin and corticosteroids seemed to be beneficial for increasing live birth rates and avoiding obstetric complications.</p>

Breeding Biology of Brushtail Possums Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae) in Captivity.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
R.T. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reproductive Capability

The brushtail possum is a common arboreal marsupial that is well adapted to the Australian urban environment and to rearing in captivity. Data obtained from 100 female possums housed in a semi-captive colony over a 7 year period demonstrate the reproductive capability of this marsupial. The main breeding season is from March to June with a declining number of births occurring from July to October. The possums gave birth to 259 single young and one set of twins. The range of the lactation period was from 177 to 200 days with the birth of the subsequent young occurring at 188.4 ± 4.1 days post partum (SD, n = 5). The growth rate of the young female possum varied greatly after day 100 post partum, the mean body weight of possums at day 172, being 753.0 ± 76.2g (SD, n = 5) with a range of 685 to 851 g. Female possums, with a mean body weight of 2171 ± 388g, gave birth to their first litter on day 345.9 ± 69.3 days postpartum (mean, SD, n = 7). Although two female possums trapped in the wild were held in captivity for 64 and 63.4 months and one possum bred in captivity had a life span of 51.5 months, the mean life span was 21.0 ± 12.5 months (SD, n =3D 8), with a range of 14.3 to 51.5 months. This life span is very variable and it is of interest to determine if this is an artefact of captivity or is also observed in the wild.

Reproduction of the Red-Bellied Pademelon Thylogale billardierii (Marsupialia)

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Rose ◽  
DJ McCatney
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Seasonal Breeder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Duration Of Gestation

'Thylogale billardierii, which is abundant in Tasmania, is a seasonal breeder with most births in the months April, May and June. Parturition is followed by mating, and the zygote so produced remains dormant until either sucking becomes intermittent near the end of pouch life or the young is lost. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was determined at 30.3 days, not significantly longer than the duration of gestation (30.2 days). Removal of pouch young results in the birth of a new young 28.7 days later. Removal of the corpus luteum results in oestrus 11 days later. Pouch life is 202 days, and vacation of the pouch by the young coincides precisely with parturition and post-partum mating. The young mature at about 14-15 months.

scholarly journals A comparative study between ferrous carboxy maltose and iron sucrose in the management of post-partum anaemia in tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4866
Author(s):  
Seeta Sunil Garag ◽  
Sanjana Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem contributing tremendously to maternal morbidity and mortality. It is the most common indirect cause of maternal mortality. Variety of injectable iron preparations are now available which can be effective tools for combating post-partum anaemia. This study aims to compare FCM (Ferrous carboxy maltose) and iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in post-partum women at KIMS, Hubli, Karnataka, India.Methods: This study was conducted at KIMS, Hubli in the year 2018-19 wherein 100 post-partum women with hb levels ranging from 5-10g% were selected for the study and randomly allocated into 2 groups- FCM group and iron sucrose group. They were administered 1g of FCM and 1g of iron sucrose respectively after clinical evaluation and baseline measurement of hb. They were followed up after 2 weeks for repeat hb% and review of signs and symptoms. FCM and iron sucrose were compared in terms of their efficacy.Results: The mean increase in hb% was found to be 3.2 g% in the FCM group and 2 g% in the iron sucrose group. FCM was also found to be more efficacious in providing relief of common signs and symptoms like easy fatigability and pallor compared to iron sucrose.Conclusions: Ferrous carboxy maltose was found to be more efficacious compared to iron sucrose.

scholarly journals Study of endothelial function in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus by flow mediated dilation of brachial artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2377
Author(s):  
Nidhi Pandey ◽  
Poonam Goel ◽  
Anita Malhotra ◽  
Reeti Mehra ◽  
Navjot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: The objective of the study was to assess vascular function in normal pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes and to study its temporal relationship with gestational age at 24-28-week POG and at 36-38-week POG and changes in FMD in postpartum period.Methods: Assessment of vascular function was done at 24-28-week POG, 36-38-week POG and at 6-12-week postpartum by flow mediated dilation of brachial artery in 37 healthy pregnant women and 37 pregnant women with GDM.Results: In GDM group mean FMD at 24-28 weeks of POG, at 36-38 weeks POG was lower as compared to the control group (11.225±6.20,8.464±6.09 versus 14.49±5.21, 10.898±4.12) although the difference in mean FMD in two groups was not statistically significant. It was found that the decrease in FMD at 36-38-week POG as compared to 24-28 weeks POG was statistically significant in both the groups (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study revealed that when endothelial function as assessed by FMD was compared at different period of gestation, the mean decrease in FMD at 36-38-week POG as compared to 24-28-week POG and 6-week post-partum was statistically significant in patients with GDM and as well as the control group, however this trend of change was same in both the groups and was not statistically significant when compared between the two group (GDM versus control). A negative correlation of FMD was found with BMI, and HBA1c, that was stronger in GDM group.

The effect of body weight at calving on milk production and reproductive performance of Friesian × Zebu heifers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Deresz ◽  
C. M. Jaume ◽  
M. R. de Carvalho ◽  
C. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTTwenty-six pregnant Holstein-Friesian × zebu heifers, arranged in pairs according to age, body weight, expected calving date and amount of zebu breeding, were allocated at random to two nutritional regimens during the last 12 weeks before calving. If was planned that the animals in treatment A should calve at a pre-calving live weight of 480 kg and those in treatment B should calve at 380 kg. The diet consisted of maize silage or elephant grass silage, soya-bean meal and minerals. During the first 21 days of the post-partum period both groups were given 6 kg concentrate per head daily. After this period, the feeding level was adjusted every 14 days according to the current milk yield. The mean total milk yields were 2132 kg and 1283 kg (P < 0·05) and the lengths of lactation were 239 days and 156 days (P < 0·01) for cows in treatments A and B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the intervals from calving to first heat or calving to conception.

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