Antioxidant Properties of Alpine Plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Laxmi Trivedi ◽  
Mohan Chandra Nautiyal

Alpines are the exceptional regions of the world’s biomes. They have unique climatic and topographic conditions; they are the habitat of some of the highly specialized flora and fauna. The harsh environmental conditions and extreme fluctuations in them on a seasonal and diurnal basis created extremely stressful situations for the alpine plants. Such stress causes damage to biochemical structures and compounds of the plant cells leads to the production of free radicals, i.e. reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can further damage the plant cells or tissues. Alpine plants protect themselves from those ROS efficiently by their highly competent enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system. In general, this protection increases in alpine plants with altitudes; however, some exceptions are also reported. Antioxidant compounds viz. ascorbic acid, tocopherol, glutathione, carotenoids found in alpine flora in higher concentrations as compared to low land plants. Phenolic compounds protected the alpine plants from UV induced ROS by screening the UV radiations and blocking their entries in the cell’s mesophyll. This higher antioxidant potential of the alpine plants is highly beneficial for the human being as most alpine plants are the sources of some life-saving drugs.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
PK Dash ◽  
S Das ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
M Jahan

Determination of antioxidant activity is one of the key elements for understanding the biological properties of a widely used spice onion (A. cepa). In contrast, physical properties help understand the textural quality of onion necessary for postharvest operations of sorting and grading in particular. Considering the physicochemical importance of onion, the present study focused on the determination of physical attributes and antioxidant content of the onion germplasm in Bangladesh using visual methods and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. The five-onion germplasms (BARI Piaz-2, BARI Piaz-3, BARI Piaz-4, BARI Piaz-5, Faridpuri Vati) collected from selected onion growers of the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) of the southwestern part of Bangladesh were used as treatments for physicochemical analysis at the Horticulture laboratory of the Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh during the period from February to August 2019. The laboratory study was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Most of the physical characteristics of onion were highest in germplasm-1 than those of the other germplasm tested. The results showed that the DPPH free radicals were scavenged by all onion germplasm extracts in a concentration-dependent pattern. The highest IC50 value (238.10 ppm) was noticed in germplasm-3 and the lowest in germplasm-5 (161.29 ppm) with no statistical difference from germplasm-4 (172.41 ppm). The lower IC50 value indicating that onion germplasms-5 and -4 extracts were more potent in scavenging free radicals than the other onion germplasms. Thus, the low IC50 value facilitated the germplasm-5 and -4 to be enriched with antioxidant compounds significantly in higher amounts than the others. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 113-123 (2021)


2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta NOUR ◽  
Ion TRANDAFIR ◽  
Mira E. IONICA

Ten indeterminate tomato cultivars differing in fruit shape and typology, grown simultaneously in a greenhouse from Oltenia (Southwestern Romania) and harvested at red ripe stage, were investigated for the contents in ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, total phenolics, minerals (K, Na, Ca and Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn and B). In addition, their antioxidant activities were determined. Significant differences were found among tomato cultivars in all studied antioxidant compounds, as well as in the antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid ranged from 91.9 to 329.7 mg kg-1 fw, lycopene ranged from 19.7 to 49.0 mg kg-1 fw, while total phenolic compounds varied between 300.2 and 557.8 mg kg-1 fw. Antioxidant activity ranged from 0.81 mmol Trolox kg-1 fw to 1.74 mmol Trolox kg-1 fw and it was significantly correlated to total phenolics content (r = 0.91; p< 0.05). The cocktail type cultivar ‘Tiger’ and the cherry type cultivar ‘Belle’ proved to be the most powerful in antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds while the rectangular plum shaped cultivar ‘Porto’ recorded the highest average lycopene content. A valuable cultivar proved to be the brownish red ‘Sacher’ which registered among the highest contents of phenolics, lycopene and ascorbic acid. Mineral and trace elements contents were also significantly affected by cultivars. Values recorded for K, Ca and Mg ranged from 2139.6 to 3056.9 mg kg-1, 137.7 to 325.8 mg kg-1 and 27.3 to 168.7 mg kg-1 respectively.


2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (89) ◽  
pp. 16139-16142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyuan Yao ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Yajun Mao ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Zhenfu Huang ◽  
...  

A positive role of PFRs in enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for an extreme rate enhancement in environmental pollutant decomposition is reported.


Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Martinez-Gomez ◽  
Isabel Caballero ◽  
Carlos A. Blanco

Beer is one of the most consumed drinks around the world, containing a variety of compounds that offer both appreciated sensorial characteristics and health advantages. Important healthy compounds in beer are those with antioxidant properties that attenuate the content of free radicals produced as by-products in the human metabolism, exerting an appreciable effect against cancers or cardiovascular diseases. This work details a study of antioxidant compounds present in beer, focusing on the two main groups: phenols (including polyphenolic forms) and melanoidins, formed specifically during brewing as Maillard products. The fundaments of the most important methods to evaluate beer antioxidant activity, the main antioxidant compounds present in beer—especially those with healthy properties—and the new trends to increase beer antioxidant activity are also discussed.


Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Noelia Carballeda Sangiao ◽  
Susana Chamorro ◽  
Sonia de Pascual-Teresa ◽  
Luis Goya

Cocoa is a rich source of polyphenols, especially flavanols and procyanidin oligomers, with antioxidant properties, providing protection against oxidation and nitration. Cocoa phenolic compounds are usually extracted with methanol/ethanol solvents in order to obtain most of their bioactive compounds; however, aqueous extraction seems more representative of the physiological conditions. In this study, an aqueous extract of cocoa powder has been prepared and chemically characterized, and its potential protective effect against chemically-induced oxidative stress has been tested in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Neuronal-like cultured cells were pretreated with realistic concentrations of cocoa extract and its major monomeric flavanol component, epicatechin, and then submitted to oxidative stress induced by a potent pro-oxidant. After one hour, production of reactive oxygen species was evaluated by two different methods, flow cytometry and in situ fluorescence by a microplate reader. Simultaneously, reduced glutathione and antioxidant defense enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were determined and the results used for a comparative analysis of both ROS (reactive oxygen species) methods and to test the chemo-protective effect of the bioactive products on neuronal-like cells. The results of this approach, never tested before, validate both analysis of ROS and indicate that concentrations of an aqueous extract of cocoa phenolics and epicatechin within a physiological range confer a significant protection against oxidative insult to neuronal-like cells in culture.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 8873-8881
Author(s):  
Manuela Gallón ◽  
Misael Cortés Rodríguez ◽  
Jose Miguel Cotes Torres

Potatoes are one of the crops with the greatest influence worldwide, and Colombia is the most important exporter of “Criolla” or diploid potato. Universidad Nacional de Colombia has developed varieties of new diploid potatoes with high antioxidant properties and colored flesh: Primavera, Paola, Violeta, Milagros, and Paysandú. The aim of this research was to characterize and evaluate the stability of physicochemical properties of the raw potato cv Primavera during storage at 4 °C. It was used the potato variety Primavera grown in Santa Elena, Antioquia, during season mayo-august 2016. The evaluated properties were the antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), phenolic compounds (Folin-Ciocalteu method), moisture, texture in whole tuber and slices, and color in the pulp (CIELab). Samples were stored in bags at a constant temperature of 4 °C and were evaluated for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 d. Polynomial regression was performed for each variable vs time. In general, properties for potato variety Primavera did not show a defined trend; otherwise, they were fluctuating; this may be associated with various factors such as primary production and the interaction of physic-chemical phenomena of the matter with its environment. Potato presented an important content of antioxidant compounds compared with other varieties (ABTS: 2.89→2.94 mg Trolox g-1; DPPH: 2.33→1.48 mg Trolox g-1; phenolic compounds: 6.09→6.27 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1). The “criolla” potato cv Primavera has a lot of important antioxidant properties which could confer it an agro-industrial potential in a short and medium term.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621-2632
Author(s):  
Emanueli Backes ◽  
◽  
Aziza Kamal Genena ◽  

Beet is a traditional root consumed worldwide and is considered a potential source of several bioactive compounds, yet during production and commercialisation activities, its leaves and stalks are discarded. The beet residue has notable quantities of diverse phenolic compounds that are not taken advantage of it. The beet stalks (sample) were obtained from a local producer at the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná state, Brazil. The optimisation of the extraction process of antioxidant capacity compounds from beet stalk was done by response surface methodology (RSM), with three independent variables (time, from 5 to 85 min; temperature, from 20 to 80 °C and solvent, from 0 to 100% of ethanol/water ratio). Extracts were evaluated for their reducing capacity, measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant capacity by the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The optimal global extraction conditions determined were 5 min, 80 °C and 50% ethanol, yielding 13.157 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g–1, 21.539 mol Trolox equivalents g-1 (TE; DPPH) and 250.190 ?mol TE g–1 (ABTS). Beet stalk demonstrated to be an alternative and rich source of recovering of natural antioxidant compounds, showing higher contents when compared to other agro-industrial residues.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mošovská ◽  
Patrícia Petáková ◽  
Michal Kaliňák ◽  
Anna Mikulajová

Abstract The evaluation of antioxidant potential of food has received much attention in recent years. Antioxidant compounds can scavenge free radicals and thereby can protect the human body from free radicals. This study was focused on the isolation of curcuminoids from the dried turmeric rhizome, and studying their antioxidant activity. The presence of curcuminoids was identified in turmeric sample by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. Since neutral curcumin is known to be poorly soluble, the synthesis of curcumin-cyclodextrin and curcumin-phospholipid complexes was also performed. The antioxidant activity of isolated curcuminoids was assessed by two methods (ABTS and FRAP assay) and their scavenging activities were compared with those of prepared complexes. The ability to reduce ABTS radical cation decreased as follows: quercetin > trolox > curcuminoids > curcumin-cyclodextrin complex > curcumin-phospholipid complex. The reducing potential of tested samples in descending order was quercetin > trolox > curcumin-cyclodextrin complex > curcuminoids > curcumin-phospholipid complex.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Monika Michalak

Natural substances have traditionally been used in skin care for centuries. There is now an ongoing search for new natural bioactives that not only promote skin health but also protect the skin against various harmful factors, including ultraviolet radiation and free radicals. Free radicals, by disrupting defence and restoration mechanisms, significantly contribute to skin damage and accelerate ageing. Natural compounds present in plants exhibit antioxidant properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals. The increased interest in plant chemistry is linked to the growing interest in plant materials as natural antioxidants. This review focuses on aromatic and medicinal plants as a source of antioxidant substances, such as polyphenols, tocopherols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and macromolecules (including polysaccharides and peptides) as well as components of essential oils, and their role in skin health and the ageing process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Virdah Dwi Dewaantari ◽  
Setyabudi Setyabudi ◽  
Kun Ismiyatin

Background: Free radicals are molecules without any electron pairs, unstable, and highly reactive. Antioxidants are needed to reduce free radicals. Antioxidants provide various benefits in dentistry as a preventive agent for caries, healing, bone formation, mouthwash, preventive and therapeutic cancer, and reduction of periodontal disease progressions. Additionally, research on antioxidants is still undergone due to the existence of free radical residues on bleached teeth. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), ascorbic acid (AA), and sodium ascorbate (SA) are ingridients that have antioxidant properties. Antioxidants can be in two forms solution and gel. Solutions have a higher substance releasing power than gel. Gel is extremely adhesive, so it does not flow easily. Meanwhile, solutions are rather unstable because it flows easily. Antioxidant activities were evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay method. Purpose: Analyzing through literature reviews the potential antioxidants of EGCG, AA, and SA in solution and gel forms by DPPH Assay. Reviews: There were eight journal articles used in this review. The first article described antioxidant solutions in which EGCG was higher than sodium ascorbate. The second article showed that antioxidant gel EGCG was lower than sodium ascorbate. The third journal explained that ascorbic acid was higher than sodium ascorbate both in solution and gel forms. The other articles provided some information about the antioxidant activity percentages of EGCG, SA, and AA in the forms of gel and solutions by DPPH assay. Conclusion: EGCG has a higher antioxidant activity than SA, but it is lower when compared to AA in both solution and gel forms by DPPH assay.


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