scholarly journals Towards the Use of Yellow Clay in Fired Bricks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Achik ◽  
Boutaina Moumni ◽  
Hayat Benmoussa ◽  
Abdellah Oulmekki ◽  
Abdelhamid Touache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Yellow Clay ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Mineral Waste

This chapter deals with the study of the possibility of using yellow clay - which was only used in pottery so far- in the civil engineering field as building materials, especially in the field of fired bricks. With the aim to improve the technological properties of yellow clay based bricks, two wastes were used as secondary raw materials. The first one is a mineral waste - pyrrhotite ash - this waste was neither characterized nor valued before by any other author. While the second waste is an organic waste - cedar sawdust - which is from the artisanal sector. Clay bricks containing yellow clay and different content of wastes were prepared and tested to evaluate their technological properties: water absorption, bulk density, porosity and mechanical strength… The test results indicate that the addition of wastes to clay bricks improves their technological properties and highlights the possibility of wastes reuse in a safe and sustainable way.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of fired-clay bricks incorporating both mineral and organic wastes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Achik ◽  
Hayat Benmoussa ◽  
Abdellah Oulmekki ◽  
M. Ijjaali ◽  
N. EL Moudden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
New Material ◽  
Materials Used

The clay brick is one of the oldest building materials, and as the use of waste in the bricks can reduce clay consummation and the environmental burden due to the accumulation of waste, the present study was chosen, the addition of mineral and organic waste to the clay brick. The added value of this work, which was carried out within the Institute of Building Materials at VGTU, is that the mixture studied is very special, because the raw materials used are: − Yellow Clay (C) from Fez which is used only in the field of pottery; − Pyrrhotite Ash (PA) which is a mineral waste produced during the manufacture of sulphuric acid from the roasting of pyrrhotite ore. This waste is stored in the open air since 1982 and until now it doesn't have any specific use; − Cedar Sawdust (S) is an organic waste regenerate by the artisanal sector from Fez. The bricks’ technological properties depended on the amount of ashes used. So, adding 5% S to the mixture (20% PA – 80% C) gives rise to a new material that is light, porous with a natural brick red colour. Most importantly, this material exhibits mechanical strength according to the standards of a terracotta brick.

Natural Radioactivity in Clay Ceramics and their Raw Materials in Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Daina Riekstina ◽  
Tamara Krasta ◽  
Ruta Švinka
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Clay Ceramics

Natural radionuclides K-40, and Th-232, U-238 (Ra-226) decay chain products contained in building materials are the main source of radiation dose received by population and the only source of indoor radiation exposure. Present work contains results of the study of natural radionuclide activity level in clay, clay ceramics and silica bricks used in Latvia. Obtained data show that radionuclide content in different clay products can differ up to five times. However, determined activity index values for all tested materials, except fireproof bricks, were below radionuclide concentration level permitted by EU and Latvian national regulations. Comparison with analogous data from other North European and Baltic countries shows that average concentrations of natural radionuclides and activity index values for clay and clay bricks used in Latvia are on the same level as in other countries, except Sweden.

Wollastonite as a Flux for Ceramics Bodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1016-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Bragança ◽  
H.C.M Lengler ◽  
Carlos Pérez Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Flux

Wollastonite is a calcium silicate mineral natural or synthetic. Commercial wollastonite starts to melt at about 1450°C and can not be considered a "flux" as alkali feldspar. For this function, it depends on the reaction with other raw materials. Faced with this, came the goal of this work which was to investigate the mechanism of action of wollastonite as a ceramic flux. The use of wollastonite in ceramic bodies was investigated by analysis of its reactivity with other materials such as quartz, kaolin, talc and feldspar. It was analyzed the technological properties of the final parts, especially in relation to the firing temperature, phase formation and technological properties (mechanical strength, porosity, etc.). The results of this characterization showed that the technical properties of the parts are developed according to commercial porcelain products.

Applicable Fine Stream Sediments from Upper Chi River Produced Fired Clay Bricks

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 1041-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarunya Promkotra
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Water Absorption Test

Stream sediments from the upper Chi River basin, including Chi and Nam Phong sub-watershed, are applicable to be a source of raw materials to produce fired clay bricks. The sampling locations of clay materials are generally found along the river terrace where are covering three different regions (upper-, mid-and lower sub-watershed) nearby brickyards. Quartz is the main mineral of all samples. Moreover, mainly clay mineral groups consist of mica, kaolinite, and chlorite group composing totally around 5%. Other mineral compositions, such as carbonate, evaporite, corundum, hematite and pyrolusite are normally found both in fine stream sediments and fired clay bricks. Additional minerals in fired bricks are forsterite, zircon and mullite group which are less than 0.2%. Their strength in submersion test expressed in the air-dried to pure water both 1 day and 5 days is revealed that their strength and strain intend to increase with the submersed brick. Besides, prism compressive strength decreases in half related to a fired brick unit. Their impact resistances are significantly distinctive by mineral composition of clay mineral group and silica. The compressive strength of air-dried fired brick at the ultimate stress and strain corresponding by time in water absorption test show that water filled in void or pore can enhance their strength and strain. Thus, fired clay bricks are capable to resist compressive force than the normal condition.

Integration of Port Dredged Sediments Into the Production of Fired Clay Bricks

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-440
Author(s):  
Ikram Frar ◽  
Houdaifa Bakkali ◽  
Mohammed Ammari ◽  
Laïla Ben Allal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Fired Bricks

Bricks manufactured, based on dredged sediments extracted from Tangier and Larache ports in Morocco were investigated. Chemical, physical, geotechnical, mineralogical and environmental characterizations studies of ports dredged sediments were performed. Partial substitution of natural clay by dredged sediments was achieved with different substitution rates by weight (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%) to manufacture brick samples at the laboratory scale. The compressive strength was the factor determining the optimal substitution rate of the natural clay. Compressive strength values of fired bricks with different rates of sediments incorporated show that the manufactured bricks have mechanical characteristics relatively close to natural clay until 60% substitution for Larache port dredged sediment (SL) and until 50% for Tangier port dredged sediment (ST). The results in this study confirm that dredged sediments from the ports of Tangier and Larache can be used as an alternative raw materials resource for the manufacturing of fired bricks.

Selected Parameters of Mortars Containing Fine-Grain Modification of Glass and Clay Brick

2015 ◽  
Vol 1100 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Martina Draganovska ◽  
Alena Sicakova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Fresh State

Today’s world trend in construction and development of building materials is focused to research and development of material systems with properties resulting from dimensions of the components in the micro and nanoscale. Improved mechanical and physical properties, better durability as well as environmental and economic benefits are expected. Such of improved materials represent significant benefit for sustainable construction. In current world, construction and demolitions waste (C&DW) represents useful source of secondary raw materials for production of new building materials. This paper is engaged to assessment of impact the fine particles obtained by grinding of C&DW to technological and physico-mechanical parameters of mortar. Two types of different C&DW which vary in strength and microstructure were used for the experiment: glass and clay bricks. For the assessment of the properties of mortars with application of those ultrafine materials as filler, recipes with 20 and 60% replacement of natural fine aggregate were prepared and tested. Water demand for specified consistency was tested in the fresh state of mortars, while flexural, compressive and adhesive strength was tested after 2, 7, and 28 days of setting and hardening. Given results show positive or negligibly impaired impact of fine grain modification of glass and clay brick on tested parameters.

Assessment of Raw Mineral Waste as Building Materials in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Njarazo Rakotondrabezaharinoro ◽  
Moutari Ado ◽  
Willy Hermann Juimo Tchamdjou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Mineral Waste

In many developing country’s mining exploitations are the main activities sources, and its exploitation is generating many mining wastes and environmental impacts. In order to use these waste, an innovative powder and aggregate were designed, aimed at providing alternative materials by cementitious supplementary materials and sand in Portland cement mortars. This paper investigates the use of raw mineral waste from some developing countries, namely Granite Residue (GR), from Niger, Mining Tailings (MT), from Madagascar, and red Volcanic Scoria (VS), from Cameroon as building materials. These raw materials were valorized as supplementary cementitious materials (GR powder, MS powder and VS powder) and as sand (GR sand and VS sand). GR sand and VS sand were used by 100% replacement of standard sand and GR powder, MS powder and VS powder were used by 5, 15, 25, or/and 35% cement replacement. Physical properties and mechanical properties of raw materials used and mortars obtained were investigated. The effects of these raw materials on properties of mortar mixes were studied and reported. Results show that, with sand from raw mineral waste materials, the compressive and flexural strengths of the produced mortar represented up than 70% and up than 85% respectively in comparison with mortar produce with siliceous standard sand. The reduction of strength of mortar with raw powder as ordinary Portland cement replacement is generally smaller than replacement ratio. Activity index of each raw powder is about 75% for ratio replacement of 5, 15 and 25%. Particle size distribution of raw powder and sand have an influence on the workability and mechanical properties of mortars. In conclusion, the use of raw mineral waste as a raw powder or as sand for mortar production presents an economical and environmental advantage for developing countries where mining exploitations are abundant.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly use of eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux material to enhance technological properties of fired clay bricks

10.30544/628 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blasius Ngayakamo ◽  
Assia Mahamat Aboubakar ◽  
Charles Gbetoglo Komadja ◽  
Abdulhakeem Bello ◽  
Azikiwe Peter Onwualu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Eggshell Waste

In this work, an experimental investigation on the use of eggshell powder from waste eggshells as an alternative source of bio-filler and flux to enhance the technological properties of fired clay bricks were carried out. Four different batch compositions were formed with eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux replacing clay-soil up to 15 wt.%. The clay bricks were prepared by the casting method and were fired at 800, 900, and 1000 °C at the heating rate of 8 °C/min for 120 minutes. The raw materials and produced fired clay bricks were characterized by SEM/EDS, XRF, and XRD, respectively. Besides, technological properties of fired clay bricks (eg. water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, and compressive strength) were also determined. The results showed that adding 15 wt.% of eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux yielded a compressive strength of 4.8 MPa, the bulk density of 2.1 g/cm3, and a lower water absorption value of 11.1% at the firing temperature of 1000 °C. Consequently, the use of eggshell as a bio-filler and flux to enhance the technological properties of fired clay bricks is promising and can be considered as an effective alternative method to reduce environmental concerns caused by inappropriate discarding and landfill construction to dispose of eggshell waste.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Sedimen Sungai Untuk Bahan Baku Unfired Bricks (Bata Tanpa Bakar)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Didit Puji Riyanto ◽  
Suhardi - ◽  
Wahyu Prasetyo ◽  
Pranu Arisanto
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Considerable Cost ◽  
Sediment Reduction

The land use change in a watershed cause erosion resulting in sedimentation in river channels. Physically treatment of sedimentation requires a considerable cost, hence it is necessary to find another alternative treatment, i.e. by utilizing river sediment for building materials. Brick is a building material that is widely produced and used by the society. To provide solutions for sediment reduction, it is necessary to do a research on the utilization of river sediment for brick raw materials. In this study, the utilization of sediment into bricks was proposed in the form of Unfired Bricks. Raw sediment material will be mixed with cement and sand with a certain composition to increase the compression strength of brick in order to meet one of the SNI requirements, i.e. 15-2094-2000 or SNI 03-0349-1989. Results found that the addition of cement and sand treatment can increase the compressive strength of the brick up to 44,176 kg/cm² at the age of 14 days. However, the compression strength test results are still below the compression strength of Red Brick requirements in accordance with SNI 15-2094-2000 where the minimum compression strength of brick is 50 kg /cm², but it qualify for the compression Strength Concrete Brick SNI 03-0349-1989 for the quality level of grade III with a minimum of 40 kg / cm² and grade IV with a minimum of 25 kg / cm²

Prospects for the Development of Building Ceramics, Based on Stale Slags from the Non-Ferrous Metallurgy of Orenburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Gurieva ◽  
Anastasia A. Ilyina
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Fusible Clay ◽  
Ceramic Building

The article deals with the problems of using wastes formed after extraction of copper, nickel, gold, etc. from slags. A review of existing developments in the field of using technogenic products for the production of ceramic building materials with desired properties was carried out. The results of the study of the prospects of using stale slags from non-ferrous metallurgy on the example of the slags from the Mednogorsk Copper-Sulfur Plant of the Orenburg region in combination with fusible clay from the Alimsaysky deposit for the production of ceramic brick are presented. The data of studying the technological properties of raw materials, the development of compositions are given. The effect of the material composition of the clay / slag mixture on the strength, shrinkage, water absorption and density of experimental samples – bricks after calcination in the range of 900– 1200 ° C is determined.

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