Integration of Port Dredged Sediments Into the Production of Fired Clay Bricks

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-440
Author(s):  
Ikram Frar ◽  
Houdaifa Bakkali ◽  
Mohammed Ammari ◽  
Laïla Ben Allal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Fired Bricks

Bricks manufactured, based on dredged sediments extracted from Tangier and Larache ports in Morocco were investigated. Chemical, physical, geotechnical, mineralogical and environmental characterizations studies of ports dredged sediments were performed. Partial substitution of natural clay by dredged sediments was achieved with different substitution rates by weight (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%) to manufacture brick samples at the laboratory scale. The compressive strength was the factor determining the optimal substitution rate of the natural clay. Compressive strength values of fired bricks with different rates of sediments incorporated show that the manufactured bricks have mechanical characteristics relatively close to natural clay until 60% substitution for Larache port dredged sediment (SL) and until 50% for Tangier port dredged sediment (ST). The results in this study confirm that dredged sediments from the ports of Tangier and Larache can be used as an alternative raw materials resource for the manufacturing of fired bricks.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Opto-Thermal Properties of Natural Clay Bricks Incorporating Dredged Sediments

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4575
Author(s):  
Mattia Manni ◽  
Fabiana Frota de Albuquerque Landi ◽  
Tommaso Giannoni ◽  
Alessandro Petrozzi ◽  
Andrea Nicolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Potential Exploitation

The brick industry is currently facing a shortage of natural resources. Despite this, the demand for construction bricks is progressively increasing. Alternative materials, such as dredged sediments and solid organic waste, have been recently proposed as options to replace natural clay in brick manufacturing. Potential exploitation of dredged sediments in clay bricks is evaluated in this study. The chemical composition of the mixtures and the opto-thermal properties of brick samples, which differed for the dredged sediment content (from 10% to 50% of the clay weight), were investigated. Chemical analyses detected lower concentrations of heavy metals in bricks incorporating dredged sediments (DS). Negligible variations in thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat were observed by increasing the amount of DS in the mixture. In particular, the thermal conductivity values ranged between 0.45 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1 (DS-50) and 0.50 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1 (DS-30). Conversely, the color shift value and spectral reflectance in the infrared field were found directly proportional to the concentration of DS. Using dredged sediments as building material demonstrated to be a solution to the problem of their disposal and the scarcity of raw materials, reducing the global warming score by up to 2.8%.

Applicable Fine Stream Sediments from Upper Chi River Produced Fired Clay Bricks

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 1041-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarunya Promkotra
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Water Absorption Test

Stream sediments from the upper Chi River basin, including Chi and Nam Phong sub-watershed, are applicable to be a source of raw materials to produce fired clay bricks. The sampling locations of clay materials are generally found along the river terrace where are covering three different regions (upper-, mid-and lower sub-watershed) nearby brickyards. Quartz is the main mineral of all samples. Moreover, mainly clay mineral groups consist of mica, kaolinite, and chlorite group composing totally around 5%. Other mineral compositions, such as carbonate, evaporite, corundum, hematite and pyrolusite are normally found both in fine stream sediments and fired clay bricks. Additional minerals in fired bricks are forsterite, zircon and mullite group which are less than 0.2%. Their strength in submersion test expressed in the air-dried to pure water both 1 day and 5 days is revealed that their strength and strain intend to increase with the submersed brick. Besides, prism compressive strength decreases in half related to a fired brick unit. Their impact resistances are significantly distinctive by mineral composition of clay mineral group and silica. The compressive strength of air-dried fired brick at the ultimate stress and strain corresponding by time in water absorption test show that water filled in void or pore can enhance their strength and strain. Thus, fired clay bricks are capable to resist compressive force than the normal condition.

scholarly journals Manufacture of Sustainable Clay Bricks Using Waste from Secondary Aluminum Recycling as Raw Material

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bonet-Martínez ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada ◽  
Eulogio Castro
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Secondary Aluminum ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Aluminum Recycling

The aluminum recycling industry produces aluminum filter dust (AFD), a waste byproduct of the aluminum recycling process composed mainly of aluminum oxide in a percentage between 60–70%, 8% calcium oxide, almost 15% sodium chloride, and between 5–10% potassium chloride. Due to its aluminum content, this waste can be used as a raw material in the manufacture of ceramic bricks, at the same time reducing the environmental impact produced in landfill. In this work, the partial substitution of a clay mixture (40% black, 30% red, and 30% yellow clay) by different proportions of AFD in the range 0–25 wt % for the production of fired clay brick was studied. The raw materials, clays, and waste were characterized by XRF and XRD. The brick specimens were fired at 950 °C and their physical and mechanical properties, such as water absorption, water suction, loss of ignition, linear shrinkage, bulk density, and compressive strength, were analyzed. The more relevant results were obtained with the addition of up to 20 wt % AFD, obtaining bricks with physical properties comparable to pure clay-based bricks used as a reference and better compressive strength and thermal conductivity due to the balance between the melting and pore-forming effects of the waste. These sustainable bricks also comply with the regulations of heavy metals leached to the environment, as indicated by the leaching test.

scholarly journals Study on High Energy Propellant Waste in the Processing of Fired Clay Bricks

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
P.K. Mehta ◽  
A. Kumaraswamy ◽  
V. K. Saraswat ◽  
Praveen Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Xrd Studies

Utilisation of propellant waste in fabrication of bricks is not only used as efficient waste disposal method but also to get better functional properties. In the present study, high energy propellant (HEP) waste additive mixed with soil and fly ash in different proportions during manufacturing of bricks has been investigated experimentally. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to confirm the brick formation and the effect of HEP waste. Ceramic bricks were fabricated with HEP waste additive in proper proportions i.e. 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 1.5 wt %, 2.0 wt %, 2.5 wt %, 3 wt %, 3.5 wt %, and 4 wt % and then evaluated for water absorption capability and compressive strength. Compressive strength of 6.7 N/mm2, and Water absorption of 22 % have been observed from modified fired bricks impregnated with HEM waste additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to analyze the effect of HEP waste additive on pore formation and distribution in the bricks. Further, the heat resulting from decomposition of propellants can cause a decrease in the energy required of baking process. The process of manufacturing of bricks with HEP waste additive is first of its kind till date.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Geopolymer Brick Manufacturing: A French Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7403
Author(s):  
Nicolas Youssef ◽  
Zoubeir Lafhaj ◽  
Christophe Chapiseau
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
French Case ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents an economic analysis of manufacturing geopolymer bricks for use in the construction sector. The manufacturing processes of both geopolymer bricks and traditional fired bricks were investigated. For this study, we collected and analyzed all phases of geopolymer brick production from the extraction of raw materials to storage. Seven formulations of geopolymer bricks based on clay and waste bricks were analyzed. We considered the cost of raw materials and logistics operations in the production line of brick manufacturing. The results of this study prove that the manufacturing cost of geopolymer bricks based on clay provides an economic gain of 5% compared to fired bricks for the same compressive strength of 20 MPa. In the case of waste bricks, for the same production cost, the compressive strength of the geopolymer bricks is double that of fired bricks. Hence, this study shows the economic interest in the industrial production of geopolymer bricks. It also confirms that future research is needed that focuses on necessary changes to the current industrial production chain required for the manufacture of geopolymer bricks.

scholarly journals Performance of Dredged Sediment as a Replacement for Fine Aggregates in Concrete Mixture: Case Study at Sungai Pekan, Pahang

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Norpadzlihatun Manap ◽  
Gomathi Govindasamy ◽  
Sulzakimin Mohamed ◽  
Narimah Kasim ◽  
Sharifah Meryam Shareh Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

Dredging is essential to maintain suitable depth for shipping by removing dredged sediments from sea and river banks. It is also an important process to supply construction material. In Pahang, increasing flood cases is occurring due to increased sea and river bed level. Thus, dredging is needed to be performed in this location. In addition, the rapid growth of the construction industry requires a sustainable approach. The reuse of dredged sediments as construction material could be a sustainable approach. Therefore, this research aims to study the engineering properties of dredged sediments and to compare the strength of concrete made from dredged sediments with conventional concrete. The samples for this research obtained from the location of this study at Sungai Pekan. Laboratory testing was performed to determine the engineering properties of dredged sediments and compressive strength of concrete produced from the dredged sediments. The highest average compressive strength of the concrete cube produced from Sample 1 is 9.2 N/mm² for seven days and 11.9 N/mm² for 28 days curing period. Comparatively, Sample 3 has the lowest average compressive strength that is 2.1 N/mm² for seven days and 2.7 N/mm² for 28 days curing period. The strength that is required to be achieved is 14 N/mm² for curing seven days and 20 N/mm² for curing period of 28 days. In conclusion, the concrete cubes made from dredged sediment taken at the sampling area are unable to produce concrete that satisfies the minimum strength for the C20 concrete mix. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is the minimal potential use of dredged sediments taken from the location of this study for the production of concrete in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the mechanical properties of burnt clay bricks incorporated with plastic and steel waste materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
M Ebadi-Jamkhaneh ◽  
M Ahmadi ◽  
D-P N Kontoni
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Plastic Cast ◽  
Cast Iron Powder

Abstract Traditional masonry bricks are made of clay burnt under high temperatures, resulting in high energy consumption, environmental contaminations and decreased natural raw materials. In order to limit nature risks, inorganic materials have been used to make brick. Four types of materials, including fine and coarse plastic, cast iron, and iron swarf, have been used to make bricks. A total number of 64 specimens were made and tested. The tests results were presented in the form of compressive strength, rupture module, water absorption percentage, and initial water absorption ratio. The result showed that using cast iron powder caused the maximum compressive strength amongst all the samples, and was 46% larger than for the reference bricks. On the other hand, the maximum initial water absorption occurred within the first three hours, while the maximum rate was associated to samples with higher coarse plastic contents.

scholarly journals Production of Light Weight Foam Concrete with Sustainable Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 7647-7652
Author(s):  
A. W. Ali ◽  
N. M. Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Limestone Dust

Most of the recent works related to the construction industry in Iraq are focused on investigating the validity of local raw materials as alternatives to the imported materials necessary for some practical applications, especially in thermal and sound insulation. This investigation includes the use of limestone dust as partial substitution of cement in combination with foam agent and silica fume to produce sustainable Lightweight Foam Concrete (LWFC). This study consists of two stages. In the first stage, trial mixes were performed to find the optimum dosage of foam agent. Limestone dust was used as a partial replacement for cement. Chemical analysis and fineness showed great similarity with cement. Many concrete mixes were prepared with the content of lime dust powder being 10%, 14%, and 18% as partial replacement of cement by weight. The results indicate that the compressive strength at 7, 28, and 90 days of age was increased for specimens with 14% limestone dust. The best results in compressive strength show an increase at 7 days and a decrease at 28 and 90 days for concrete specimens with 14% limestone dust. In addition, the results show a decrease in dry density for concrete containing 14% lime dust. In the second stage, different percentages of Polypropylene Fibers were added to the concrete, all mixes, containing a constant content of limestone dust of 14% by weight of cement, were modified using different percentages of Polypropylene Fibers (1%, 1.5 %, and 2% by volume) and the best percentage was found to be 1%. The addition of Polypropylene Fibers enhances splitting tensile and flexural strength at 28 days by 14.55% and 55% respectively.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF FIRED SAND-CLAY AND GLASS POWDER-CLAY BRICKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Adeolu Adediran ◽  
Abayomi Akinwande ◽  
Oluwatosin Balogun ◽  
Olanrewaju Adesina ◽  
Adeniyi Olayanju
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Waste Glass Powder ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths

Mechanical behaviour of fired bricks containing varied amount of fine sand (FS) and waste glass powder (GP) was investigated. FS and GP were added to bricks at varied amount of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 wt. %. Firing was done at 1200 ⁰C and samples produced were evaluated for compressive and flexural strengths while microstructural analyses of 25 wt. % FS and GP-clay bricks were examined. Results showed that compressive strength was highest at 30 wt. % GP for GP-bricks while for FS-clay bricks, compressive strength rose to 35 and 40 wt. % FS addition.  Flexural strength for GP-clay and FS-clay bricks peaked at 30 wt. % GP (3.63 MPa) and 40 wt % FS (2.45) respectively. Flexural modulus increased progressively and exponentially as FS and GP proportion increased. Workdone in resisting deformation and deflection during bending reduced with increased amount of both additives. Flexural strain was inversely related to load and stiffness. In conclusion, addition of GP and FS in increasing amount resulted in improved mechanical properties in the bricks. Also, increased proportion of GP and FS was found to improve response to loading in fired bricks.

scholarly journals The Use of Dredged Sediment from the Watsongpeenong Canal with Paper Mill Residue to Produce Facing Bricks

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Namchan ◽  
Nuta Supakata
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Right

The potential to use dredged sediment from the Watsongpeenong Canal and paper mill residue as the primary raw materials for producing facing bricks was studied in the laboratory. Dredged sediment and paper mill residue were chemically, mineralogically, and thermally characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To evaluate the effects of the contents of the paper mill residue on pore-forming, large amounts of paper mill residue, ranging from 5 to 7 % by mass, were blended with dredged sediments and fired at 700oC. The physical-mechanical properties, including dimensions and tolerances, wryness, deviation of the right angle, water absorption, compressive strength, stain, hole, rails, and cracks, as well as the microstructural properties of the facing bricks, were investigated. In addition, the heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in the facing bricks were identified. The results indicated that the dimensions and tolerance, wryness, deviation from the right angle, water absorption, compressive strength, holes, and rails of the facing bricks with 5 % and 7 % by weight of paper mill residue were compliant with the requirements of the TIS 168-2546 standard. For stains and cracks, no batches of the facing bricks complied with the standard. Facing bricks made from 93 % dredged sediment and 7 % paper mill residue (93D+7P) obtained the highest compressive strength, with a value of 23.66 MPa. Therefore, dredged sediment and paper mill residue can be considered as suitable for use as primary raw materials in the production of facing bricks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document