scholarly journals Citrus Peels as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Industrial and Therapeutic Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doha Hussien Abou Baker ◽  
Eman Ahmed Ibrahim ◽  
Zeinab Abd El-Rhaman Salama
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Agriculture Wastes

Agriculture wastes are considered a good starting point to discover for new drugs all over the world. In this context, Agriculture wastes contain millions of compounds to be screened to find bioactive compounds responsible for the activity to be used in drugs. Citrus agriculture is one of the most important commercial and industrial agricultural activities in the world. The peel waste of Citrus species is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as essential oils, flavones, polyphenols, and pigment. Citrus peel has been widely used in the medicine industry. The waste peel of citrus consider a rich source of pharmacologically active metabolites with antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Qualitative analysis of some bioactive components of methanolic leaf extract of M. citrifolia (Noni)

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Aishatu Haruna ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail ◽  
Dzolkhifli Omar ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Medicinal plants offer endless opportunities for new drugs discovery due to their supremacy for the possession of phytochemicals compounds known for diverse antimicrobial activities. The world ever increasing demand for therapeutic drugs from natural products with particular interest in edible plants for safety purposes is now catching researchers’ attention. This study therefore aimed at determining the presence of some bioactive phytochemical components of methanolic leaf extract of M. citrifolia L. Qualitative screening of leaf extract has confirmed the existence of Tannins, steroids, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids in the mixture. And these bioactive compounds correspond to phytochemicals with antimicrobial, nematicide, pesticidal, antioxidant, ant-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anti-allergy, and anti-carcinogenic properties (bioactive compounds) earlier documented by previous researchers.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Experimental Pharmacokinetics of New Neurotropic Peptides

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Boyko ◽  
V.P. Zherdev ◽  
R.V. Shevchenko ◽  
O.G. Gribakina
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Active Peptides ◽  
Nootropic Drug ◽  
Enzymatic Action ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Glycine Ethyl Ester ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Experimental pharmacokinetics of new pharmacologically active peptides, modified analogues of endogenous neuropeptides, has been investigated in rats and rabbits. The study icluded 3 new drugs: (i) the nootropic drug noopept (phenylacetyl-prolyl-glycine ethyl ester); (ii) dilept (N-caproyl-L-prolyl-L-tyrosine methyl ester) – the antipsychotic with positive mnemotropic action; (iii) compound GB-115 – selective anxiolytic (phenylhexanoyl-prolyl-tryptophan amide). Differences in pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the studied drugs depended on their structural features. The ether derivatives noopept and dilept underwent intensive metabolism by rat gastrointestinal esterases and peptidases with the formation of active metabolites. Being an amide, the compound GB-115 was more resistant to the enzymatic effects of peptidases and was detected for a longer period in the blood of experimental animals. In rabbits the studied compounds were less exposed to the enzymatic action by gastrointestinal peptidases, and were detected plasma of rabbits for a longer period. The higher stability of the compounds studied in rabbits may be attributed not only to the structural features of the studied dipeptides, but also to differences in the activity of the enzymatic systems of the gastrointestinal tract participating in their metabolism, as well as differences in the rate of hepatic and renal blood flow in rats and rabbits.

scholarly journals Isolation and structure elucidation of a new oleanane type glycoside from the aerial portion of Cestrum nocturnum

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Humaira Inayat ◽  
Ikhtiar Khan ◽  
Viqar Uddin Ahmad ◽  
Mubeen Rani ◽  
Murad Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Aerial Portion ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) is an ornamental plant cultivated in various parts of the world due to its sweet-scented white flowers. It is commonly called night-blooming Jessamine (Raat ki Rani). The genus is known for its toxicity to feedents. The leaves may cause uneasiness in animals which may lead to severe gastroenteritis. The plant is known to be a rich source of pharmacologically active saponins. Looking to its various pharmacological activities as reported, the plant was explored for the isolation of new phytochemicals. During the process, a new oleanen type glycoside was isolated from the butanolic fraction of the leaves of Cestrum nocturnum and was characterized as 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-olean-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-β-arabinopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-galacto-pyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, along with two reported compounds nocturnoside A and karativoside A. The structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry.   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 141-148. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.13

Recent Advances in Ethnopharmacological and Toxicological Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Aloe barbadensis (Miller), Aloe vera

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Gupta ◽  
Nagendra Sastry Yarla ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqui ◽  
Bechan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
The World

Background: Aloe barbadensis (Miller) is one of the most used medicinal herbs in the world since antiquity due to its valuable application as pharmacological properties. The species of A. vera are widely distributed and cultivated throughout the world. Objective: This review article aims to present an account of information on phytochemistry, pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds from A. vera highlighting the mechanism of action and functional food supplement to improve human health. The development of A. vera based phytomedicines and its future trends were also evaluated. Methods: A bibliographic search of scientific literature published till March 2020 was carried out from the scientific databases and different search engines such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, and Scopus. The keywords used in several combinations included: Aloe vera, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, treatment, prevention, disease, health, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. From eligible articles, the data were independently extracted by standard data extraction method. Results: A. vera is a good source of bioactive compounds. A. vera has been reported for numerous therapeutic applications. Besides several valuable therapeutic potentials, the plant has been also used as crop and food preservation as well as a functional food supplement due to the presence of high content of carbohydrates, vitamins and several antioxidant molecules. Its oral ingestion has been related to diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, kidney dysfunction, drug interactions, dermatitis, erythema, and phototoxicity. Conclusion: Although there are several A. vera-based products available, the knowledge on the relationship between biological and therapeutic properties should be clearly defined to ascertain the exact action mechanism(s) to develop new drugs.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemicals of Leaf Extracts from 10 NativeRhododendronSpecies in Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Yang Lin ◽  
Lei-Chen Lin ◽  
Shang-Tse Ho ◽  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Yen-Hsueh Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Products

Rhododendron, one of the most famous ornamental plants in the world, is traditionally a medicinal plant. However, the potential bioactivities of nativeRhododendronin Taiwan have not been completely studied. In this study, the results revealed thatRhododendron pseudochrysanthumexhibited the best antioxidant activities among 10 nativeRhododendronspecies in Taiwan. Furthermore, based on a bioactivity-guided isolation principle, nine specific phytochemicals were isolated and identified as (2R,3S)-catechin (1), (2R,3R)-epicatechin (1′), (2R,3R)-dihydromyricetin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (2), (2S,3S)-taxifolin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (2′), (2R,3R)-taxifolin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (3), myricetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3′), rutin (4), hyperoside (5), and quercitrin (6). Of these compounds,2and3were found to be major bioactive compounds, and their concentrations in then-butanol (BuOH) fraction were determined to be 52.0 and 67.3 mg per gram, respectively. These results demonstrated that methanolic extracts ofRhododendron pseudochrysanthumleaves have excellent antioxidant activities and great potential as a source for natural health products.

scholarly journals Actinomycetes: A Never-Ending Source of Bioactive Compounds—An Overview on Antibiotics Production

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Davide De Simeis ◽  
Stefano Serra
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Health Organization

The discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 provided us with access to a new class of compounds useful at fighting bacterial infections: antibiotics. Ever since, a number of studies were carried out to find new molecules with the same activity. Microorganisms belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, the Actinomycetes, were the most important sources of antibiotics. Bioactive compounds isolated from this order were also an important inspiration reservoir for pharmaceutical chemists who realized the synthesis of new molecules with antibiotic activity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), antibiotic resistance is currently one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development. The world urgently needs to adopt measures to reduce this risk by finding new antibiotics and changing the way they are used. In this review, we describe the primary role of Actinomycetes in the history of antibiotics. Antibiotics produced by these microorganisms, their bioactivities, and how their chemical structures have inspired generations of scientists working in the synthesis of new drugs are described thoroughly.

Laricifomes officinalis – a rich source of pharmacologically active triterpenes

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sturm ◽  
K Gallmetzer ◽  
A Friedl ◽  
B Waltenberger ◽  
V Temml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rich Source ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Growth Behavior in Lettuce Cultivars Grown under Field and Greenhouse Conditions

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Melisa Lanza Volpe ◽  
Verónica C. Soto Vargas ◽  
Anabel Morón ◽  
Roxana E. González
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Field Production

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy greens worldwide. The nutritional value of its edible leaf depends on different factors including type and growing conditions. The aim was to determine the bioactive compounds content, antioxidant activity and growth behavior of twenty-two lettuce genotypes, cultivated under field and greenhouse conditions. Total phenolic compound, chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activities were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences between bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and growth behavior were found among cultivars and morphological types, for both growth conditions. Carotenoid and chlorophyll content was higher in greenhouse conditions for all genotypes. In field production, butterhead and iceberg lettuces showed lower content of these bioactive compounds. The red-pigmented Falbala cultivar from field production showed the highest level of polyphenols and anthocyanin. Meanwhile, in greenhouse conditions, the oak leaf cultivar Grenadine displayed the highest concentration of these phenolic compounds. The iceberg type lettuce showed the lowest percentages of antioxidant activity in both environments. The results showed the effect of growing conditions and the high variability in lettuce bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity among the different types.

scholarly journals Ketamine—50 years in use: from anesthesia to rapid antidepressant effects and neurobiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345
Author(s):  
Samuel Kohtala
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractOver the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been studied and used for several new indications, ranging from chronic pain to drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. The discovery of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine has resulted in a surge of interest towards understanding the precise mechanisms driving its effects. Indeed, ketamine may have had the largest impact for advancements in the research and treatment of psychiatric disorders in the past few decades. While intense research efforts have been aimed towards uncovering the molecular targets underlying ketamine’s effects in treating depression, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. These efforts are made more difficult by ketamine’s complex dose-dependent effects on molecular mechanisms, multiple pharmacologically active metabolites, and a mechanism of action associated with the facilitation of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the different uses of ketamine, with an emphasis on examining ketamine’s rapid antidepressant effects spanning molecular, cellular, and network levels. Another focus of the review is to offer a perspective on studies related to the different doses of ketamine used in antidepressant research. Finally, the review discusses some of the latest hypotheses concerning ketamine’s action.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Schisandra chinensis Fruits and Their Active Constituents

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Kopustinskiene ◽  
Jurga Bernatoniene
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) fruits, their extracts, and bioactive compounds are used in alternative medicine as adaptogens and ergogens protecting against numerous neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, and skin disorders. S. chinensis fruit extracts and their active compounds are potent antioxidants and mitoprotectors exerting anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-aging effects. S. chinensis polyphenolic compounds—flavonoids, phenolic acids and the major constituents dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are responsible for the S. chinensis antioxidant activities. This review will focus on the direct and indirect antioxidant effects of S. chinensis fruit extract and its bioactive compounds in the cells during normal and pathological conditions.

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