scholarly journals Biowastes as a Potential Energy Source in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deodatus Kazawadi ◽  
Justin Ntalikwa ◽  
Godlisten Kombe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Dependency ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

High population and industrialization have brought the need for a reliable and sustainable source of energy and protection of the environment. Although Africa has a low energy consumption capacity (3.4% of the global share in 2019), its high population growth rate and industrialization predict high energy demand in the future. Reliable and available energy resources are required to protect the environment and create energy dependency. Despite Africa’s low energy consumption capacity (3.4% of global consumption in 2019), its rapid population growth rate and industrialization indicate future significant energy demand. The current high production of biowastes with high energy content and their low utilization provides an opportunity for energy dependency, crop value addition, creation of jobs, and protection of the environment. The chapter has identified that the African population of 1.203 billion in 2017 consumed 928 Mtoe of energy and this demand is expected to increase in years to come. The energy mix has been identified to depend on fossil fuels with little consideration of biowastes. The biowaste is reported to contain 20.1 TWh in 2025. Biowaste is currently underutilized, and there are few conversion methods available. Government and non-government investments have been reported to be making efforts to improve bioenergy and biowaste usage. The prevailing challenges have been low proven technologies, poor energy policy, low population knowledge, and poor investments. Biowastes use can be increased when environmental laws and legislation are tightened, energy policy strengthened and enforced, cheap and appropriate technologies are introduced, and the population Education is provided. It is expected that when biowastes are well utilized, energy will be available even in disadvantaged (remote) areas at an affordable price for the developing continent of Africa.

scholarly journals Research on the Defrosting System of Refrigerated Containers Combining Air and Electro-Thermal Energy and the Controlling Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 02058
Author(s):  
Kaitai Hua
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Considering the problems such as long duration of defrosting, low working reliability and high energy consumption of refrigerated containers, this paper put forward a new defrosting method combining air and electro-thermal energy, and designed a new defrosting structure system based on the structural features of refrigeration modules of refrigerated containers. The two-variable method of wind pressure change and temperature difference change on both sides of the evaporator was used to detect frosting, and the specific controlling strategy supporting the new defrosting system was provided to realize the effect of intelligent defrosting. It can provide references for fast defrosting, intelligent defrosting and low energy consumption defrosting of refrigerated containers.

scholarly journals Emerging Tunnel FET and Spintronics based Hardware Secure Circuit Design with Ultra-low Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Japa ◽  
Subhendu K. Sahoo ◽  
Ramesh Vaddi ◽  
Manoj Kumar Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sense Amplifier ◽  
Tunnel Fet ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Static Power ◽  
Channel Lengths

Abstract Present CMOS technology with scaled channel lengths exhibited higher energy consumption in designing secure electronic circuits against hardware vulnerabilities and breaches. Specifically, CMOS sense amplifier based secure differential power analysis (DPA) countermeasures at scaled channel lengths show large energy consumption with increased vulnerability. Additionally, spin transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ) and CMOS based logic-in-memory (LiM) cells demonstrate high energy consumption due to the large write current requirement of STT-MTJ and poor MOS device performance at scaled channel lengths. This paper for the first time leverages emerging tunnel FET (TFET) steep-slope device characteristics and compatible non-volatile STT-MTJ devices for enhanced hardware security with ultra-low energy consumption at lower supply voltages. TFET based sense amplifier based logic (SABL) gates have been proposed that achieve 3× lower energy consumption compared to Si FinFET SABL designs. Further, utilizing TFET SABL gates, TFET Pride S-box is designed that exhibits higher DPA resilience with 3.2× lower energy consumption compared to FinFET designs. With resulted lower static power consumption, TFET SABL based crypto systems can show lower vulnerability to static power side-channel attacks. Besides, proposed STT-MTJ and TFET LiM gates achieves 4× lower energy consumption compared to STT-MTJ and FinFET designs. Moreover, these gates have been explored in logic encryption/locking technique that shows 3.1× lower energy consumption compared to STT-MTJ and FinFET based design.

scholarly journals Selection of parameters during shredding of corn stalks as an additive to the polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
M Macko ◽  
D Łączny ◽  
J Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Grinding Speed ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Variant ◽  
Cylindrical Holes ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper presents the results of research on the process of grinding dried corn stalks to use them as polylactide filler. Shredding was carried out on a laboratory shredder with the use of a design variant based on discs with cylindrical holes. By selecting the design variant, the appropriate grinding speed and the material pressure on the shredder discs, the most favourable parameters in terms of the quality of the shredded product and low energy consumption were selected. The research was conducted to reduce the energy demand during the shredding process and to obtain the shredded material suitable for further processing steps.

The Measure and Analysis of Industry Total Factor Energy Efficiency about Inner Mongolia Based on the DEA Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1345-1348
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Liu ◽  
Jiao Yu ◽  
Yu Duo Lu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This article discusses the application of the data envelopment analysis in the energy efficiency measure of the industries, which thinks that according to energy consumption intensity industries can be divided into three categories, high, middle and low energy consumption, respectively discussion will have more theoretical significance. Later, this paper chooses constant returns to scale model, respectively measures total factor energy efficiency to three kinds of Inner Mongolia industrial industries, and summarizes the changes and characteristics of energy efficiency in these three kinds of industries. Result shows that, the energy efficiencies among high energy consumption industries are similar and recently they began to decline; the energy efficiencies of middle energy consumption industries are relatively high, but there are some differences between industries; in most low energy consumption industries energy efficiencies are low and the fluctuation is lesser, but several fluctuations are bigger which industries are worth our attention.

Structure Adjustment and Sustainable Growth in Hebei Province with the Bondage of Energy Resources and Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 3164-3168
Author(s):  
Qun Li Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
High Energy Consumption

With the datum of output, energy consumptions and environment pollutions of 36 industries of HeBei Province during the period of 2005-2007, we first calculated the marginal values of GDP contributions, energy consumptions and environment damages each industry played on the whole provincial economy. Compared with the average values, the industries were further divided into four groups with the method of Four Quadrants, which are the ones of (High-Growth-Contribution, High-Energy-Consumption or High-Pollution), (Low-Growth-Contribution, High-Energy-Consumption or High-Pollution)), (Low-Growth –Contribution , Low-Energy-Consumption or Low-Pollution), (High-Growth–Contribution , Low-Energy-Consumption or Low-Pollution). Based on this division, we put forward the suggestions of structural adjustment for each group of industries in views of sustainable development.

Subei Urban Residential Developments in Thermal Comfort Problem

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1029-1032
Author(s):  
Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The North ◽  
Residential Developments ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Many residents are superstitious so-called high-tech residential, see the technology will bring the thermal comfort, in fact, some high-tech residential only additional high-grade HVAC facility, the thermal comfort should not advocate in the northern Jiangsu area, after all, this is a high energy consumption of thermal comfort. In the north of Jiangsu Province, should promote low energy consumption of thermal comfort residential.

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