Revisited Strategies of Politeness Translation in 'The Simpsons' Sitcom

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Alireza Akbari ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Special System ◽  
The Simpsons ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
The Right

Generally, the role of politeness in society can never be legitimately repudiated. In this direction, politeness and its role in translation studies would be considered as a universal phenomenon across languages and cultures. However, every language has its special system of expressing and translating politeness expression in order to satiate the needs of the target audience completely. Therefore, translator as 'Sprachmittler' may confront with particular and culture-bound politeness facets which can a paramount source of difficulty for them. Hence, deciphering the points of similarities and differences across languages and cultures is of significance importance for the translator who is responsible for amalgamating and reconciling source language regulations to the target language ones. The present study strives for tracing one stable and durable politeness framework for the translator of which their aims are to transfer the main essence of the source language into the target one. This framework was proposed by Akbari (2014) consisting two particular strategies namely solidarity and deference strategies along with eight procedures showing the right path to translator in order to produce an indelible rendering. Also this study utilizes Pearson chisquare (χ2) to see the correlation between solidarity and deference strategies found in the source and target languages.

scholarly journals Translation activities on oral translation and written translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Woang
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies ◽  
Target Languages

Translation activities and studies from one language to another must be carried out to understand the thoughts, ideas, culture, and knowledge of other nations who have different styles. Put translation activities can be divided into two types, namely oral translation or what is often referred to as oral translation and written translation, whereas translation studies are divided into two types, namely descriptive translation studies and translation theory studies. In the field of descriptive translation studies have two objects, namely the work of translation and the process of translation. Translation activities certainly require translation techniques or styles. Translation techniques are procedures or procedures for analyzing and classifying translation equivalents from source languages to target languages and can be used in a variety of lingual units. In translation activities, the use of techniques used by translators is not an important thing. The most important thing for a translator is the technique chosen can fulfill the purpose of the translation. Among the objectives of the translation, activity as a communication tool that connects the writer in the source language with the reader in the target language, and the translator as the mediator or the liaison of both.

scholarly journals Translating Magic: balancing art and science in the translation of Harry Potter

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Destruel
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Book Series ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Scientific Approach

Literature is rightfully regarded as an art, but when translation enters the fray, it can require a somewhat scientific approach. Throw in a little bit of “Harry Potter” magic, and it can really become tricky. Translation is challenging, as it requires us to look not only at problems such as equivalence and the use of names, but also culture itself. Linguistic factors are also an issue, as a certain type of word might be abundant in the source language, but not very common in the target language. The role of the translator is therefore to distinguish what in a text is potentially translatable from what is fundamentally not. From there, one must walk the thin line between the art of translation – our personal hunches – and the science of translation – which is often too literal. In the case of J.K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series, another difficulty arises. She has revealed herself as a wordsmith, not only with her writing skills, but also through her ability to coin and construct original words. Whether using terms from ancient mythologies, extinct languages or everyday life, her writing is known for an abundance of puns, linguistic jokes and other allusions that are mixed to create a brand new lexicon. Some examples include Harry Potter’s school, Hogwarts, the magical sport, Quidditch, as well as an array of supernatural creatures such as Thestrals and Jobberknolls. This may be the reason why her books have caught the interest of the linguistics and translation studies communities; their richness and diversity make the possibilities nearly endless. Each name or word created comes with a baggage of undertones and veiled references that translators must track and recognize before they attempt to translate them. As an additional complication, the Harry Potter books were first thought to be children’s literature, and only later attracted an older audience more prone to read between the lines and detect the hidden meanings of words. As a result, the series is known for its ambivalence, since children and adults alike can enjoy it for different reasons. Keeping these facts in mind, this research aims at using today’s linguistic theories and looking at word creation in both English and French in order to establish patterns of translation, and suggest possible equivalents for some of J. K. Rowling’s inventions.

scholarly journals Optimizing Tokenization Choice for Machine Translation across Multiple Target Languages

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Zalmout ◽  
Nizar Habash
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Morphologically Rich Languages ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Language Text

AbstractTokenization is very helpful for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), especially when translating from morphologically rich languages. Typically, a single tokenization scheme is applied to the entire source-language text and regardless of the target language. In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that SMT performance may benefit from different tokenization schemes for different words within the same text, and also for different target languages. We apply this approach to Arabic as a source language, with five target languages of varying morphological complexity: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Our results show that different target languages indeed require different source-language schemes; and a context-variable tokenization scheme can outperform a context-constant scheme with a statistically significant performance enhancement of about 1.4 BLEU points.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EU CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Indra Grietēna
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The University ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Interference Problems ◽  
State Language

The paper reviews publications by Latvian linguists looking at the main translation problems within the context of the EU between 2005 and 2010. The author analyses the publications from three aspects: general aspects of translation problems and practices within the EU context, particular translation problems, and methodological publications providing guidelines for translators working within the EU context. The author reveals discussions on the ways translation influences language in general, the role of the source language for the development of the target language, and the role and responsibility of a translator at the ‘historical crossroads’. The article discusses a number of EU-specific translation problems, including source language interference, problems of the translator’s visibility and a translation’s transparency, ‘false friends’, and linguistic and contextual untranslatability. The author briefly summarizes the contents of guidelines and manuals for translators working within the EU context, highlighting the main differences between English and Latvian written language practices, literal (word-for-word) translation and the translator’s relationship with the source text. The publications selected and analysed have been published either in conference proceedings or in academic journals from the leading Latvian institutions in the field of translation: Ventspils University College, the University of Latvia, the State Language Commission of Latvia and Translation and Terminology Centre of Latvia.

Term (objective correlative) A second reading

2021 ◽  
pp. arabic cover-english cover
Author(s):  
فتحي أبو مراد ◽  
ناصر حسن يعقوب
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Term Objective

حاولت الدراسة، استكناه حقيقة مصطلح (objective correlative) المعادل الموضوعي، ورصد ترجماته المختلفة إلى اللغة العربية، حسب تسلسلها الزمني، وتتبع الاختلافات والائتلافات في هذه الترجمات، وتعليل أسباب هذا وذلك، وبيان إشكالات الترجمة في فهم معنى المصطلح ودلالاته. ومن ثم شرعت الدراسة في كشف طبيعة هذا المصطلح، ومفهومه ومكوناته الأساسية، وجوهره القائم على إيجاد معادلات موضوعية حسية لمكنونات عالم الشاعر الداخلي المجرد، ومحاولة تجسيد هذا العالم المجرد عبر صور وأشكال فنية حسية قابلة للمعاينة، وفي الآن نفسه قادرة على إثارة حالة شعورية في المتلقي تشبه إلى حدٍ كبيرٍ تلك الحالة التي يعانيها الشاعر نفسه. وقد اتكأت الدراسة على معطيات المنهج التكاملي، واستعانت بكثير من وسائله، وآلياته في الوصف والتحليل في مقاربتها لموضوع الدراسة، استجابةً لطبيعة الموضوع نفسه الذي تمتدّ أوصاله وشرايينه في سراديب مسائل عدة؛ فمنها ما يتصل بلغة (المصدر) اللغة الأجنبية، وإشكالات الترجمة. ومنها ما يتصل بلغة (الهدف) اللغة العربية، وقضايا الترادف والمشترك اللفظي، وقضية الاختيار. ومنها ما يتصل في الجانب التطبيقي لبعض النصوص الذي تضمنتها الدراسة، وما يستدعيه النص الشعري من نظرة تكاملية شمولية. وخلصت الدراسة إلى نتائج عدّة منها: أن مفهوم هذا المصطلح يتبأّر حول إيجاد معادلات حسية خارجية لحالات الشعور الداخلية للشاعر، وأن الممارسات العملية المختلفة لمعطيات المعادل الموضوعي، تتمحور حول استقطاب أدوات فنية وأسلوبية قادرة على التعبير والتشكيل والتصوير في آنٍ واحدٍ، وما إلى ذلك من استعمالات اللغة، استعمالًا خاصًا قادرًا على تجسيد المجرد الداخلي للشاعر، عبر صور حسّية تبوح بعواطف الشاعر وأفكاره، وترسم لها صورةً مشابهةً في وعي القارئ. This study tries to find out what is meant by the expression "objective correlative" and to follow its different translations into Arabic according to its chronology. It also tries to show similarities and differences in those translations by giving reasons for each of them، and the obstacles that face readers to understand the meaning and semantics of the expression. Then، the study proceeds to discover the nature، the conception، and the main components of this expression، and its main aim to find out objective and sensitive correlative for the hidden feelings of the poet’s world through art and sensory images and forms that are reviewable and which are able to stimulate an emotional state for the receiver which is similar to that of the poet himself. The study depends on the data taken from the integrated approach and borrows many of its means and procedures to describe and analyze the data in this study in response to the nature of the subject whose components stretch to contain matters. Some relate to the source language (English) and obstacles in translation، others relate to the target language (Arabic) and the issues of tandem، verb al joint،echoic and its effect on translating the expression. Some relate to the practical aspects of some texts which were included in the study and the integrated and comprehensive view needed for poetry. This study comes to some conclusions، such as: The expression "objective correlative" focuses on the external sensitive correlative of the inner feeling of the poet. The different practical experiences are polarizing on constructive and stylistic forms that are able to express forms، and give images at the same time. The uses of language for certain propose are able to represent the inner abstract feeling of the poet through sensitive images that reveal the poet’s feelings and thoughts and to draw a similar image in the reader's awareness.

scholarly journals The Effect of Collocation on Meaning Representation of Adjectives such as Big and Large in Translation from Two Languages Used in the Article to English Language Texts

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Malahat Minaabad
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Meaning Representation ◽  
Contextual Meaning

Translation is the process to transfer written or spoken source language (SL) texts to equivalent written or spoken target language (TL) texts. Translation studies (TS) relies so heavily on a concept of meaning, that one may claim that there is no TS without any reference to meanings. People’s understanding of the meaning of sentences is far more reliable than their understanding of the meaning of words. Since what people know when they know the meaning of a word is important, but the skill of incorporating that word appropriately into meaningful linguistic contexts is more important. Our interest here lies in the shift of emphasis from referential or dictionary meaning to contextual meaning of adjectives such as big, and large in translation to English language texts or vice versa. Since big and large are synonyms, it is not surprising that they can be used to describe many of the same nouns. However, they are not perfect synonyms, and there are some differences in the distribution of these adjectives which make some problems for translators especially from those languages which these kinds of differences are not so obvious.    

Translating the translingual text

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Language ◽  
American Writer ◽  
Russian Linguistic

This article examines strategies applied in selected passages of Elena Petrova’s Russian translation of Olga Grushin’s anglophone novel The Dream Life of Sukhanov (2005). The novel is set in Moscow during the late Soviet period and depicts a crisis precipitated by the changes brought by glasnost in the life of a loyal apparatchik. Although the Russian-American writer Grushin composed the novel in her adopted language of English, it reflects a Russian cultural subtext and contains numerous Russian linguistic elements and cultural allusions. It is therefore interesting to analyze how these elements are rendered in the Russian translation, entitled Zhizn’ Sukhanova v snovideniiakh (2011). The analysis is followed by a consideration of challenges posed by translingual texts to theoretical understandings of translation. It argues that established concepts within translation studies, such as domestication, foreignization, source language and target language, are not well-suited to cases of literary translingualism.

Language contact through translation

Target ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-455
Author(s):  
Shuangzi Pang ◽  
Kefei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Chinese Texts

Abstract This article investigates the role of translations from English in language change in Chinese. It employs a new corpus, the Chinese Diachronic Composite Corpus (CDCC), which incorporates a parallel corpus and comparable corpus in three sampling periods in the twentieth century, and a refe­rence corpus as a starting point in the timeframe. We examine whether explicitness in English–Chinese translations has exerted an impact on the target language, focusing on adversative conjunctions as a measure of explicitness. The results of the study demonstrate that: (1) translated Chinese texts have changed in step with original Chinese texts in the frequency of adversative conjunctions; (2) translated Chinese texts and original Chinese texts are interrelated throughout the three periods, but the correlation between them has changed perceptibly over the three sample points; and (3) source language interference found in translated Chinese texts increases over the three periods.

Study in cultural semantics of translation

Babel ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Khan Farhadiba ◽  
Mahameed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Complete Fusion ◽  
Indian Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Cultural Interface ◽  
Technical Rules

The aim of this paper is to consider the role of Cultural Semantics in Translation. This paper argues that it will never be a fair translation if something new has not been added to it. Therefore a degree of cultural interface between two language groups from (English to Indian language) is required for translating any text. Furthermore, this paper also gives an account of how in nineteenth century India the colonial agenda of translating indigenous texts was a part of a larger enterprise of Imperialism to the recent times where the attempt has been to rescue the work of translation from the restrictions imposed by the rhetoric of technical rules regarding transference from Source Language to Target Language. The result is one of complete fusion between the Source language and the Target Language.

A multifactorial analysis of explicitation in translation

Target ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Zufferey ◽  
Bruno Cartoni
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Multifactorial Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Discourse Relations ◽  
Target Languages

The search for translation universals has been an important topic in translation studies over the past decades. In this paper, we focus on the notion of explicitation through a multifaceted study of causal connectives, integrating four different variables: the role of the source and the target languages, the influence of specific connectives and the role of the discourse relation they convey. Our results indicate that while source and target languages do not globally influence explicitation, specific connectives have a significant impact on this phenomenon. We also show that in English and French, the most frequently used connectives for explicitation share a similar semantic profile. Finally, we demonstrate that explicitation also varies across different discourse relations, even when they are conveyed by a single connective.

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