scholarly journals Translation activities on oral translation and written translation

Author(s):  
James P. Woang

Translation activities and studies from one language to another must be carried out to understand the thoughts, ideas, culture, and knowledge of other nations who have different styles. Put translation activities can be divided into two types, namely oral translation or what is often referred to as oral translation and written translation, whereas translation studies are divided into two types, namely descriptive translation studies and translation theory studies. In the field of descriptive translation studies have two objects, namely the work of translation and the process of translation. Translation activities certainly require translation techniques or styles. Translation techniques are procedures or procedures for analyzing and classifying translation equivalents from source languages to target languages and can be used in a variety of lingual units. In translation activities, the use of techniques used by translators is not an important thing. The most important thing for a translator is the technique chosen can fulfill the purpose of the translation. Among the objectives of the translation, activity as a communication tool that connects the writer in the source language with the reader in the target language, and the translator as the mediator or the liaison of both.

Author(s):  
Mohamad Irham Poluwa ◽  
Nafilaturif'ah Nafilaturif'ah

The current study aimed to find out the translation techniques applied by the translator in creating the Indonesian subtitles for the original lyrics of Shelter – a collaboration project of music video by Porter Robinson and Madeon, A1-Pictures and Crunchyroll uploaded on YouTube in 2016. The data were analyzed based on the audiovisual translation theory, especially the linguistics of subtitling, the translation technical procedures in the compared stylistics, and the choice in song translation. The study also applied qualitative approach which enabled the researchers to emerge data in descriptive way (in the form of words or pictures instead of numbers). Furthermore, the data were also in the forms of an audiovisual content. The study indicated that most of the lyrics were translated based on literal translation that was reflected by the equivalence of the source language and the target language. The audiovisual theory, particularly reduction theory was also applied in creating the subtitles. In addition, the subtitles were created without taking the music into consideration, meaning that the subtitles were devoted as a supplement or no more than another piece of the source text.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afrizal Lutfi Prahara

<p>The author is analyzing and conducting a translation research in interrogative utterances from the film "500 Days of Summer" especially WH questions, because WH questions not only contain information at the surface structure, but also pragmatic functions within them. This study is being carried out in order to help the writer and readers understand interrogative sentences more clearly. This research is conducted under Translational research using a descriptive qualitative method. The analysis applies the theory of Nida &amp; Taber’s translation theory, Newmark’s translation theory, Mona Baker’s translation techniques theory, Marcella Frank’s interrogative sentences theory and Nababan, Nuraeni &amp; Sumardiono’s translation quality assessment theory.</p>The scope of this research is a translational analysis of a film subtitle. This research focuses on the translation of interrogative utterances in the form of WH questions in the film "500 Days of Summer" specifically character dialogues. This research intends to investigate the pragmatic function of the utterances on the target language, as well as the pragmatic differences that may exist between the source and target languages, as well as the translator's translation techniques, including their impact on translation quality.


2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Alireza Akbari ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari

Generally, the role of politeness in society can never be legitimately repudiated. In this direction, politeness and its role in translation studies would be considered as a universal phenomenon across languages and cultures. However, every language has its special system of expressing and translating politeness expression in order to satiate the needs of the target audience completely. Therefore, translator as 'Sprachmittler' may confront with particular and culture-bound politeness facets which can a paramount source of difficulty for them. Hence, deciphering the points of similarities and differences across languages and cultures is of significance importance for the translator who is responsible for amalgamating and reconciling source language regulations to the target language ones. The present study strives for tracing one stable and durable politeness framework for the translator of which their aims are to transfer the main essence of the source language into the target one. This framework was proposed by Akbari (2014) consisting two particular strategies namely solidarity and deference strategies along with eight procedures showing the right path to translator in order to produce an indelible rendering. Also this study utilizes Pearson chisquare (χ2) to see the correlation between solidarity and deference strategies found in the source and target languages.


Fachsprache ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Margarete Flöter-Durr ◽  
Thierry Grass

Despite the work of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson (1989), the concept of relevance has not enjoyed the popularity it deserved among translators as it appears to be more productive in information science and sociology than in translation studies. The theory of relevance provides underpinnings of a unified account of translation proposed by Ernst-August Gutt. However, if the concept of relevance should take into account all parameters of legal translation, the approach should be pragmatic and not cognitive: The aim of a relevant translation is to produce a legal text in the target language which appears relevant to the lawyer in the target legal system, namely a text that can be used in the same way as the original source text. The legal translator works as a facilitator from one legal system into another and relevance is the core of this pragmatic approach which requires translation techniques like adaptation rather than through-translation or calque (in the terminology of Delisle/Lee-Jahnk/Cormier 1999). This contribution tries to show that relevance theory, which was developed in the field of sociology by Alfred Schütz, could also be applied to translation theory with the aim of producing a correct translation in a concrete situation. Some examples extracted from one year of the practice of an expert law translator (German-French) at the Court of Appeal in the Alsace region illustrate our claim and underpin an approach of legal translation and its heuristics that is both pragmatic and reflexive.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayantina Arafanti ◽  
Rahmanti Asmarani

This study aims to find the translation techniques used by the translator in translating sentences of the bilingual destination map. The researchers used descriptive qualitative method to describe the translation techniques applied in the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” which is translated into “Central Java Tourist Map”. This study starts by finding the problem, collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, and drawing the conclusion. The mostly used in translation techniques is literal translation technique to make the translation work clear for the tourists domestic even international. This technique is used when the target language (TL) is applied through the sentence without observing the differences of context or meaning in the source language (SL), whereas the discursive creation and description are rarely used.


2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Zalmout ◽  
Nizar Habash

AbstractTokenization is very helpful for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), especially when translating from morphologically rich languages. Typically, a single tokenization scheme is applied to the entire source-language text and regardless of the target language. In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that SMT performance may benefit from different tokenization schemes for different words within the same text, and also for different target languages. We apply this approach to Arabic as a source language, with five target languages of varying morphological complexity: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Our results show that different target languages indeed require different source-language schemes; and a context-variable tokenization scheme can outperform a context-constant scheme with a statistically significant performance enhancement of about 1.4 BLEU points.


Author(s):  
Abdul-Nafi' Kh. Hasan

The purpose of conducting this study is to identify and handle the problems arising from translating conversational words and phrases rooted in culture from English into Kurdish and vice versa. To achieve the objectives of the current research, source language conversational texts associated with greetings, politeness terms, kinship terms, address terms and words and phrases used on different occasions are translated into their counterparts in the target language. The results obtained from the translations show that translating cultural concepts is problematic and burdensome, and the problems identified result from cultural differences between the two languages and from literal translation which often leads to unnatural and incomprehensible expressions although this technique is used to borrow a source language expression. The results also indicate that translating culturally-bound conversational words and phrases requires good knowledge and mastery of both languages and cultures and proper use of various translation techniques. This research paper is an attempt to identify the problems that arise in translating culturally-specific conversational words and phrases from English into Kurdish and vice versa. It also aims to find out effective ways of overcoming the problem through implementing appropriate techniques for translating culturally-loaded words and phrases associated with greetings, terms of address, politeness terms, family relationship, in both languages.


2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Malahat Minaabad

Translation is the process to transfer written or spoken source language (SL) texts to equivalent written or spoken target language (TL) texts. Translation studies (TS) relies so heavily on a concept of meaning, that one may claim that there is no TS without any reference to meanings. People’s understanding of the meaning of sentences is far more reliable than their understanding of the meaning of words. Since what people know when they know the meaning of a word is important, but the skill of incorporating that word appropriately into meaningful linguistic contexts is more important. Our interest here lies in the shift of emphasis from referential or dictionary meaning to contextual meaning of adjectives such as big, and large in translation to English language texts or vice versa. Since big and large are synonyms, it is not surprising that they can be used to describe many of the same nouns. However, they are not perfect synonyms, and there are some differences in the distribution of these adjectives which make some problems for translators especially from those languages which these kinds of differences are not so obvious.    


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hansen

This article examines strategies applied in selected passages of Elena Petrova’s Russian translation of Olga Grushin’s anglophone novel The Dream Life of Sukhanov (2005). The novel is set in Moscow during the late Soviet period and depicts a crisis precipitated by the changes brought by glasnost in the life of a loyal apparatchik. Although the Russian-American writer Grushin composed the novel in her adopted language of English, it reflects a Russian cultural subtext and contains numerous Russian linguistic elements and cultural allusions. It is therefore interesting to analyze how these elements are rendered in the Russian translation, entitled Zhizn’ Sukhanova v snovideniiakh (2011). The analysis is followed by a consideration of challenges posed by translingual texts to theoretical understandings of translation. It argues that established concepts within translation studies, such as domestication, foreignization, source language and target language, are not well-suited to cases of literary translingualism.


Babel ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunshen Zhu

Abstract The paper begins with an observation of the paradoxical status of Chinese as a lesstranslated source language but a much-translated target language, and that of Chinese translation studies as a much studied subject in China but a little-noted branch of translation studies in the world. It then analyzes the implications of the two current conceptions of Chinese translation studies: either (1) as a self-contained system of "translation studies in China", with China construed as a geopolitical body; or (2) as an open system of "Chinese language/culture-related translation studies", with the Chinese as a nation, a linguistic and cultural entity in an anthropological sense. It points out that the fi rst, exclusive conception has for too long kept Chinese translation studies from advancing a positive engagement with translation studies in other traditions, encouraging polarization of Chinese and non-Chinese translation studies into two opposite systems; while the second, inclusive conception relates the discipline more closely to other fields of Chinese-related academic study in the world, as well as translation studies in other languages/cultures. As such, Chinese translation studies, alongside an "applied" parallel which is more language-specific and practice-oriented, represents a linguistically medium- and culturally area-restricted branch of Partial Translation Studies under Pure Translation Studies. To substantiate its argument, the paper shows how the two conceptions may have infl uenced the interpretation of the time-honoured tenet of faithfulness-accessibility-elegance in Chinese translation studies for its conceptual sensibility and explanatory power. Résumé L’article commence par souligner le statut paradoxal du chinois, qui est une languesource moins traduite mais une langue-cible frequemment traduite, et dont les etudes de traduction chinoises constituent un sujet frequemment etudie en Chine mais une section peu cotee de la traductologie dans le monde. Il analyse ensuite les implications des deux conceptions actuelles de la traductologie chinoise : soit (1) un systeme independant de traductologie en Chine., la Chine etant consideree comme un organe geopolitique ; soit (2) un systeme ouvert d’etudes de traduction liees a la langue et a la culture chinoises., les Chinois etant une nation, une entite linguistique et culturelle au sens anthropologique du terme. Il montre que la premiere conception exclusive a trop longtemps empeche la traductologie chinoise d’avancer un engagement positif avec les etudes de traduction dans d’autres traditions, en encourageant la polarisation de la traductologie chinoise et nonchinoise en deux systemes opposes ; tandis que la seconde conception inclusive rapproche la discipline plus etroitement d’autres domaines d’etudes academiques liees au chinois dans le monde, ainsi que des autres etudes de traduction dans d’autres langues et cultures. En tant que telle, la traductologie chinoise, a cote d’un parallele .applique. qui est plus specifique a la langue et oriente vers la pratique, represente un moyen linguistique et une branche culturellement limitee a un domaine d’etudes partielles de traduction dans les etudes de traduction pures. Pour etayer son argument, l’article montre comment les deux conceptions peuvent avoir influence l’interpretation du principe, consacre par l’usage, de la fidelite — accessibilite — elegance dans la traductologie chinoise pour sa sensibilite conceptuelle et son pouvoir explicatif.


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