Transnational Feminism

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-162
Author(s):  
Eika Tai
Keyword(s):  
Transnational Feminism ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Comfort Women ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Scholarly Discussion ◽  
A Site ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Intense Debate

In scholarly discussion of the comfort women issue as a site for pursuing transnational feminism, the positionality of Japanese women has been examined as victims and as accomplices. An intense debate between Ueno Chizuko and Kim Pu-ja has taken place about how feminism could transcend nationalism. In her narrative, Nakahara Michiko, a historian, demonstrates an intricate way in which women from Japan and other Asian countries achieved transnational solidarity at the site of the movement, suggesting that Japanese people need to accept themselves as citizens of the perpetrator state regardless of their personal identifications. The narrative of Bang Chung-ja gives insight into the delicate nature of interaction between resident Korean activists and Japanese activists while pointing to the intersectional nature of the comfort women issue. Yoneda Mai is one generation younger than many Japanese activists, but her story echoes other stories in terms of respect for survivors, critical historical consciousness, and resistance to imperialist feminism.

Feminism against Japan’s Military Sexual Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Eika Tai
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Transnational Feminism ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Mutual Transformation ◽  
Feminist Scholar ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
Global Feminism ◽  
New Form ◽  
Transnational Solidarity

I find a new form of feminism in the activist narratives and analyze its nature by following the theorization of Ōgoshi Aiko, a feminist scholar in philosophy, who has maintained personal contacts with activists, including the late Matsui Yayori. This feminism, which I call JMSV feminism, differs from global feminism in that it has achieved transnational solidarity based on the realization that women are differentiated by power relations, not based on the discourse of universal womanhood promoted by global feminism. JMSV feminism is a form of critical transnational feminism characterized by postcolonial historical consciousness; intersectionality; transnational solidarity; mutual transformation; and the centrality of survivors. JMSV activists have demonstrated how feminists of a former colonial empire may develop an ethical relationship with underprivileged women by listening to their voices with moral humility. They also suggest that feminism is effective when it intersects with other kinds of activism.

scholarly journals Development of Fragility Curves for Piping and Slope Stability of River Levees

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Nicola Rossi ◽  
Mario Bačić ◽  
Meho Saša Kovačević ◽  
Lovorka Librić
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Design Code ◽  
A Site ◽  
Insight Into

The design code Eurocode 7 relies on semi-probabilistic calculation procedures, through utilization of the soil parameters obtained by in situ and laboratory tests, or by the means of transformation models. To reach a prescribed safety margin, the inherent soil parameter variability is accounted for through the application of partial factors to either soil parameters directly or to the resistance. However, considering several sources of geotechnical uncertainty, including the inherent soil variability, measurement error and transformation uncertainty, full probabilistic analyses should be implemented to directly consider the site-specific variability. This paper presents the procedure of developing fragility curves for levee slope stability and piping as failure mechanisms that lead to larger breaches, where a direct influence of the flood event intensity on the probability of failure is calculated. A range of fragility curve sets is presented, considering the variability of levee material properties and varying durations of the flood event, thus providing crucial insight into the vulnerability of the levee exposed to rising water levels. The procedure is applied to the River Drava levee, a site which has shown a continuous trend of increased water levels in recent years.

scholarly journals “IF YOU DON’T KNOW ME BY NOW…”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Whitehead ◽  
Allan Farrell ◽  
Jenifer L. Bratter
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Hispanic Origin ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
A Site ◽  
Intimate Partnerships ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT The racial composition of couples is a salient indicator of race’s impact on mate selection, but how well do those in intimate partnerships know the racial identities of their partners? While prior research has revealed that an individual’s race may be perceived differently than how they identify, most of what is known comes from brief interactions, with less information on established relationships. This study examines whether discrepancies in the reports of a person’s race or ethnicity can be identified even within intimate relationships, as well as which relational, social, and attitudinal factors are predictive of divergent or concordant reports. We draw on the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n=3467), a U.S.-based dataset that uniquely provides both the father’s self-reported race and Hispanic origin and the mother’s report of the father’s race and ethnicity. We compare reports of the father’s race/Hispanic origin from both parents to assess the extent of mismatch, and we distinguish between whether mothers view the father’s race as similar to or different from her own. We find roughly 14% of mothers provide a race and Hispanic origin that is inconsistent with the father’s report, with a large share reflecting differences in the self-identified and perceived race of fathers who are reported as Hispanic. Among mismatched reports, mothers are more likely to report a race/ethnicity for the father that matches her own, depressing the number reporting interracial unions. Perceptions of racial homogamy are especially likely when mothers view racial sameness as important to marriage. Further, mismatches are more common in the midst of weak relational ties (i.e. non-marital relationships) and are less common when both parents are college-educated. These findings reveal that intimate unions are a site where race is socially constructed and provide insight into how norms of endogamy manifest within formed relationships.

scholarly journals Rab1-AMPylation by Legionella DrrA is allosterically activated by Rab1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiqing Du ◽  
Marie-Kristin von Wrisberg ◽  
Burak Gulen ◽  
Matthias Stahl ◽  
Christian Pett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Allosteric Control ◽  
Rab Protein ◽  
Biochemical Characterisation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractLegionella pneumophila infects eukaryotic cells by forming a replicative organelle – the Legionella containing vacuole. During this process, the bacterial protein DrrA/SidM is secreted and manipulates the activity and post-translational modification (PTM) states of the vesicular trafficking regulator Rab1. As a result, Rab1 is modified with an adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and this process is referred to as AMPylation. Here, we use a chemical approach to stabilise low-affinity Rab:DrrA complexes in a site-specific manner to gain insight into the molecular basis of the interaction between the Rab protein and the AMPylation domain of DrrA. The crystal structure of the Rab:DrrA complex reveals a previously unknown non-conventional Rab-binding site (NC-RBS). Biochemical characterisation demonstrates allosteric stimulation of the AMPylation activity of DrrA via Rab binding to the NC-RBS. We speculate that allosteric control of DrrA could in principle prevent random and potentially cytotoxic AMPylation in the host, thereby perhaps ensuring efficient infection by Legionella.

scholarly journals Structure of a canonical RNase YoeB bound to the ribosome

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C207-C207
Author(s):  
Yun Chen ◽  
Shu Feng ◽  
Katsuhiko Kamada ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Kai Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Catalytic Core ◽  
General Base ◽  
Rna Hydrolysis ◽  
70S Ribosome ◽  
A Site ◽  
Insight Into

As a typical endoribonuclease, YoeB mediates cellular adaptation in diverse bacteria by degrading mRNAs on its activation. Although the catalytic core of YoeB is thought to be identical to well-studied nucleases, this enzyme specifically targets mRNA substrates that are associated with ribosomes in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism of mRNA recognition and cleavage by YoeB, and the requirement of ribosome for its optimal activity, largely remain elusive. Here, we report the structure of YoeB bound to 70S ribosome in pre-cleavage state, revealing that both the 30S and 50S subunits participate in YoeB binding. The mRNA is recognized by the catalytic core of YoeB, of which the general base/acid (Glu46/His83) are within hydrogen-bonding distance to their reaction atoms, demonstrating an active conformation of YoeB on ribosome. Also, the mRNA orientation involves the universally conserved A1493 and G530 of 16S rRNA. In addition, mass spectrometry data indicated that YoeB cleaves mRNA following the second position at the A-site codon, resulting in a final product with a 3'–phosphate at the newly formed 3' end. Our results demonstrate a classical acid-base catalysis for YoeB-mediated RNA hydrolysis and provide insight into how the ribosome is essential for its specific activity.

On the Harm of Genocide

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Paul Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The World ◽  
Scholarly Discussion ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Individual Human ◽  
The Human Condition

My aim in this essay is to advance the state of scholarly discussion on the harms of genocide. The most obvious harms inflicted by every genocide are readily evident: the physical harm inflicted upon the victims of genocide and the moral harm that the perpetrators of genocide inflict upon themselves. Instead, I will focus on a kind of harm inflicted upon those who are neither victims nor perpetrators, on those who are outside observers, so to speak. My thesis will be that when a whole community or culture is eliminated, or even deeply wounded, the world loses an avenue for insight into the human condition. My argument is as follows. In order to understand human nature, and that which promotes its flourishing, we must certainly study individual human beings. But since human beings as rational and linguistic animals are in part constituted by the communities in which they live, the study of human nature should also involve the study of communities and cultures—both those that are well ordered and those that are not. No one community or culture has expressed all that can be said about the human way of existing and flourishing. And given that the unity and wholeness of human nature can only be glimpsed in a variety of communities and cultures, then part of the harm of genocide consists in the removal of a valuable avenue for human beings to better understand themselves.

scholarly journals An insight into the polymeric structures in Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulraj Mosae Selvakumar ◽  
Rex Jeya Rajkumar Samdavid Thanapaul
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Polymeric Compounds ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Polymeric Structures ◽  
Insight Into

Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn) is a native tree with various ecological, medicinal, economic, and sociological benefits from Asian countries. Palmyra Palm tree-based self-reliant lifestyle and Eco-friendly community living which leads to sustainable development can be called as palmyraculture. For each component, it is the most beneficial species that has economic and medicinal value that could sustain adverse climatic conditions and resist natural calamities. Non-edible, edible, and value add-based uses could be widely categorized into the utility of the plant. Palmyra palm tree is working like a non-stop biochemical factory, creates sugars and many other useful chemicals. They also produce many useful polymeric compounds such as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, galactomannan, pentosan, polyphenols, and lignin. The current review gives an insight into the structural, biological and polymeric elements of Asian palmyra. . 

scholarly journals Spontaneous ribosomal translocation of mRNA and tRNAs into a chimeric hybrid state

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (16) ◽  
pp. 7813-7818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Laura Lancaster ◽  
John Paul Donohue ◽  
Harry F. Noller
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Intermediate Complex ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Hybrid State ◽  
Head Domain ◽  
30S Subunit ◽  
A Site ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Factor G

The elongation factor G (EF-G)–catalyzed translocation of mRNA and tRNA through the ribosome is essential for vacating the ribosomal A site for the next incoming aminoacyl-tRNA, while precisely maintaining the translational reading frame. Here, the 3.2-Å crystal structure of a ribosome translocation intermediate complex containing mRNA and two tRNAs, formed in the absence of EF-G or GTP, provides insight into the respective roles of EF-G and the ribosome in translocation. Unexpectedly, the head domain of the 30S subunit is rotated by 21°, creating a ribosomal conformation closely resembling the two-tRNA chimeric hybrid state that was previously observed only in the presence of bound EF-G. The two tRNAs have moved spontaneously from their A/A and P/P binding states into ap/P and pe/E states, in which their anticodon loops are bound between the 30S body domain and its rotated head domain, while their acceptor ends have moved fully into the 50S P and E sites, respectively. Remarkably, the A-site tRNA translocates fully into the classical P-site position. Although the mRNA also undergoes movement, codon–anticodon interaction is disrupted in the absence of EF-G, resulting in slippage of the translational reading frame. We conclude that, although movement of both tRNAs and mRNA (along with rotation of the 30S head domain) can occur in the absence of EF-G and GTP, EF-G is essential for enforcing coupled movement of the tRNAs and their mRNA codons to maintain the reading frame.

scholarly journals Further Probing of Cu2+-Dependent PNAzymes Acting as Artificial RNA Restriction Enzymes

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Luige ◽  
Merita Murtola ◽  
Alice Ghidini ◽  
Roger Strömberg
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rna Cleavage ◽  
Artificial Enzymes ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
A Site ◽  
Fold Excess ◽  
Insight Into

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-neocuproine conjugates have been shown to efficiently catalyse the cleavage of RNA target sequences in the presence of Cu2+ ions in a site-specific manner. These artificial enzymes are designed to force the formation of a bulge in the RNA target, the sequence of which has been shown to be key to the catalytic activity. Here, we present a further investigation into the action of Cu2+-dependent PNAzymes with respect to the dependence on bulge composition in 3- and 4-nucleotide bulge systems. Cu2+-dependent PNAzymes were shown to have a clear preference for 4-nucleotide bulges, as the cleavage of 3-nucleotide bulge-forming RNA sequences was significantly slower, which is illustrated by a shift in the half-lives from approximately 30 min to 24 h. Nonetheless, the nucleotide preferences at different positions in the bulge displayed similar trends in both systems. Moreover, the cleavage site was probed by introducing critical chemical modifications to one of the cleavage site nucleotides of the fastest cleaved 4-nucleotide RNA bulge. Namely, the exclusion of the exocyclic amine of the central adenine and the replacement of the 2′-hydroxyl nucleophile with 2′-H or 2′-OMe substituents in the RNA severely diminished the rate of RNA cleavage by the Cu2+-dependent PNAzyme, giving insight into the mechanism of cleavage. Moreover, the shorter recognition arm of the RNA/PNAzyme complex was modified by extending the PNAzyme by two additional nucleobases. The new PNAzyme was able to efficiently promote the cleavage of RNA when fully hybridised to a longer RNA target and even outperform the previous fastest PNAzyme. The improvement was demonstrated in cleavage studies with stoichiometric amounts of either PNAzyme present, and the extended PNAzyme was also shown to give turnover with a 10-fold excess of the RNA target.

scholarly journals Lightweight WLCG Sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 07019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Sharma ◽  
Maarten Litmaath ◽  
Eraldo Silva Junior ◽  
Renato Santana
Keyword(s):  
Grid Services ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Batch Systems ◽  
Common Interface ◽  
Container Orchestration ◽  
A Site ◽  
Automation Tools ◽  
Orchestration Tools ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Framework

This article describes a new framework, called SIMPLE, for settingup and maintaining classic WLCG sites with minimal operational efforts and insights needed into the WLCG middleware. The framework provides a single common interface to install and configure any of its supported grid services, such as Compute Elements, Batch Systems, Worker Nodes and miscellaneous middleware packages. It leverages modern container orchestration tools like Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and confiuration management tools like Puppet, Ansible, to automate deployment of the WLCG services on behalf of a site admin. The framework is modular and extensible by design. Therefore, it is easy to add support for more grid services as well as infrastructure automation tools to accommodate diverse scenarios at different sites. We provide insight into the design of the framework and our efforts towards development, release and deployment of its first implementation featuring CREAM E, TORQUE Batch System and TORQUE based Worker Nodes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document