scholarly journals An insight into the polymeric structures in Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulraj Mosae Selvakumar ◽  
Rex Jeya Rajkumar Samdavid Thanapaul
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Polymeric Compounds ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Polymeric Structures ◽  
Insight Into

Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn) is a native tree with various ecological, medicinal, economic, and sociological benefits from Asian countries. Palmyra Palm tree-based self-reliant lifestyle and Eco-friendly community living which leads to sustainable development can be called as palmyraculture. For each component, it is the most beneficial species that has economic and medicinal value that could sustain adverse climatic conditions and resist natural calamities. Non-edible, edible, and value add-based uses could be widely categorized into the utility of the plant. Palmyra palm tree is working like a non-stop biochemical factory, creates sugars and many other useful chemicals. They also produce many useful polymeric compounds such as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, galactomannan, pentosan, polyphenols, and lignin. The current review gives an insight into the structural, biological and polymeric elements of Asian palmyra. . 

Reduce Disease Burden of Human Schistosomiasis in Asia Through Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118-1132
Author(s):  
Sidra Saleem ◽  
Haroon Ahmed ◽  
Tooba Siddiqui ◽  
Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc ◽  
Aisha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Near Future

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a trematode blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma that belongs to the Schistosomatidae family. It is a neglected disease in different regions of Asia. In this review, 218 articles (between 2000 and 2017) related to the topic were collected from PubMed and Google scholar and reviewed. After thoroughly reading collected articles, due to irrelevant topic requirements, 94 articles were excluded. Articles that have data associated with Asian regions are considered. In Asia, the disease is prevalent in China, Philippines, Indonesia, Yemen, Nepal and Laos, etc. While in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, the disease is not endemic and very few cases were reported. The disease was eliminated from Japan and Iran. The current review highlights the geographical distribution among Asian countries, transmission patterns, diagnosis, control strategies based on the use of anthelmintic plants and management practices implemented in Asia for the control of schistosomiasis. However, new implementations to treat schistosomiasis in humans should be proved to eliminate the disease finally in the future. This review emphasizes the biological control of schistosomiasis for the eradication of the disease from Asia in the near future.

scholarly journals Notes on distribution and relative abundances of some animal species, and on climate in the Kruger National Park during prehistoric times

Koedoe ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Plug
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Insight Into

Faunal remains obtained from archaeological sites in the Kruger National Park, provide valuable information on the distributions of animal species in the past. The relative abundances of some species are compared with animal population statistics of the present. The study of the faunal samples, which date from nearly 7 000 years before present until the nineteenth century, also provides insight into climatic conditions during prehistoric times.

A late Cisuralian (early Permian) brachiopod fauna from the Taungnyo Group in the Zwekabin Range, eastern Myanmar and its biostratigraphic, paleobiogeographic, and tectonic implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Hai-peng Xu ◽  
Kyi Pyar Aung ◽  
Yi-chun Zhang ◽  
G.R. Shi ◽  
Fu-long Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Brachiopod Fauna ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract The tectonic evolution of the Sibumasu Block during the Permian remains controversial, and Permian faunas and their paleobiogeographic affinities provide some insight into its paleogeographic and tectonic evolutionary histories. In this paper, a new brachiopod fauna dominated by Spinomartinia prolifica Waterhouse, 1981 is described from the uppermost part of the Taungnyo Group in the Zwekabin Range, eastern Myanmar. This brachiopod fauna includes 23 species and its age is well constrained as late Kungurian by the associated conodonts, i.e., Vjalovognathus nicolli Yuan et al., 2016 and Mesogondolella idahoensis (Youngquist, Hawley, and Miller, 1951), contrary to the late Sakmarian age given to the same brachiopod faunas previously reported from southern Thailand and Malaysia. Based on comprehensive comparisons of the Cisuralian brachiopod faunas and other data in different parts of the Sibumasu Block, we consider that they are better subdivided into two independent stratigraphic assemblages, i.e., the lower (earlier) Bandoproductus monticulus-Spirelytha petaliformis Assemblage of a Sakmarian to probably early Artinskian age, and the upper (younger) Spinomartinia prolifica-Retimarginifera alata Assemblage of a late Kungurian age. The former assemblage is a typical cold-water fauna, mainly composed of Gondwanan-type genera, e.g., Bandoproductus Jin and Sun, 1981, Spirelytha Fredericks, 1924, and Sulciplica Waterhouse, 1968. The latter assemblage is strongly characterized by an admixture of both Cathaysian and Gondwanan elements, as well as some genera restricted to the Cimmerian continents. Notably, the spatial distribution pattern of these two separate brachiopod assemblages varies distinctly. The Sakmarian cold-water brachiopod faunas have been found in association with glacial-marine diamictites throughout the Sibumasu Block including both the Irrawaddy and Sibuma blocks. In contrast, the Kungurian biogeographically mixed brachiopod faunas are only recorded in the Irrawaddy Block, unlike the Sibuma Block that contains a contemporaneous paleotropical Tethyan fusuline fauna. Thus, it appears likely that by the end of Cisuralian (early Permian), the Sibumasu Block comprised the Irrawaddy Block in the south with cool climatic conditions, and the Sibuma Block in the north with a temperate to warm-water environment, separated by the incipient Thai-Myanmar Mesotethys.

scholarly journals Perioperative Organ Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Bartels ◽  
Jörn Karhausen ◽  
Eric T. Clambey ◽  
Almut Grenz ◽  
Holger K. Eltzschig
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Despite the fact that a surgical procedure may have been performed for the appropriate indication and in a technically perfect manner, patients are threatened by perioperative organ injury. For example, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, or acute gut injury are among the most common causes for morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. In the current review, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of perioperative organ injury, and provide select examples for novel treatment concepts that have emerged over the past decade. Indeed, the authors are of the opinion that research to provide mechanistic insight into acute organ injury and identification of novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention or treatment of perioperative organ injury represent the most important opportunity to improve outcomes of anesthesia and surgery.

scholarly journals Fractionation and Characterization of Petroleum Asphaltene: Focus on Metalopetroleomics

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Fang Zheng ◽  
Quan Shi ◽  
Germain Salvato Vallverdu ◽  
Pierre Giusti ◽  
Brice Bouyssiere
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Insight Into

Asphaltenes, as the heaviest and most polar fraction of petroleum, have been characterized by various analytical techniques. A variety of fractionation methods have been carried out to separate asphaltenes into multiple subfractions for further investigation, and some of them have important reference significance. The goal of the current review article is to offer insight into the multitudinous analytical techniques and fractionation methods of asphaltene analysis, following an introduction with regard to the morphologies of metals and heteroatoms in asphaltenes, as well their functions on asphaltene aggregation. Learned lessons and suggestions on possible future work conclude the present review article.

scholarly journals On the Horizontal Scale of Elevation Dependence of Australian Monthly Precipitation

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Sharples ◽  
Michael F. Hutchinson ◽  
Damian R. Jellett
Keyword(s):  
Smoothing Splines ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Thin Plate Smoothing Splines ◽  
Local Averages ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Determination of the scale of the interaction between precipitation and topography is important for the accurate interpolation of rainfall in mountainous areas and also provides insight into the physical processes involved. In this paper, trivariate thin-plate smoothing splines are used to investigate the scale of interaction between monthly precipitation and topography by interpolating monthly rainfall over three subregions of the Australian continent, incorporating different climatic conditions and rainfall types. The interpolations are based upon elevations derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) of various resolutions. All of the DEMs are local averages of version 2.0 of the 9-s-resolution DEM of Australia. The results suggest that the optimal scale of the interaction between precipitation and topography, as it pertains to the elevation-dependent interpolation of monthly precipitation in Australia, is between 5 and 10 km. This is in agreement with results of similar studies that addressed daily precipitation over Switzerland.

scholarly journals Osteoclast Activity and Subtypes as a Function of Physiology and Pathology—Implications for Future Treatments of Osteoporosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Henriksen ◽  
J. Bollerslev ◽  
V. Everts ◽  
M. A. Karsdal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Bone Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Heterogeneous Cell Population ◽  
Future Treatments ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Osteoclasts have traditionally been associated exclusively with catabolic functions that are a prerequisite for bone resorption. However, emerging data suggest that osteoclasts also carry out functions that are important for optimal bone formation and bone quality. Moreover, recent findings indicate that osteoclasts have different subtypes depending on their location, genotype, and possibly in response to drug intervention. The aim of the current review is to describe the subtypes of osteoclasts in four different settings: 1) physiological, in relation to turnover of different bone types; 2) pathological, as exemplified by monogenomic disorders; 3) pathological, as identified by different disorders; and 4) in drug-induced situations. The profiles of these subtypes strongly suggest that these osteoclasts belong to a heterogeneous cell population, namely, a diverse macrophage-associated cell type with bone catabolic and anabolic functions that are dependent on both local and systemic parameters. Further insight into these osteoclast subtypes may be important for understanding cell–cell communication in the bone microenvironment, treatment effects, and ultimately bone quality.

scholarly journals A Study on The Determinants of Singapore Polytechnic Students’ Choices in A Hospitality and Tourism Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
Justin Matthew Pang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Academic Institution ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Millennial Students ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism Industry ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Insight Into

The hospitality and tourism industry in Singapore is rapidly growing and all polytechnics in Singapore are offering hospitality courses so that they can help sustain the economy with the necessary manpower. However, the new generation of Singapore millennial students choosing hospitality programs assess choice factors differently and give different priorities of importance to these factors. Factors have been grouped according to ‘Personal’, ‘Institution – Academic’, ‘Institution – Others’, and ‘Curriculum’, and students rated these on their own perceptions and against those perceptions from the faculty when designing hospitality programs to attract potential students. It has been noted that the ability to get a job after graduation is of the highest importance to both parties and that parents' and peers' influence do not matter in their choice of hospitality programs or polytechnics. With this understanding, educational institutions would need to relook at their strategies on enticing students to join their programs. This study will also grant a precursory insight into how students from developing Asian countries will select hospitality programs, using Singapore as a model in the future.

scholarly journals The effects of climatic anomalies on low flows in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius G. Floriancic ◽  
Wouter R. Berghuijs ◽  
James W. Kirchner ◽  
Peter Molnar
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Seasonal Weather

Abstract. Large parts of Europe have faced extreme low river flows in recent summers (2003, 2011, 2015, 2018) with major economic and environmental consequences. Understanding the origins of extremes like these is important for water resources management. To reveal how weather drives low flows, we explore how deviations from mean seasonal climatic conditions (i.e. climatic anomalies) of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration shaped the occurrence and magnitude of the annual 7-day lowest flows (Qmin) across 380 Swiss catchments from 2000 through 2018. Most annual low flows followed periods of below average precipitation and above average potential evapotranspiration, and the most extreme low flows resulted from both of these drivers acting together. Extremely dry years saw simultaneous drought conditions across large parts of Europe, but low flow timing during these years was still spatially variable across Switzerland. Longer climatic anomalies led to lower low flows. Most low flows were typically preceded by climatic anomalies lasting up to two months, whereas low flows in the extreme years (2003, 2011, 2015, 2018) were associated with much longer-lasting climatic anomalies. Weather conditions on even longer time scales have been reported to sometimes affect river flow. However, across Switzerland, we found that precipitation totals in winter only slightly influenced the magnitude and timing of summer and autumn low flows. Our results provide insight into how precipitation and potential evapotranspiration jointly shape summer and winter low flows across Switzerland, and could potentially aid in assessing low-flow risks in similar mountain regions using seasonal weather forecasts.

scholarly journals Bioactive components and health effects of pecan nuts and their byproducts: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla ◽  
Rafael Urrea-López ◽  
Laura A. de la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
By Products ◽  
Polymeric Structures ◽  
Potential Use

Pecan is a North American native tree that produces a stone fruit or kernel, commonly known as pecan nut,which is highly valuable worldwide due to its sensory quality, and health promoting properties derived from the presence of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and monomeric and polymeric polyphenolic compounds. The increase in the demand for pecan nut leads to an increase in by-products such as leaves, cake and principally nutshell, which have high contents of bioactive components, making them interesting raw materials to produce nutraceuticals with health benefits. The phytochemical content of pecan oil and kernel, as well as that of the main pecan by-products is discussed in detail, paying special attention to the presence of individual polyphenols with monomeric and polymeric structures. Finally, studies regarding the biological activity and potential use of pecan oil, kernel and by-products are summarized and discussed.

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