Taiwan, China, and the National Imaginary

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-47
Author(s):  
Kirk A. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Museum ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aboriginal Groups

Chapter 1 focuses on three museums that treat Taiwan’s premodern history: the National Museum of History (國立歷史博物館‎, NMH), the National Taiwan Museum of Prehistory (國立台灣史前博物館‎), and the Shihsanhang Museum (十三行博物館‎). The NMH was the first museums established by the KMT after its move to Taiwan in 1949. Until recently, it has stood firmly in the sinocentric historical narrative, which implicitly links Taiwan to the dynastic history of mainland China. The other two museums, both established in the early 2000s, are in the “nativist” mode, forging an origins narrative that traces Taiwan’s historical roots not to China but to Taiwan’s prehistoric peoples and their present-day descendants—the aboriginal groups of Taiwan.

Med. Dr. Adalbert Wraný (1836–1902) – doctor of medicine, mineral collector and donor to the National Museum in Prague

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-146
Author(s):  
Martin Bohatý ◽  
Dalibor Velebil
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Pediatric Pathology ◽  
Geological Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Precious Stones

Adalbert Wraný (*1836, †1902) was a doctor of medicine, with his primary specialization in pediatric pathology, and was also one of the founders of microscopic and chemical diagnostics. He was interested in natural sciences, chemistry, botany, paleontology and above all mineralogy. He wrote two books, one on the development of mineralogical research in Bohemia (1896), and the other on the history of industrial chemistry in Bohemia (1902). Wraný also assembled several natural science collections. During his lifetime, he gave to the National Museum large collections of rocks, a collection of cut precious stones and his library. He donated a collection of fossils to the Geological Institute of the Czech University (now Charles University). He was an inspector of the mineralogical collection of the National Museum. After his death, he bequeathed to the National Museum his collection of minerals and the rest of the gemstone collection. He donated paintings to the Prague City Museum, and other property to the Klar Institute of the Blind in Prague. The National Museum’s collection currently contains 4 325 samples of minerals, as well as 21 meteorites and several hundred cut precious stones from Wraný’s collection.

Introduction—Everything You Know about Prohibition Is Wrong

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Mark Lawrence Schrad
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Resistance Movement

The book begins with a vignette of the world’s most famous—and most misunderstood—prohibitionist: the hatchet-wielding saloon smasher, Carrie Nation. A deeper investigation finds that she was anything but the Bible-thumping, conservative evangelical that she’s commonly made out to be; but rather a populist-progressive equal-rights crusader. Chapter 1 lays bare the shortcomings of the dominant historical narrative of temperance and prohibitionism as uniquely American developments resulting from a clash of religious and cultural groups. By examining the global history of prohibition, we can shed new light on the American experience. Answering the fundamental question—why prohibition?—this book argues that temperance was a global resistance movement against imperialism, subjugation, and the predatory capitalism of a liquor traffic in which political and economic elites profited handsomely from the addiction and misery of the people.

scholarly journals La genesi del nuovo nella storia della chirurgia tra desiderio di conoscenza e conflitti etici

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Giardina ◽  
Antonio G. Spagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Salient Points ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Ideological Resistance

L’articolo delinea i momenti salienti nella storia della chirurgia, quali la scoperta dell’anestesia, dell’asepsi e antisepsi che ne hanno consentito l’ascesa dopo secoli di oscurità. Il desiderio di conoscenza appagato da tali scoperte si è spesso accompagnato a dilemmi etici da un lato e a resistenze ideologiche, da parte della comunità scientifica (spesso ostile alla genesi del nuovo nella medicina) dall’altro. È questo uno dei più forti ostacoli che i grandi del passato, coloro che hanno avuto il coraggio di andare controcorrente (rompendo i paradigmi esistenti), hanno dovuto superare. Questi uomini rappresentano uno stimolo per ricondurre il sapere scientifico ad un confronto attivo con l’etica al fine di sanare una dicotomia che ha radici antiche. L’antico, dunque, non è semplicemente passato ma rivive attraverso la narrazione storica di vite esemplari di medici. ---------- This article traces salient points in the history of surgery, such as the discovery of anesthesia, asepsis and antisepsis, which permitted surgery’s ascendancy after centuries of unimportance. Encouraged by such breakthroughs, the yearning to learn was often accompanied by ethical dilemmas on the one hand and on the other by ideological resistance on the part of the scientific community, which was often hostile to new medical findings. This was one of the greatest obstacles of the past for the distinguished individuals who had the courage to go against the tide, to break with existing paradigms, to overcome opposition to innovation. These men functioned as a stimulus to bring scientific knowledge head to head with ethics with the goal of healing ancient irreconcilable differences. The past is not simply the past; it lives on through the historical narrative of exemplary lives of certain physicians.

‘In the tents of the King as well as the Muses’

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-90
Author(s):  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscular Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Figure

Chapter 1, ‘In the tents of the King as well as the Muses: The life and reputation of Thomas Willis’, starts with the reaction to Willis’s death, aged 54, in 1675. From there, an account is given of Willis’s childhood and education in Oxford and his activities supporting the Royalist cause during the Civil War. After training in medicine, Willis’s casebook, involvement with the Oxford Experimental Philosophical Club and the episode of Anne Greene, spared from dissection through resuscitation after judicial hanging, and his lectures as Sedleian professor of Natural Philosophy in Oxford, are described. After moving to London in 1667, Willis was in demand as a physician and involved with the other Fellows of the Royal Society in reshaping ideas on respiration, fermentation, and muscular movement. The chapter ends with an analysis of the consolidation of Willis’s reputation as a major figure in the history of medicine.{146 words}

scholarly journals Marginal Inscriptions as Objects of Museum Studies: the Case Study of the Library of the National Museum of Ukrainian History

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Tamara O. Kutsaieva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
National Museum ◽  
State Register ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses

The first attempt in the scientific practice of the National Museum Ukrainian History to conduct an individual and complex studying of marginal inscriptions has been done in this article. There is the case study of the Hand Press Books and antiquarian books from the library of the mentioned museum. The object of the study has been characterized and reasoning why the antiquarian books published in XIX century, but after 1830, have been chosen as the objects of this research, besides the classical objects of the study of marginal inscriptions (Hand Press Books and antiquarian books). Sources and historiography of the research as well as publications of the museum specialists have been systemized. The conclusion about the small attention of researchers to the library of the National Museum of Ukrainian History has been done too. The author of the article has substantiated one more conclusion about the absence of publications dedicated to the library as the source of information about the history of book printing in Ukraine or museum book collections = historical libraries beyond the museum. The generally accepted scientific criteria for the classification of marginal inscriptions have been generalized on the basis of historiography. Four additional criteria for studying marginal inscriptions have been proposed for the discussion. Challenges of the research have been analyzed in the main part of the article. There is the absence of attribution and fixation of the history of acceptance of the books in the museum library because of the specific status of all museum libraries in Ukraine; absence of a formal right to use such definitions of the Ukrainian legislation as the Rare and Valuable Books concerning the books published in XVIII – the early XIX centuries and some antiquarian books; problems of identifications of handwriting exactly as a marginal inscription, not a written bookplate (exlibris). Some samples to the mentioned challenges have been proposed. The author of the article has implemented the aim of the research and presented attribution of the marginal inscriptions in eleven Hand Press Books and three antiquarian books, including one handwritten antiquarian book – the object of this study. The content of the marginal inscriptions in Mykola Zakrevskyi‘s book “Depiction of Kyiv” (1868) – the most unique book from the point of view of the historical narrative as well as the invitation letter to Mykola Zakrevskyi (the object of the museum importance or so-called “Museum finding”) has been presented in this research. The maximum of available information about the content and classifications of the types of marginal inscriptions (handwritten, marginal glosses, and Marginal inscriptions of publishing houses) has been presented in the article too. Contribution in research and popularisation of the collection of the National Museum of Ukrainian History, studying of the history of a book as the object of the material and spiritual heritage, the personality of (less)known readers and reading cultures in different йpoques have been done based on the results of attribution, bibliographical description, and classification of the books, marginal inscriptions, and bookplates. Another essential result of the research is entering in the scientific circulation the Preliminary list of the Hand Press Books and antiquarian books with marginal inscriptions that have been chosen as the objects of this research. The stress on the urgent relevance of continuation of the complex studying of these books with the aim to give them the status of the Rare and Valuable Books through the entry in the State Register of the National Cultural Heritage has been done. The author has determined some perspectives of this research. They are a continuation of the complex studying of the marginal inscriptions, searching of new marginal inscriptions and fragments of historical libraries that nowadays are parts of the collection of the National Museum of Ukrainian History in other museums, archives, and libraries for contribution to the development of the museum communication and studying of Auxiliary Sciences of History. Keywords: bookplate, book research, in script, marginal inscription, National Museum of Ukrainian History.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Emily Klancher Merchant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The introduction situates Building the Population Bomb’s historical narrative in the context of current debates over whether the world’s population is growing too quickly or not quickly enough, and over what should be done about it. It lays out two positions—moderate and extreme—and explains that, rather than taking one side or the other, the book tells the story of how these positions emerged in tandem between the 1920s and the 1970s. It contends that population growth has been unfairly blamed for many of the world’s problems, and promises to explain how this happened and who has benefited from it. The introduction describes how Building the Population Bomb contributes to the history of the social sciences, furthers our understanding of the role of the United States in promoting global development in the second half of the twentieth century, and advances the contemporary project of reproductive justice.

Archaeology and Cultural Policy in Ottoman Tunisia Part II: Muhammad Khaznadar (1871–99)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-252
Author(s):  
Ridha Moumni
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial

Abstract This article is the second part of a study focusing on Muhammad Khaznadar’s role in the history of archaeology in nineteenth-century Tunisia. Whereas part I traced the meteoric rise of Muhammad Khaznadar as a Tunisian cultural figure, the second part of this inquiry examines Khaznadar’s fall from power and the end of his monopoly over the country’s antiquities. Following the dismissal of his father, Mustafa Khaznadar, as grand vizier in 1873, Muhammad’s artifacts were seized by the bey. The Khaznadar collection then attracted the attention of the new grand vizier, Khayr al-Din (1873–78). Influenced by the activities of Muhammad Khaznadar, Khayr al-Din sought to create a national museum of antiquities. However, this project came to an end with Khayr al-Din’s dismissal and the subsequent arrival of French colonizers, who established the Bardo Museum (then called the Alaoui Museum) in 1888. The historical narrative written by the French colonial authority erased the memory of prominent Tunisian archaeologists and collectors who had been active in the preceding decades. This article seeks to highlight the important contributions of local Tunisians to the development of archaeological research and policies surrounding Tunisian cultural heritage in the nineteenth century.

History of Ardalānids (1590-1810) by Sharaf al-Dīn bin Shams al-Dīn

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-79
Author(s):  
Sara Zandi Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Translation

This article is a critical translation of the “History of the Ardalānids.” In doing so, it hopes to make available to a wider academic audience this invaluable source on the study of Iranian Kurdistan during the early modern period. While a number of important texts pertaining to the Kurds during this era, most notably the writings of the Ottoman traveler Evliya Chalabi, focus primarily on Ottoman Kurdistan, this piece in contrast puts Iranian Kurdistan in general and the Ardalān dynasty in particular at the center of its historical narrative. Thus it will be of interest not only to scholars of Kurdish history but also to those seeking more generally to research life on the frontiers of empires.Keywords: Ẕayl; Ardalān; Kurdistan; Iran.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIDîroka Erdelaniyan (1590-1810)Ev gotar wergereke rexneyî ya “Dîroka Erdelaniyan” e. Bi vê yekê, merema xebatê ew e ku vê çavkaniya pir biqîmet a li ser Kurdistana Îranê ya di serdema pêş-modern de ji bo cemawerê akademîk berdest bike. Hejmareke metnên girîng li ser Kurdên wê serdemê, bi taybetî nivîsînên Evliya Çelebî yê seyyahê osmanî, zêdetir berê xwe didine Kurdistana di bin hukmê Osmaniyan de. Lê belê, di navenda vê xebatê de, bi giştî Kurdistana Îranê û bi taybetî jî xanedana Erdelaniyan heye. Wisa jî ew dê ne tenê ji bo lêkolerên dîroka kurdî belku ji bo ewên ku dixwazin bi rengekî berfirehtir derheq jiyana li ser tixûbên împeretoriyan lêkolînan bikin jî dê balkêş be.ABSTRACT IN SORANIMêjûy Erdellan (1590-1810)Em wutare wergêrranêkî rexneyî “Mêjûy Erdellan”e, bew mebestey em serçawe girînge le ser Kurdistanî Êran le seretakanî serdemî nwê bixate berdest cemawerî ekademî. Jimareyek serçawey girîng le ser kurdekan lew serdeme da hen, diyartirînyan nûsînekanî gerîdey ‘Usmanî Ewliya Çelebîye, ke zortir serincyan le ser ‘Kurdistanî ‘Usmanî bûwe. Em berheme be pêçewanewe Kurdistanî Êran be giştî, we emaretî Erdelan be taybetî dexate senterî xwêndinewekewe. Boye nek tenya bo twêjeranî biwarî mêjûy kurdî, belku bo ewaney le ser jiyan le sinûre împiratoriyekan twêjînewe deken, cêgay serinc debêt.

Theodor W. Adorno

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In his somewhat controversial book Remnants of Auschwitz, Agamben makes brief reference to Theodor Adorno’s apparently contradictory remarks on perceptions of death post-Auschwitz, positions that Adorno had taken concerning Nazi genocidal actions that had seemed also to reflect something horribly errant in the history of thought itself. There was within such murderous acts, he had claimed, a particular degradation of death itself, a perpetration of our humanity bound in some way to affect our perception of reason itself. The contradictions regarding Auschwitz that Agamben senses to be latent within Adorno’s remarks involve the intuition ‘on the one hand, of having realized the unconditional triumph of death against life; on the other, of having degraded and debased death. Neither of these charges – perhaps like every charge, which is always a genuinely legal gesture – succeed in exhausting Auschwitz’s offense, in defining its case in point’ (RA 81). And this is the stance that Agamben wishes to hammer home quite emphatically vis-à-vis Adorno’s limitations, ones that, I would only add, seem to linger within Agamben’s own formulations in ways that he has still not come to reckon with entirely: ‘This oscillation’, he affirms, ‘betrays reason’s incapacity to identify the specific crime of Auschwitz with certainty’ (RA 81).

The World after the End of the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kas Saghafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
End Of The World

In several late texts, Derrida meditated on Paul Celan's poem ‘Grosse, Glühende Wölbung’, in which the departure of the world is announced. Delving into the ‘origin’ and ‘history’ of the ‘conception’ of the world, this paper suggests that, for Derrida, the end of the world is determined by and from death—the death of the other. The death of the other marks, each and every time, the absolute end of the world.

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