scholarly journals Does Elastography Have a Place in Evaluating Tissue Stiffness in Testicular Torsion?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Oymen Hancerliogullari
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acute Scrotum ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Left Testicle ◽  
Group I ◽  
Testicular Ischemia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Us Elastography

Background: One of the most important urologic emergencies is testicular torsion in children. Elastography is as an objective method in diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion, with grayscale and colored images. Our study presents an original framework, which may guide certain research and practices in this field. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-elastography for the diagnostic performance of testicular torsion. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 male white New Zealand rabbits of the same weight and age were selected and divided into two groups. In group I, the right testicle was fixed, and in group II, the right testicle underwent 720° torsion in a counterclockwise direction and fixed. Following 1 and 2 hours of ischemia, measurements of the right and left testicles were performed simultaneously. The left testicle was measured again after 24 hours in order to better observe the changes that right testicular ischemia might have had on the left testicle. Results: A statistically significant increase was detected in the elastography values of the right testicle at 1, 2, and 24 hours (P < 0.05). Elastography values were significantly increased in the left testicle after 24 hours (P < 0.05). The elastographic measurement values of the testicular tissue increased significantly with the increase in the duration of ischemia. Conclusion: With the width of its imaging window and healthy evaluation opportunity, elastography is a method in determining tissue stiffness of unilateral and contralateral testicular structures. In this study, the efficacy of elastography was evaluated. As a future research, further studies are needed to evaluate the elastography values in epididmo-orchitis and other causes of acute scrotum.

scholarly journals Torsion Testicular Patient Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safendra Siregar ◽  
Devlin Alfiana ◽  
Jason Liarto ◽  
Zola Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Testicular Pain ◽  
Left Testicle ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

Testicular torsion is an emergency urological condition that is caused by the torsion of the spermatic cord structures, causing disruption of circulation of the affected testicle. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with testicular torsion treated at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from January 2016 to January 2020. This was a retrospective descriptive study on 34 medical records of patients diagnosed and treated for testicular torsion. Nine patients (29.4%) were <20 years old and 25 patients were >21 years old. The onset was mostly between 6 to 24 hours (38.2%), followed by between 2–7 days (23.5%), less than 6 hours (20.6%), between 1–2 weeks (8.8%), and between 2–4 weeks (8.8%). Left testicular torsion were more frequent than the right torsion (61.8% vs. 38.2%). The etiology of the torsion was mostly idiopathic with no identifiable precedent (88%). Orchidectomy was more frequently performed compared to orchiopexy (78.4% vs. 21.6%). All but one patient (97.1%) presented with testicular pain as the main symptom. Patients presented mostly with a high risk TWIST score (64.7%); however, more presented with low risk compared to the intermediate risk TWIST score (26.5% vs. 8.8%). Orchidectomy is the most frequently performed operation on pre-pubertal and adult patients, possibly due to relatively delayed presentation (>24 hours) to the hospital to receive treatment. Patients were mostly younger; predominantly with high TWIST score and affected left testicle.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of testicular torsion using near infrared spectroscopy: A novel diagnostic approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Shadgan ◽  
Mehdi Fareghi ◽  
Lynn Stothers ◽  
Andrew Macnab ◽  
A.M. Kajbafzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Acute Scrotum ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Nausea And Emesis ◽  
Testicular Ischemia

We report a case of testicular torsion in a 14-month old boy. Testicular ischemia was suspected based on history and clinical presentations. The patient was referred following 24 hours of left acute scrotum. Erythema, swelling and tenderness associated with nausea and emesis were present, but the patient was not febrile. We used a spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (SR-NIRS) device to study and compare the tissue saturation index (TSI) on both right and left spermatic cords. The TSI was significantly reduced in the left side. Both testicles were surgically explored and the left testis was found non-viable with a 1080-degree intravaginal torsion. NIRS monitoring of spermatic cord oxygen saturation appears feasible as a non-invasive bedside optical method to identify testicular torsion.

scholarly journals Bilateral Simultaneous Testicular Torsion in a Newborn: Report of a Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon Pogorelić ◽  
Miro Jukić ◽  
Veselin Škrabić ◽  
Ivana Mrklić ◽  
Vesna Fridl Vidas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Ischaemic Injury ◽  
Left Testicle ◽  
Blood Flow Signal ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Urological Emergency ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Testicular torsion is a urological emergency. If not recognized in time, this condition may result in ischaemic injury and loss of testis. Simultaneous bilateral neonatal testicular torsion is extremely rare and is usually misdiagnosed. Case report: We report a case of a male newborn, who presented with bilateral scrotal swelling and redness of the scrotum. Doppler ultrasound supported the diagnosis of bilateral testicular torsion, with an absent blood flow signal on the right side and a weak signal on the left side. Testicular exploration through scrotal incision was performed and bilateral testicular torsion was found. Right testis was grossly gangrenous, and right orchiectomy was performed. Left testicle was dark but showed recovery after detorsion with some bleeding from incised tunica albugenia. Fixation of the left testicle was performed. At six month follow-up, the left testis showed signs of atrophy and hormonal assay showed very low testosterone and elevated LH and FSH, suggesting hypogonadism. Conclusions: Management of neonatal testicular torsion is a matter of controversy. Testicular torsion results into acute ischemia and urgent surgical exploration is the key point of management. Although the possibility of salvaging the involved testicles is usually very low it is hard to justify a passive approach to a bilateral torsion resulting in such a devastating condition as anorchia.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of BMSCs-derived Exosomes on Testicular Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Tian ◽  
Wan-song Zhang ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Jun-hao Zhou ◽  
Ran-ran Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group A ◽  
Testicular Ischemia ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Testicular Ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI) is a major pathophysiological process of surgical reduction after testicular torsion, and oxidative stress is the main injury factor. However, the role of BMSCs-derived exosomes in testicular IRI and its mechanism have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes against testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods: BMSCs were isolated, cultured and identified by primary culture method. Exosomes derived from BMSCs were extracted by ultra-high speed centrifugation method. A testicular IRI model was established in male SD rats. Thirty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A: Sham group, group B: normal saline treatment group (I/R+NS), group C: BMSCs-derived exosomes (100 ug/mL) treatment group (I/R+ BMSCs-EXO). Finally take each side (left) of rat torsion by using optical microscope to detect testicular tissue pathology grade and fine structure of organization structure, adopt the method of biochemical determination of groups of testicular tissue MDA and NOS, SOD and CAT activity and T - AOC level.Results: BMSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from rat bone marrow, and exosomes secreted by BMSCs were successfully extracted. In animal model, Compared with the normal spermatogenic structure of testis in group A (Sham), the spermatogenic structure of testis in group B (I/R+NS) was obviously damaged to varying degrees, while the spermatogenic structure of testis in group C (I/R+ BMSCs-EXO) was improved to A certain extent (P<0.05). In the biochemical indexes of testis tissue, the contents of MDA and NOS in group B (I/R+NS) were significantly increased compared with group A (Sham), while the activities of SOD and CAT and T-AOC were decreased compared with group A (Sham) (P<0.05). In the exosome-treated group C (I/R+ BMSCs-EXO), compared with the normal saline treatment group B, The contents of MDA and NOS were decreased to a certain extent, while the activities of SOD and CAT and the level of T-AOC were increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: BMSCs-derived exosomes can be absorbed by rat spermatogonia and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects against testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury。

scholarly journals The Monitoring of Preoperative External Detorsion with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in a Patient with Acute Testicular Torsion

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Beyazal ◽  
Fatma Beyazal Çeliker ◽  
Mehmet Fatih İnecikli ◽  
Maksude Esra Kadioğlu ◽  
Hasan Rıza Aydın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Acute Scrotum ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
Diffusion Weighted

Testicular torsion is one of the main causes of acute scrotum and may result in permanent damage of the testicular tissue. Color Doppler imaging has been frequently used in the diagnosis of testicular torsion and posttreatment follow-up period of the disease. There are some studies reporting the value and usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of testicular torsion. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report regarding the monitoring of preoperative external detorsion in testicular torsion with diffusion-weighted imaging examination. In this article, diffusion-weighted imaging findings in the management of preoperative external detorsion in a case with testicular torsion were presented.

Inguinal Hernia Resulting in Testicular Ischemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Chughtai ◽  
Jeffrey Kallas ◽  
Vikram S. Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Testicular Blood Flow ◽  
Testicular Ischemia ◽  
The Right

The absence of blood flow in the testicle is classically thought to be secondary to testicular torsion; however, other etiologies of compromised testicular blood flow have been described. We present an unusual case of testicular ischemia secondary to an inguinal hernia. A 58-year-old male presented to the emergency department with right-sided scrotal pain and swelling. Color-flow Doppler ultrasound evaluation demonstrated lack of blood flow in the right testicle and a right-sided inguinal hernia. The testicular blood flow was re-established with reduction of an inguinal hernia.

Transferrin-Conjugated Nanocarriers as Active-Targeted Drug Delivery Platforms for Cancer Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele R. Nogueira-Librelotto ◽  
Cristiane F. Codevilla ◽  
Ammad Farooqi ◽  
Clarice M. B. Rolim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Target Effects

A lot of effort has been devoted to achieving active targeting for cancer therapy in order to reach the right cells. Hence, increasingly it is being realized that active-targeted nanocarriers notably reduce off-target effects, mainly because of targeted localization in tumors and active cellular uptake. In this context, by taking advantage of the overexpression of transferrin receptors on the surface of tumor cells, transferrin-conjugated nanodevices have been designed, in hope that the biomarker grafting would help to maximize the therapeutic benefit and to minimize the side effects. Notably, active targeting nanoparticles have shown improved therapeutic performances in different tumor models as compared to their passive targeting counterparts. In this review, current development of nano-based devices conjugated with transferrin for active tumor-targeting drug delivery are highlighted and discussed. The main objective of this review is to provide a summary of the vast types of nanomaterials that have been used to deliver different chemotherapeutics into tumor cells, and to ultimately evaluate the progression on the strategies for cancer therapy in view of the future research.

Evaluation of Ovaries in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome using Shear Wave Elastography

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
Aysegul Altunkeser ◽  
Zeynep Ozturk Inal ◽  
Nahide Baran
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
The Right

Background: Shear wave electrography (SWE) is a novel non-invasive imaging technique which demonstrate tissue elasticity. Recent research evaluating the elasticity properties of normal and pathological tissues emphasize the diagnostic importance of this technique. Aims: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic overgrowth, may cause infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elasticity of ovaries in patients with PCOS using SWE. Methods: 66 patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria (PCOS = group I) and 72 patients with non-PCOS (Control = group II), were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Ovarian elasticity was assessed in all patients with SWE, and speed values were obtained from the ovaries. The elasticity of the ovaries was compared between the two groups. Results: While there were statistically significant differences between the groups in body mass index (BMI), right and left ovarian volumes, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels (p<0.05), no significant differences were found between groups I and II in the velocity (for the right ovary 3.89±1.81 vs. 2.93±0.72, p=0.301; for the left ovary 2.88±0.65 vs. 2.95±0.80, p=0.577) and elastography (for the right ovary 36.62±17.78 vs. 36.79±14.32, p=0.3952; for the left ovary 36.56±14.15 vs. 36.26±15.10, p=0.903) values, respectively. Conclusion: We could not obtain different velocity and elastography values from the ovaries of the patients with PCOS using SWE. Therefore, further large-scale studies are needed to elucidate this issue.

scholarly journals A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed G. Sghaireen ◽  
Kumar Chandan Srivastava ◽  
Deepti Shrivastava ◽  
Kiran Kumar Ganji ◽  
Santosh R. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Group I ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
The Right

A high rate of nerve injury and related consequences are seen during implant placement in the posterior mandibular arch. An approach has been proposed to avoid nerve injury by dodging the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) while placing an implant. A prospective study with a total of 240 CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) images of patients with three dentate statuses, namely, edentulous (group I), partially edentulous (group II) and dentate (group III) were included in the study. The nerve path tracing was done on CBCT images with On-demand 3D software. The three dimensions, i.e., the linear distance from the outer buccal cortical plate to the inferior alveolar nerve (BCPN), linear distance from the outer lingual cortical plate to the inferior alveolar nerve (LCPN) and linear distance from the midpoint of the alveolar crest to the inferior alveolar nerve (ACN) were assessed. The data were presented and analyzed between variables using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test in SPSS version 21.LCPN of the right 1st premolar region (p < 0.05) was significantly different among the groups with edentulous subjects recorded with the minimum value (6.50 ± 1.20 mm). Females were found to have significantly (p < 0.05) less available bone (6.03 ± 1.46 mm) on the right side of the mandibular jaw compared to males in edentulous group of patients. On comparing age groups for partially edentulous subjects, LCPN of the right 1st premolar region had significantly (p < 0.05) less available bone (6.03 ± 0.38 mm) in subjects with age ≥54 years. The IAN follows a lingual course in the molar region and later flips to the buccal side in the premolar region. The LCPN dimension in the 1st and 2nd premolar region was found to be more than 6 mm irrespective of age, gender and side of the jaw. Thus, it can be considered as a suitable site for placing implants while bypassing the IAN with CBCT assessment remaining as the mainstay in the pre-surgical phase.

scholarly journals Functional testicular torsion secondary to an incarcerated inguinal hernia in a 4-month old: complete recovery at 18-hours

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M Taylor ◽  
Christian C Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Acute Scrotum ◽  
Indirect Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Urological Emergencies

Abstract One of the most common urological emergencies encountered in pediatric patients in the emergency department (ED) is the acute scrotum. We present the case of a 4-month-old male that presented to our community ED with scrotal swelling and vomiting of 16-hours duration. He was diagnosed with a functional testicular torsion from an incarcerated inguinal hernia, transferred to a hospital with pediatric urological capabilities and was taken to the operating room ~2 hours later. His hospital course was unremarkable, and he was discharged on day 3, having made a full recovery without any loss of bowel or testicle. There have only been a handful of cases in the literature of a pediatric patient presenting with a functional testicular torsion as a result of spermatic cord compression from an indirect inguinal hernia, with no reported cases of complete salvage at nearly 18 hours since symptom onset.

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