Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training with Spirulina Platensis Ingestion on the Heart Weight and Cardiac C/EBPβ Expression in Male Rats

Background: A healthy lifestyle, nutrition, and exercise can improve bone mass via several mechanisms. Objectives: This study assessed the effects of four weeks of palm pollen consumption along with resistance training on protein and gene expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in bone tissue of rats. Methods: Thirty-six rats were selected and assigned into six groups, including (1) training + testosterone, (2) training + palm pollen, (3) testosterone, (4) palm pollen, (5) training and (6) sham. Then, 100 mg/kg of palm pollen was prescribed five days per week. Resistance training was performed five sessions per week, and 2 mg/kg of testosterone propionate was prescribed peritoneally. Gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 were measured via the real-time PCR and Western blot methods. Results: Training had a significant effect on the increase in Runx2 protein levels (P ≤ 0.05). Training + testosterone, training + palm pollen, testosterone, and palm pollen had significant effects on gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 (P ≤ 0.05). Training + testosterone and training + palm pollen had more favorable effects on the increase of gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 than had testosterone, palm pollen, and training (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Although training, palm pollen, and testosterone alone could increase the Runx2 protein levels in the bone tissue of rats, training with palm pollen and training with testosterone appeared to have more favorable effects on the increase of gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 than either alone.

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Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Honey and Spirulina platensis with Sulfasalazine and Mesalazine on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Rezaei ◽

Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari ◽

Nader Tanideh ◽

Maral Mokhtari ◽

Zahra Bagheri

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Male Rats ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

Combination Regimen ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Antioxidant therapy has gained attention for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The excessive generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in the gastrointestinal tract increases oxidative stress, thereby leading to antioxidant defense depletion, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, tissue damage, and ulceration. Spirulina platensis (SP) and honey are excellent sources of potent antioxidants such as polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. We aimed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of honey and SP in comparison with sulfasalazine (SSZ) and mesalazine on acetic acid-induced colitis (AA-colitis) in rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Sprague Dawley male rats were allocated to seven groups, with each group comprising eight rats. UC was induced, except in normal controls (NC). All groups received oral treatments for seven days. The normal saline solution of 2 mL was intrarectally administered to the NC group. The AA-colitis and NC groups received 2 mL acetic acid intrarectally as a single dose and 2 mL normal saline for seven consecutive days orally. The mesalazine group received 100 mg/kg mesalazine, the SSZ group 360 mg/kg SSZ, the honey or H group 1 mL honey diluted with 1 mL distilled water, the SH group 1g/kg SP and 1 mL honey, and the SP group 1g/kg SP. After clinical activity score assessment, the rats were sacrificed. Colonic weight/length ratio, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Colonic histopathological changes were observed microscopically. Results: Treatment of UC with SP, honey, and combination regimen significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, MPO, NO, and PGE2, and increased TAC, GSH, GPx, and SOD in interventional groups compared to the AA-colitis group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Honey and SP might be beneficial food supplements for medical nutrition therapy in UC. [GMJ.2019;8:e1095]

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Effect of moderate and high-intensity endurance and resistance training on serum concentrations of MSTN and IGF-1 in old male Wistar rats

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2018-0066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zohreh Shanazari ◽

Mohammad Faramarzi ◽

Ebrahim Banitalebi ◽

Roohullah Hemmati

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Male Rats ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Control Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle is very sensitive to extracellular and intracellular signaling evoked by contractions from endurance and resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate- and high-intensity endurance and resistance training on the serum myostatin (MSTN) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels in older rats. Materials and methods Fifty old Wistar male rats (23 months old) were randomly divided into four experimental and one control groups, including moderate-endurance training (MET) (n = 10), high-intensity endurance training (EHT) (n = 10), moderate-intensity resistance training (MRT) (n = 10), high-intensity resistance training (HRT) (n = 10), and control group (C) (n = 10). Seventy-two hours after the last exercise session, euthanasia of the rats were rendered unconscious and direct blood samples were collected. Serum IGF-1 and MSTN concentration were measured using the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results There was a significant reduction in MSTN and an increase in IGF-1 concentrations was observed between IGF-I levels in high and moderate resistance and endurance training. However, no significant difference was observed in MSTN levels between groups. Discussion Therefore, it appears that resistance training, especially HRT, is effective to increase growth mediators among older rats.

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mTOR signaling response to resistance exercise is altered by chronic resistance training and detraining in skeletal muscle

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01161.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 114 (7) ◽

pp. 934-940 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Riki Ogasawara ◽

Koji Kobayashi ◽

Arata Tsutaki ◽

Kihyuk Lee ◽

Takashi Abe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Male Rats ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Signaling Proteins ◽

Signaling Mechanisms ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Training And Detraining

Resistance training-induced muscle anabolism and subsequent hypertrophy occur most rapidly during the early phase of training and become progressively slower over time. Currently, little is known about the intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying changes in the sensitivity of muscles to training stimuli. We investigated the changes in the exercise-induced phosphorylation of hypertrophic signaling proteins during chronic resistance training and subsequent detraining. Male rats were divided into four groups: 1 bout (1B), 12 bouts (12B), 18 bouts (18B), and detraining (DT). In the DT group, rats were subjected to 12 exercise sessions, detrained for 12 days, and then were subjected to 1 exercise session before being killed. Isometric training consisted of maximum isometric contraction, which was produced by percutaneous electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle every other day. Muscles were removed 24 h after the final exercise session. Levels of total and phosphorylated p70S6K, 4E-BP1, rpS6, and p90RSK levels were measured, and phosphorylation of p70S6K, rpS6, and p90RSK was elevated in the 1B group compared with control muscle (CON) after acute resistance exercise, whereas repeated bouts of exercise suppressed those phosphorylation in both 12B and 18B groups. Interestingly, these phosphorylation levels were restored after 12 days of detraining in the DT group. On the contrary, phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 was not altered with chronic training and detraining, indicating that, with chronic resistance training, anabolic signaling becomes less sensitive to resistance exercise stimuli but is restored after a short detraining period.

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Effect of Spirulina platensis green-blue algae consumption, and circuit resistance training (CRT) on lipid profile in overweight and obese middle-aged men

Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 248-259

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Study Groups ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Circuit Resistance Training ◽

The Impact ◽

Circuit Resistance

Background and Aims: Researchers have recently considered the impact of herbal supplements combined with exercise on weight control. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis green-blue algae consumption, and circuit resistance training (CRT) on lipid profile in overweight and obese middle-aged men. Materials and Methods: This was a single-blind, quasi-experimental, and applied study. The study population included 60 overweight and obese men in the age range of 30-55 years with a body mass index of more than 25 (kg/m2). The participants were purposefully selected and randomly divided into four groups of training plus spirulina (N=15); training plus placebo; spirulina; and Placebo. The intervention and placebo groups took two 500 mg spirulina capsules, and placebo capsules daily for eight weeks, respectively. The CRT was performed for eight weeks and three sessions per week based on a flexible timing pattern, with the observation of the principle of overload with rest intervals between stations and sets. Results: There was a significant difference between the study groups in terms of the levels of triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of the participants (P<0.05). Moreover, in the intra-group investigation, there was a significant reduction in the values of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG), in the groups of training plus spirulina and training plus placebo, cholesterol (TC), and (Aspartate aminotransferase) AST in the groups of training plus spirulina had a significant decrease, Moreover, a significant increase was observed in the levels of HDL and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the group of training plus spirulina. Conclusion: It seems that the consumption of Spirulina platensis green-blue algae combined with CRT can be effective in controlling weight and obesity and preventing obesity-related diseases through the improvement of some indices of metabolic profile and body composition.

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Effect of resistance exercise training on cortical and cancellous bone in mature male rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1998.84.2.459 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 459-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Kim C. Westerlind ◽

James D. Fluckey ◽

Scott E. Gordon ◽

William J. Kraemer ◽

Peter A. Farrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Mature Male ◽

Male Rats ◽

Northern Analysis ◽

Bone Area ◽

Resistance Exercise Training

Westerlind, Kim C., James D. Fluckey, Scott E. Gordon, William J. Kraemer, Peter A. Farrell, and Russell T. Turner.Effect of resistance exercise training on cortical and cancellous bone in mature male rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 459–464, 1998.—The effect of resistance training on tibial cancellous and cortical bone was evaluated in rats by using static histomorphometry and Northern analysis. Five-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to exercise (Ex; n = 8) or control (Con; n = 4) groups. Animals were operantly conditioned to press two levers, facilitating full extension and flexion of the hindlimbs (“squats”), while wearing an unweighted vest. After an 8-wk familiarization period, Ex animals performed 3 sessions/wk for 17–19 sessions with progressively increased amounts of weight applied to the vest. Con rats completed the same exercise protocol without applied resistance. No difference in cross-sectional, medullary, or cortical bone area was observed between Ex and Con rats in the tibial diaphysis. In contrast, the cancellous bone area in the proximal tibial metaphysis was significantly larger in trained rats. Trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and the percentage of cancellous bone covered by osteoid were significantly greater in the Ex animals compared with Con animals. In addition, steady-state mRNA levels for osteocalcin for the Ex group were 456% those expressed in the Con group. The data demonstrate that resistance training increases cancellous bone area in sexually mature male rats and suggest that it does so, in part, by stimulating bone formation.

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β-Adrenergic responsiveness of rats treated chronically with isoproterenol

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y80-177 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1170-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. C. Barney ◽

M. J. Katovich ◽

M. J. Fregly ◽

P. E. Tyler

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Water Intake ◽

Chronic Administration ◽

Male Rats ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Adrenergic Agonist ◽

Significant Attenuation ◽

Challenging Dose ◽

Induced Changes

The effect of chronic administration of isoproterenol on isoproterenol-induced thirst and isoproterenol-induced changes in heart rate and selected organ weights of male rats was studied. Administration of 25 μg isoproterenol/kg, s.c., in saline daily for 10 days was accompanied by a significant attenuation of the characteristic increase in water intake following a challenging dose of isoproterenol (25 μg/kg, s.c.) on the 11th day. Administration of 25 μg isoproterenol/kg, s.c., every 2nd, 3rd, or 4th day for 10 days was without significant effect on water intake following isoproterenol (25 μg/kg, s.c.) on the 11th day. Administration of 25 μg isoproterenol/kg, s.c., every day for 10 days led to a slight increase in cardiac responsiveness to a challenging dose of isoproterenol (25 μg/kg) on the 11th day. Chronic treatment with this low dose of isoproterenol for 10 days was also accompanied by a significant increase in the ratio of heart weight to body weight but no significant changes in the ratio of kidney, adrenal, thyroid, spleen, or interscapular brown fat to body weight. Thus, daily administration of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol for 10 days can alter β-adrenergic responsiveness in the rat with β1 (heart rate) and β2 (thirst) mediated responses showing opposite effects. In addition, the results suggest that tests of β-adrenergic responsiveness must be assessed in terms of the frequency of administration of the agonist.

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Experimental Essential Hypertension in the Rat?

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs061355s ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (s7) ◽

pp. 355s-357s ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Nowaczynski ◽

W. Nowaczynski ◽

D. Mavoungou ◽

G. Wilkins ◽

K. Fung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Filtration ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Plasma Aldosterone ◽

Male Rats ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Charge Heterogeneity ◽

Plasma Electrolytes ◽

Ultra Filtration ◽

A Charge

1. A human urinary thermostable glycoprotein (ABG-TsU) believed to be a homologue of the plasma aldosterone-binding globulin (ABG) was isolated and purified by differential ultra-filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration to electrophoretic homogeneity; it showed a charge heterogeneity in electrofocussing. 2. ABG-TsU was administered intraperitoneally to male rats in small daily doses (7 μg/day per rat). Sustained hypertension developed in 5–8 days. 3. The treated rats showed no changes in plasma electrolytes, aldosterone or plasma renin activity; however, a significant increase in heart weight was observed. 4. This hypertension appears to be adrenal dependent since it is prevented by bilateral adrenalectomy or administration of an aldosterone antagonist, but not by adrenalectomy when aldosterone is given concomitantly with ABG-TsU.

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