Auta, emise a klima: právní nástroje environmentální regulace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Vodička
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Exhaust Fumes ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Charging Stations

The publication focuses on a topic that cannot be described as a traditional legal topic in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, in times of climate change and the general need to shift to zero-emission transportation and sustainable development, this topic is very much needed. The publication provides a general framework of type approval legislation of new vehicles of the EU and national legal system, emphasizing test cycles such as WLTP and RDE. The monograph analyses Euro emission norms which define thresholds for polluting substances from exhaust fumes, and at the same time analyses union legal regulation of CO2 emissions from new vehicles. To fully develop zero-emission transportation, it is necessary to have sufficient corresponding infrastructure (e.g., charging stations). This publication focuses on legislation concerning alternative infrastructure and selected alternative fuels. It also analyses specific legal instruments (direct and indirect), which could be used as tools for developing zero-emission transportation and improving air quality, especially in urban areas. State aid and other financial incentives that can promote zero emission transport development are analysed within indirect legal instruments. Direct legal instruments such as air quality plans, action plans, and low emission zones (which are also compared to their German counterparts) are also analysed. These instruments are analysed with respect to their role in the development of alternative infrastructure and alternative vehicles .

scholarly journals Air Quality Strategies and Technologies: A Rapid Review of the International Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Quarmby ◽  
Georgina Santos ◽  
Megan Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Vehicle Purchase

Poor air quality is a pressing policy issue that spans public health and environmental portfolios, and governments worldwide are investing in a wide array of measures to address it. This paper is a rapid review of the evidence behind air quality strategies and technologies. It was conducted according to the principles of a systematic review, and includes both academic and “grey” literature sources. It focuses on road transport in urban areas, because air pollution tends to be worse in cities, and the main source is fossil fuel vehicles. It draws on the environmental science and policy literature to provide interdisciplinary insight into the most effective air quality policy measures. The most promising initiatives include active travel infrastructure, roadside barriers, low emission zones, and low speed limits. Technologies which remove pollution from the air largely remain unproven, especially at the scale needed to make a significant impact. The combinations of policies from three cities which rank highly for air quality are reviewed; one important finding is that policies are most effective when they are a part of a mutually reinforcing suite of measures. Policies consistent across the cities studied are good public transport coverage, a good cycle network, and financial incentives for electric vehicle purchase.

scholarly journals LIFE MONZA: project description and actions’ updating

Noise Mapping ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Bartalucci ◽  
Francesco Borchi ◽  
Monica Carfagni ◽  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Project Description ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The City

Abstract The introduction of Low Emission Zones, urban areas subject to road traffic restrictions in order to ensure compliance with the air pollutants limit values set by the European Directive on ambient air quality (2008/50/EC), is a common and well-established action in the administrative government of cities. The impacts on air quality improvement are widely analysed, whereas the effects and benefits concerning the noise have not been addressed in a comprehensive manner. As a consequence, the definition, the criteria for the analysis and the management methods of a Noise Low Emission Zone are not clearly expressed and shared yet. The LIFE MONZA project (Methodologies fOr Noise low emission Zones introduction And management - LIFE15 ENV/IT/000586) addresses these issues. The first objective of the project, co-funded by the European Commission, is to introduce an easy-replicable method for the identification and the management of the Noise Low Emission Zone, an urban area subject to traffic restrictions, whose impacts and benefits regarding noise issues will be analyzed and tested in the pilot area of the city of Monza, located in Northern Italy. Background conditions, structure, objectives of the project and actions’ progress will be discussed in this article.

Alternative fuels in public transport and restrictions contained on their use

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 441-451
Author(s):  
Marek Ziembicki ◽  
Dariusz Pyza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Communication Lines

European transport policy assumes reducing the negative impact of transport on the natural environment and improving the energy efficiency of means of transport. European cities undertake numerous activities aimed at limiting the use of diesel-powered vehicles and introducing solutions free of toxic substances. The first part of the paper is devoted to the attempt to find an answer to the question at what stage of development there are currently low and zero emission vehicles in public transport. The second part will present the current research on the use of low-emission vehicles in public transport on the example of the largest carrier in Poland. The paper presents the results of research and statistics collected since 2015, mainly electric buses running every day on various routes of communication lines in Warsaw.

scholarly journals SWOT analysis – a tool for determining the public transport network in Zamość

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Renata Repeć ◽  
Andrzej Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
The City

The implementation of the obligations resulting from the Act on electromobility and alternative fuels forces local government units to pro-vide transport services in public collective transport with the use of low- and zero-emission buses. Zamość, as a city with more than 50,000 inhabitants, is obliged to purchase zero-emission rolling stock, which is connected with the analysis of network reorganization and the choice of shaping new transport bundles in the city. Despite the fact that MZK Zamość owns a fleet of low-emission vehicles (powered by CNG), it is obliged to purchase an appropriate number of zero-emission buses (e.g. e-buses). The article presents by means of SWOT analysis the strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats resulting from the change in the adaptation of the transport network of the city of Zamość to the legal conditions concerning electromobility and low-carbon buses.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of air pollution in urban environments at the level of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-91
Author(s):  
Tatjana Bugarski ◽  
Bojan Tubić ◽  
Milana Pisarić
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
European Union ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Air Quality Standards

Air pollution in urban areas is currently one of the major risks to the environment and human health. Directives at the level of the European Union require Member States to monitor and control the concentration of certain pollutants in the air, especially in urban areas. However, despite the fact that there is a legal framework for controlling the concentration of air pollutants, the data show that a number of Member States fail to meet air quality standards, and thus to protect the health of the population. This paper presents individual air quality standards in urban areas at the level of the European Union and analyzes the application of these standards through several examples. In addition, the multiple importance of the control system for the concentration of certain air pollutants in urban areas was pointed out, in terms of the impact of polluted air on human behavior and the growth of crime rates.

Improving the Protection of Children Against Air Pollution Threats in Romania � The RokidAIR Project Approach and Future Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-846
Author(s):  
Hai-Ying Liu ◽  
Daniel Dunea ◽  
Mihaela Oprea ◽  
Tom Savu ◽  
Stefania Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Quality Maps

This paper presents the approach used to develop the information chain required to reach the objectives of the EEA Grants� RokidAIR project in two Romanian cities i.e., Targoviste and Ploiesti. It describes the PM2.5 monitoring infrastructure and architecture to the web-based GIS platform, the early warning system and the decision support system, and finally, the linking of air pollution to health effects in children. In addition, it shows the analysis performance of the designed system to process the collected time series from various data sources using the benzene concentrations monitored in Ploiesti. Moreover, this paper suggests that biomarkers, mobile technologies, and Citizens� Observatories are potential perspectives to improve data coverage by the provision of near-real-time air quality maps, and provide personal exposure and health assessment results, enabling the citizens� engagement and behavioural change. This paper also addresses new fields in nature-based solutions to improve air quality, and studies on air pollution and its mental health effects in the urban areas of Romania.

scholarly journals Morpho-Physio-Biochemical Attributes of Roadside Trees as Potential Tools for Biomonitoring of Air Quality and Environmental Health in Urban Areas

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Ha Na You ◽  
Myeong Ja Kwak ◽  
Sun Mi Je ◽  
Jong Kyu Lee ◽  
Yea Ji Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Species Specific

Environmental pollution is an important issue in metropolitan areas, and roadside trees are directly affected by various sources of pollution to which they exhibit numerous responses. The aim of the present study was to identify morpho-physio-biochemical attributes of maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba L.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) growing under two different air quality conditions (roadside with high air pollution, RH and roadside with low air pollution, RL) and to assess the possibility of using their physiological and biochemical parameters as biomonitoring tools in urban areas. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiencies, and photochromic contents were generally low in RH in both G. biloba and P. occidentalis. However, water-use efficiency and leaf temperature showed high values in RH trees. Among biochemical parameters, in G. biloba, the lipid peroxide content was higher in RH than in RL trees, but in P. occidentalis, this content was lower in RH than in RL trees. In both species, physiological activities were low in trees planted in areas with high levels of air pollution, whereas their biochemical and morphological variables showed different responses to air pollution. Thus, we concluded that it is possible to determine species-specific physiological variables affected by regional differences of air pollution in urban areas, and these findings may be helpful for monitoring air quality and environmental health using trees.

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