scholarly journals Regionální konvergence v příjmech v rámci odvětví české ekonomiky

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Zdražil
Keyword(s):  
Regional Disparities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
Industrial Groups

The aim of this contribution is to assess the development of regional disparities in income within the sectors of Czech economy. Based on the average compensations of employees per hours worked, the sectoral structure is assessed at the level of 6 individual industries and 5 aggregated industrial groups. The research is carried out at the level of self-governing regions in 1995-2018. The sigma convergence approach is proceed to analyse the disparity processes. The analysis showed that individual sectors have very different positions in the economy in terms of both the share and dynamics of changes. Moreover, in the pre-crisis period (before 2008) the level and dynamics of variability were higher in most sectors. The results suggest that regional disparities in income are converging in most sectors; however, disparities are stable at the level of the whole economy. This development is a result of absence of convergence or divergence processes in sectors with large and growing shares on the structure of economy. On the other hand, the share of the converging sectors is stable or rather declining, while the convergence tendencies proceed with a very low intensity. Higher intensity of convergence process is achieved only by very minor sectors of economy.

scholarly journals The role of SMEs in innovation-oriented economic development

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Tamás Köpeczi-Bócz ◽  
Mónika Lőrincz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
National Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The One

Both at European and national level tertiary and quaternary sectors are concentrated in the metropolitan centre. In the rural areas only the sites of such sectors can be found the premises of which temporarily transform the sectoral structure of these areas, but from the regional development aspect they did not prove to be an effective strategy.The European Commission is now focusing on growth from innovation, which could become the driving force behind productivity growth and the economy’s long-term trend. The innovation-oriented economic development’s key players are on the one hand the knowledge-intensive enterprises, on the other hand the universities. Tertiary education can play a role – among others – in shaping and creating the development of knowledge intensive business environment and conditions, on the other hand it can assist the development of network contacts – another precondition of employment growth.

scholarly journals New Industrial Spaces in Old Industrial Centres: Selected Examples of Sosnowiec (Poland) and České Budějovice (Czech Republic)

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 212-229
Author(s):  
Dagmar Popjaková ◽  
Maria Tkocz ◽  
Michal Vančura
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Austrian Capital ◽  
The City

As industrial centres, the Polish city of Sosnowiec and the Czech city of České Budějovice developed differently. Sosnowiec was a part of the Upper-Silesian coal region, one of the most important old industrial regions on the European scale. However, until the 1980s, the city had developed not only as a centre of coal extraction and iron metallurgy, but unlike other Upper-Silesian industrial cities, also as a centre with diversified sectoral structure of industry. On the other hand, České Budějovice evolved as a peripheral centre in the southern part of the Czech Republic, i.e. in the region located outside the main industrialized spaces in the country. České Budějovice and the surroundings did not possess, apart from graphites and water, sufficient reserves of minerals. For this reason, since the beginning of industrial development it has been the light (consumer) industry that has played the major role, and in particular the production of beer and stationery. Industrial development of the cities has also differed during the last 20 years. In Sosnowiec, an important part in the regeneration of old industrial areas has been played by the city and European funds. At the same time, all the main old industrial areas maintained their production functions. In České Budějovice on the other hand, it has been the German and Austrian capital. Several industrial areas have altered their former production function into non-production functions.

scholarly journals Economic crisis and security concerns of wholesalers in Eastern European and Central Asian countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Nilgun Balas ◽  
Halil Dincer Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Similar Percentage ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries

We examine how the 2008-2009 global crisis affected wholesalers’ spending on security and their losses due to crime in Eastern European and Central Asian countries. The results indicate that a similar percentage of wholesalers paid for security pre- and post-crisis. The results also indicate that the wholesalers that paid for security spent less on security post-crisis. A higher percentage of the partnerships and the larger wholesalers spent money on security post-crisis when compared to the pre-crisis period. On the other hand, fewer shareholding firms with shares traded privately and fewer firms with one or more female owners spent money on security post-crisis when compared to pre-crisis. Especially smaller firms, firms that are not part of a larger firm and sole proprietorships spent less on security post-crisis. Also, fewer wholesalers experienced losses due to crime post-crisis when compared to the pre-crisis period. Finally, our results indicate that, after the crisis, crime was seen as less of an obstacle by these firms.

Hours Worked by Husbands and Wives

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Work ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Hours Of Work

THIS article uses a simultaneous equation model to explain the number of hours of paid market work by husbands and wives. The analysis is restricted to married couples living together where both wife and husband have jobs working for money. Within this context, whites and blacks are compared as salaried, union hourly, and nonunion hourly groups. The substitutability or complementarity of husbands' and wives' hours of market work is examined. Black husbands appear to treat their wives' work as complementary to their own hours of work. On the other hand, white husbands on salaries appear to see their wives' work as a substitute for their own work.

scholarly journals Study of Regional Disparities among Districts in East Java Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Enggar Dwi Novianto ◽  
Wiwandari Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Some evidences have emerged indicating that there are regional disparities in East Java Province and industrialization seems to give its contribution in creating regional disparities. In 2014, Manufacturing industry dominated the contribution to the GDP which was 29%, on the other hand mostly the people who worked in the agricultural sector, and so the land which mostly agricultural. This study aims to identify factors influencing the disparities in East Java Province. This statement is also strengthened by the Williamson index which showed that the regional disparities were quite high, with two districts indicated to contributing the most, Kediri and Surabaya City. By using factor analysis, this research will try to answer what factors influencing the disparities statistically, and cluster analysis is trying to figure out the disparities spatially. Then it is going to be proven that some districts agglomerated in a certain area and can implicate the disparities in East Java.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

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