Comparison of biochemistry values from plasma and lymph in Krefft’s river turtles (Emydura macquarii krefftii)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Glassman ◽  
Kristi M Gamblin ◽  
Trevor T Zachariah
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
River Turtles

Lymph contamination of peripheral blood samples is common in reptile species due to a close association of the lymphatic and vascular systems. Grossly lymph-diluted samples are generally discarded due to potential effects on hematologic and biochemical parameters.  Differences in biochemistry values from different sample sites in chelonians are often attributed to lymph contamination. Previous studies have evaluated blood-lymph mixtures but provide limited information since the proportion of lymph is unknown. Differences in biochemistry values of pure lymph compared to plasma are unknown in chelonian species. Paired plasma samples collected from the jugular vein and lymph samples collected from the dorsal lymphatic ring adjacent to the subcarapacial plexus were collected from 11 (6 females, 5 males) Krefft’s river turtles ( Emydura macquarii krefftii ) for comparison of biochemical analytes. No statistically significant differences were found between lymph and plasma samples for chloride, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine kinase, urea nitrogen, and total bilirubin.  Statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were found between lymph and plasma samples for gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total protein, globulin, and uric acid. Sex and sample differences were statistically significant for sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, and triglycerides, while significant sex differences only were found for alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and iron. Severe lymph dilution (1:1 with plasma) may cause clinically significant decreases of potassium, total protein, globulin, and LDH, and increases of GGT and uric acid in both sexes, as well as clinically significant decreases of calcium and triglycerides in female Krefft’s river turtles.

scholarly journals Interference of ascorbic acid with chemical analytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing H Meng ◽  
William C Irwin ◽  
Jennifer Fesser ◽  
K Lorne Massey
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

Background: Ascorbic acid can interfere with methodologies involving redox reactions, while comprehensive studies on main chemistry analysers have not been reported. We therefore attempted to determine the interference of ascorbic acid with analytes on the Beckman Synchron LX20®. Methods: Various concentrations of ascorbic acid were added to serum, and the serum analytes were measured on the LX20. Results: With a serum ascorbic acid concentration of 12.0 mmol/L, the values for sodium, potassium, calcium and creatinine increased by 43%, 58%, 103% and 26%, respectively ( P<0.01). With a serum ascorbic acid concentration of 12.0 mmol/L, the values for chloride, total bilirubin and uric acid decreased by 33%, 62% and 83%, respectively ( P<0.01), and were undetectable for total cholesterol, triglyceride, ammonia and lactate. There was no definite influence of ascorbic acid on analytical values for total CO2, urea, glucose, phosphate, total protein, albumin, amylase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total iron, unbound iron-binding capacity or magnesium. Conclusions: Ascorbic acid causes a false increase in sodium, potassium, calcium and creatinine results and a false decrease in chloride, total bilirubin, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ammonia and lactate results.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Extruded Linseed and Walnut Meal Mixture (8:1) on Performance and Plasma Protein Profile in Weaned Piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca GHEORGHE ◽  
Mihaela HĂBEANU ◽  
Nicoleta Aurelia LEFTER ◽  
Daniela Mihaela GRIGORE
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen

The effects of dietary extruded linseed (ELS):walnut meal (WM) mixture (8:1) on performance and plasma protein profile in weaned piglets was evaluated for 21 d. Topigs piglets (n=40; BW=8.02±0.82 kg), age 30±3 days, were allotted into 2 groups and fed 2 diets: control [C, based on corn-triticale-soybean meal (SBM)] and experimental (ELS:WM, where the ELS:WM mixture (8:1) partially replace SBM). Blood samples were collected at 7d and 21d after weaning. The plasma protein profile (total protein, total bilirubin, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, urea nitrogen-BUN) were determined by a chemistry analyser. Dietary ELS:WM mixture improve the BW (P=0.047) and ADG (P=0.036) of piglets at 21d after weaning vs C, whereas ADFI and F:G ratio were increase (P>0.05). The plasma protein profile of piglets fed dietary mixture was not affected at 7d and 21d after weaning, except plasma BUN concentration that was decrease (P=0.027) at 21d after weaning. Lower BUN concentration indicated higher availability of dietary nitrogen reflected in a higher deposition of protein. We concluded that dietary ELS:WM mixture improve piglets performance and positively afect plasma protein profile, especially BUN in weaning period.

Discrepancies Between Sodium Concentrations Measured by the Kodak Ektachem 700 and by Dilutional and Direct Ion-Selective Electrode Analyzers

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2419-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Stone ◽  
J R Moriguchi ◽  
D R Notto ◽  
P E Murphy ◽  
C J Dass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract We have identified rare (approximately 0.2% of all samples), but clinically significant, discrepancies between serum or plasma sodium concentrations measured with the Kodak Ektachem 700's direct ion-selective electrode (ISE) method and concentrations measured with two other analyzers: the Beckman Synchron CX3's dilutional ISE instrument and the Radiometer KNA2 instrument for sodium-potassium analysis by the direct ISE method. The differences do not appear to be related to any previously identified sources of discrepancy, such as variations in triglycerides, bicarbonate, total protein, albumin, or gamma-globulin, the presence of paraproteins, or interference by benzalkonium chloride from heparinized catheters. They occurred despite the use of Gen 04 reference fluid on the Ektachem. We could not identify any drug or family of drugs that the patients had taken in common and that might influence the results. Until this problem is resolved, Ektachem users should be aware of the potential for discrepancies of &gt; 6 mmol/L in measurements of sodium concentrations.

scholarly journals The EuBIVAS: Within- and Between-Subject Biological Variation Data for Electrolytes, Lipids, Urea, Uric Acid, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, and Glucose

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasne K Aarsand ◽  
Jorge Díaz-Garzón ◽  
Pilar Fernandez-Calle ◽  
Elena Guerra ◽  
Massimo Locatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Variation Data

Abstract BACKGROUND The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS) has been established to deliver rigorously determined data describing biological variation (BV) of clinically important measurands. Here, EuBIVAS-based BV estimates of serum electrolytes, lipids, urea, uric acid, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and glucose, as well as their associated analytical performance specifications (APSs), are presented. METHOD Samples were drawn from 91 healthy individuals (38 male, 53 female; age range, 21–69 years) for 10 consecutive weeks at 6 European laboratories. Samples were stored at −80 °C before duplicate analysis of all samples on an ADVIA 2400 (Siemens Healthineers). Outlier and homogeneity analyses were performed, followed by CV-ANOVA on trend-corrected data, when relevant, to determine BV estimates with CIs. RESULTS The within-subject BV (CVI) estimates of all measurands, except for urea and LDL cholesterol, were lower than estimates available in an online BV database, with differences being most pronounced for HDL cholesterol, glucose, and direct bilirubin. Significant differences in CVI for men and women/women &lt;50 years of age were evident for uric acid, triglycerides, and urea. The CVA obtained for sodium and magnesium exceeded the EuBIVAS-based APS for imprecision. CONCLUSIONS The EuBIVAS, which is fully compliant with the recently published Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist, has produced well-characterized, high-quality BV estimates utilizing a stringent experimental protocol. These new reference data deliver revised and more exacting APS and reference change values for commonly used clinically important measurands, thus having direct relevance to diagnostics manufacturers, service providers, clinical users, and ultimately patients.

Effect of occupational exposure to petrol and gasoline components on liver and renal biochemical parameters among gas station attendants, a review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-530
Author(s):  
Somayeh Rahimi Moghadam ◽  
Mahdi Afshari ◽  
Ali Ganjali ◽  
Mahmood Moosazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Keywords Screening

AbstractObjectivesKidney and liver are of the most affected organs during permanent exposure to petrol and gasoline components in gas stations. This study aims to investigate the renal and liver involvements in these workers using meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Science direct, ISI web of science, and Google scholar motor engine were searched using Mesh terms of the relevant keywords. Screening of titles, abstracts and full texts was continued until the eligible articles meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was conducted using NOS (Newcastle–Ottawa Quality score). The pooled standard mean difference of the renal and liver indices between exposed/unexposed groups was estimated using Stata ver. 11 software.ResultsIn this systematic review, 22 papers were entered. The pooled standard mean difference (95% confidence interval) between exposed and unexposed groups was estimated as of 0.74 (0.28, 1.21) for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 2.44 (1.80, 3.08) for aspartate transaminase (AST), 2.06 (1.42, 2.69) for alanine transaminase (ALT), 0.10 (−0.09, 0.29) for total Bilirubin (TB), 0.74 (−0.42, −1.90) for total protein (TP), −0.49 (−0.82, −0.15) for albumin, 0.88 (−0.10, 1.87) for uric acid, 1.02 (0.45, 1.59) for creatinine and 1.44 (0.75, 2.13) for blood urea nitrogen (BUN).ConclusionOur meta-analysis showed that the serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, total bilirubin, BUN, uric acid and creatinine levels were higher among workers exposed to petrol and gasoline than control group, while albumin was lower in the serum of the exposed workers. Therefore, occupational exposure to gasoline stations can create adverse effects on kidney and liver function.

Hemoglobin, electrolytes, and other major clinical laboratory analytes as measured with a physician's office analyzer, the Kodak DT60.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2201-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Hicks ◽  
M Iosefsohn
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Coulter Counter ◽  
Office Setting ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Skilled Operator ◽  
Laboratory Procedures

Abstract We evaluated the Kodak DT60 analyzer, to assess its suitability for use in the physician's office setting. The DT60 Analyzer is based on the same multilayer film technology as used in the Ektachem 400 and 700. We compared results obtained with DT60 for all the analyses currently available for use in this instrument (Na+, K+, Cl-, glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, total bilirubin, total protein, amylase, cholesterol, and triglycerides) with results from a Kodak Ektachem 700 Analyzer and from other laboratory procedures. Results for hemoglobin were compared with those from a Coulter Counter Analyzer. For all analytes, linearity of the standard curve for various dilutions of Ektachem calibrators was within the manufacturer's claims. CVs for within-run precision ranged from 0.8% to 5.4%, run-to-run CVs ranged from 1.6% to 7.5%. Except for amylase, comparisons with other methods were generally very good. The only interference we observed was that of hemoglobin in the bilirubin assay. Calibration was stable for longer than one month. We also compared the performance of a skilled operator with that of an unskilled operator and of a physician.

A Multichannel Continuous-Flow Analyzer

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E Thiers ◽  
Jean Bryan ◽  
Katherine Oglesby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Channel Analyzer

Abstract A 10-channel analyzer is described with which sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, albumin blank, and uric acid levels may be determined simultaneously. Operating at the rate of 60 specimens per hour, the instrument uses less than 1 ml. of serum for all 10 determinations. The results appear on 5 two-pen recorders. The report describes the instrument, its operating characteristics, modification of the sampler module to enable sampling from test tubes, a manual system of rapid data-handling, and the system employed for nearly anaerobic sample-handling.

Changes in Blood Chemistry of Juvenile Steelhead Trout, Salmo gairdneri, Following Sublethal Exposure to Nitrogen Supersaturation

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1953-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase

Groups of juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed for 35 days to various (103, 105, 110, and 116%) sublethal nitrogen plus argon saturations. Pooled serum samples were analyzed for Ca, Na, PO4, K, Cl, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase. An increase in serum potassium and phosphate, and a decline in serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, total protein and alkaline phosphatase were noted in steelhead exposed to 116% nitrogen (N2 + Ar) saturation (total atmospheric gas saturation 110%). No major changes in blood chemistry were observed at nitrogen saturations of 110% or less.

scholarly journals Administration of Honey and Royal Jelly Ameliorate Cisplatin Induced Changes in Liver and Kidney Function in Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2191-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhalchandra Baburao Waykar ◽  
Yahya Ali Alqadhi
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Induced Changes

Although cisplatin is an effective drug, its clinical use is limited because of its side effects. Honey and royal jelly are natural antioxidants that can be extracted from honey bees. The aim of this investigation is to study the ameliorative role of both honey and royal jelly against cisplatin induced changes in levels of liver and kidney function biomarkers in rat. Male wistar albino rats of almost same age and weight were divided randomly into four groups. Group I: (control group) rats were given 0.9% saline. Group II; (cisplatin group) rats were injected by cisplatin (7mg/ kg/ day) intraperitoneally for 15 days. Group III; (Honey and Royall jelly group) rats were fed orally honey (500 mg/kg/day) with royal jelly (100mg/kg/day) for 15 days. Group IV; (cisplatin and honey with royal jelly group) rats were injected cisplatin (7mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally and fed orally honey (500mg/kg/day) with royal jelly (100mg/kg/day) daily for 15 days. At the end of experiment, blood was collected and serum was got by centrifugation at 3500 rpm. Serum obtained was analyzed for liver function test by estimating ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, albumin, and total protein and kidney function test by estimating creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels. Administration of cisplatin to rats (Group, II) leads to a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP enzyme activity, while the values of total bilirubin, total protein and albumin were significantly decreased as compared to control. Oral supplementation of royal jelly and honey to rats (Group, III) showed comparable enzyme activity of ALT, AST, ALP and values of total bilirubin, total protein and albumin to control. In the rat group that were administered honey and royal jelly in association of cisplatin (Group, IV) improvement was observed in liver function biomarkers. Cisplatin administrated rats (G, II) shows a significant increase in the values of kidney function biomarkers like creatinine, urea and uric acid compare to control. Oral supplementation of royal jelly and honey treated to rats (Group, III) showed comparable values of creatinine, urea and uric acid to control. In the rat group that were administered honey and royal jelly in association of cisplatin (Group, IV) improvement was observed in kidney function biomarkers. The study found that combined administration of honey and royal jelly attenuated the cisplatin induced alterations in liver and kidney function biomarkers, because honey and royal jelly are free radical scavengers, lipid peroxidation inhibitors and anti-inflammatory effects and hence are recommended during the cisplatin chemotherapy.

Profile of Admission Chemical Data by Multichannel Automation: An Evaluative Experiment

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Jean Bryan ◽  
Judith L Wearne ◽  
Alberto Viau ◽  
A Wendell Musser ◽  
Fred W Schoonmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract In an experiment comparing the clinical chemical data obtained for incoming hospital patients from samples of blood submitted to the routine laboratory and from samples analyzed automatically, a multichannel analyzer was employed. The constituents determined, chosen on the basis of the frequency with which they were ordinarily requested, were glucose, urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide content, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, and uric acid. In a significant fraction of the patients admitted at three different hospitals the profile of admission chemical determinations indicated abnormal values which had not been sought by the physician and which often were of direct help to him and benefit to the patient.

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