Kant on Concepts, Intuitions, and the Continuity of Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-259
Author(s):  
Christian Martin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Transcendental Argument ◽  
Ernst Cassirer ◽  
Logical Empiricist ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pure Intuition

This paper engages with Kant‘s account of space as a continuum. The stage is set by looking at how the question of spatial continuity comes up in a debate from the 1920s between Ernst Cassirer and logical empiricist thinkers about Kant‘s conception of spatial representation as a pure intuition. While granting that concrete features of space can only be known empirically, Cassirer attempted to save Kant‘s conception by restricting it to the core commitment of space as a continuous coexistent manifold. Cassirer did not however come up with a transcendental argument for spatial continuity. The paper presents such an argument by providing a reading of Kant‘s from which it transpires that Kant does not simply rely on supposed into the continuity of space. It is by way ofinstead that we can know space to be continuous and Kant’s distinction between intuitions and concepts does hinge on such knowledge.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION AND LAND PRICE USING MULTITEMPORAL DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W7 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
K. Kumagai ◽  
H. Uematsu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Population ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Land Price ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Multitemporal Data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Japanese cities are facing a rapidly aging society with birthrates, lower than the average rates of developed world. Population decline generates many problems such as depopulation in rural areas. One of the measures implemented is to define core areas for maintaining sufficient population density given current and predicted population dynamics. On the other hand, there is a potential for the surroundings of the core areas to be run-down because vacancies generate many problems such as crime, susceptibility to fire, and other negative events. There have been, however, few measures concerning the spatial distribution of parks and open spaces around the core areas. We applied a hedonic approach with a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to the analysis of the relationship between the assessed values of land and geographical information in order to estimate the importance of landscape factors: the spatial continuity of vegetation distributions, public parks, and the local averages of NDVI. It was shown that the number of points where the spatial continuity of vegetation distributions makes positive impacts on nearby land prices is gradually increasing during years 2000 and 2015, while the average of land price continues to fall.</p>

Multichannel band-controlled deconvolution based on a data-driven structural regularization

Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. R401-R411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Du ◽  
Guofa Li ◽  
Mo Zhang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Wuyang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Inversion Result ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Alternating Direction ◽  
Full Band ◽  
Weak Reflection ◽  
The Cost

Sparse deconvolution methods frequently invert for subsurface reflection impulses and adopt a trace-by-trace processing pattern. However, following this approach causes unreliability of the estimated reflectivity due to the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem, the poor spatial continuity of structures in the reconstructed reflectivity section, and the suppression on the reflection signals with small amplitudes. We have developed a structurally constrained multichannel band-controlled deconvolution (SC-MBCD) algorithm to alleviate these three issues. The algorithm inverts for a high-resolution seismogram rather than the full-band reflectivity series, thereby reducing the multiple solutions in the inversion and enhancing the reliability of processing results. We also exploited a structural constraint term to guarantee the spatial continuity of the structures, and we enhanced the relatively weak signals. The reflection structure characteristics, defined and extracted from the observed stacked seismic data, are the core of the structural regularization item. We solved the cost function of the SC-MBCD by the alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm. Synthetic model and field data examples demonstrate the rationality of SC-MBCD and confirmed that the algorithm can provide a better inversion result than the conventional sparse spike inversion in terms of retrieving weak reflection events and guaranteeing stratal continuities.

CONTINENTAL DIVIDE: ERNST CASSIRER AND MARTIN HEIDEGGER AT DAVOS, 1929—AN ALLEGORY OF INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER ELI GORDON
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Ernst Cassirer ◽  
Historical Trend ◽  
The Core ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
The Status

The 1929 ‘Davos encounter’ between Martin Heidegger and Ernst Cassirer has long been viewed by intellectual historians as a paradigmatic event not only for its philosophical meaning but also for its apparently cultural-political ramifications. But such interpretations easily lend legitimacy to a broader and recently ascendant intellectual-historical trend that would reduce philosophy to an allegorical expression of ostensibly more ‘real’ or instrumentalist meanings. However, as this essay tries to show, the core of the dispute between Cassirer and Heidegger is irreducibly philosophical: the Davos debate brought into focus the emergent themes of the so-called “Kant-crisis” of the 1920s, and cast new light upon neo-Kantian doctrines as to the status of objectivity and the possibility for intersubjective consensus in both knowledge and ethics. The Davos encounter cannot be retroactively decided on political or cultural grounds, since it concerns just that unresolved tension between transcendentalism and hermeneutics that is itself constitutive of intellectual history as a discipline.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

A scanning electron microscopic study on dissolving process of cholesterol gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
T. Kanetaka ◽  
M. Cho ◽  
S. Kawamura ◽  
T. Sado ◽  
K. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Acceleration Voltage ◽  
Scanning Electron

The authors have investigated the dissolution process of human cholesterol gallstones using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). This study was carried out by comparing control gallstones incubated in beagle bile with gallstones obtained from patients who were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA).The cholesterol gallstones for this study were obtained from 14 patients. Three control patients were treated without CDCA and eleven patients were treated with CDCA 300-600 mg/day for periods ranging from four to twenty five months. It was confirmed through chemical analysis that these gallstones contained more than 80% cholesterol in both the outer surface and the core.The specimen were obtained from the outer surface and the core of the gallstones. Each specimen was attached to alminum sheet and coated with carbon to 100Å thickness. The SEM observation was made by Hitachi S-550 with 20 kV acceleration voltage and with 60-20, 000X magnification.

The Structure and Development of Microbodies in the Fat Body and other Tissues of an Insect (Calpodes Ethlius)

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
M. Locke ◽  
J. T. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Dense Core ◽  
Urate Oxidase ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Free Base ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Matrix

The fat body of insects has always been compared functionally to the liver of vertebrates. Both synthesize and store glycogen and lipid and are concerned with the formation of blood proteins. The comparison becomes even more apt with the discovery of microbodies and the localization of urate oxidase and catalase in insect fat body.The microbodies are oval to spherical bodies about 1μ across with a depression and dense core on one side. The core is made of coiled tubules together with dense material close to the depressed membrane. The tubules may appear loose or densely packed but always intertwined like liquid crystals, never straight as in solid crystals (Fig. 1). When fat body is reacted with diaminobenzidine free base and H2O2 at pH 9.0 to determine the distribution of catalase, electron microscopy shows the enzyme in the matrix of the microbodies (Fig. 2). The reaction is abolished by 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole, a competitive inhibitor of catalase. The fat body is the only tissue which consistantly reacts positively for urate oxidase. The reaction product is sharply localized in granules of about the same size and distribution as the microbodies. The reaction is inhibited by 2, 6, 8-trichloropurine, a competitive inhibitor of urate oxidase.

Exsolution and inversion in pigeonite from the Whin Sill, Northern England

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
P.P.K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Antiphase Boundaries ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nucleation Mechanisms ◽  
And Inversion

Grains of pigeonite, a calcium-poor silicate mineral of the pyroxene group, from the Whin Sill dolerite have been ion-thinned and examined by TEM. The pigeonite is strongly zoned chemically from the composition Wo8En64FS28 in the core to Wo13En34FS53 at the rim. Two phase transformations have occurred during the cooling of this pigeonite:- exsolution of augite, a more calcic pyroxene, and inversion of the pigeonite from the high- temperature C face-centred form to the low-temperature primitive form, with the formation of antiphase boundaries (APB's). Different sequences of these exsolution and inversion reactions, together with different nucleation mechanisms of the augite, have created three distinct microstructures depending on the position in the grain.In the core of the grains small platelets of augite about 0.02μm thick have farmed parallel to the (001) plane (Fig. 1). These are thought to have exsolved by homogeneous nucleation. Subsequently the inversion of the pigeonite has led to the creation of APB's.

Intramitochondrial Viruses of Reptilian Cell Origin

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Philip D. Lunger ◽  
H. Fred Clark
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Vipera Russelli ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Type Particle

In the course of fine structure studies of spontaneous “C-type” particle production in a viper (Vipera russelli) spleen cell line, designated VSW, virus particles were frequently observed within mitochondria. The latter were usually enlarged or swollen, compared to virus-free mitochondria, and displayed a considerable degree of cristae disorganization.Intramitochondrial viruses measure 90 to 100 mμ in diameter, and consist of a nucleoid or core region of varying density and measuring approximately 45 mμ in diameter. Nucleoid density variation is presumed to reflect varying degrees of condensation, and hence maturation stages. The core region is surrounded by a less-dense outer zone presumably representing viral capsid.Particles are usually situated in peripheral regions of the mitochondrion. In most instances they appear to be lodged between loosely apposed inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.

Bonafide Substructure in the Core of Ferritin

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
William H. Massover
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Central Cavity ◽  
Amplitude Image ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hydrated Ferric Oxide ◽  
Imaging Artifact ◽  
Contrast Image ◽  
Protein Shell ◽  
Regular Patterns

Each molecule of ferritin (d = 130Å) contains a core of iron surrounded by a 24-subunit protein shell. The amount of iron stored is variable and is present within the central cavity (d = 80Å) as a hydrated ferric oxide equivalent to the mineral, ferrihydrite. Many early ultrastructural studies of ferritin detected regular patterns of a multiparticulate substructure in the iron-rich core [e.g., 3,4], Each small particle was termed a “micelle“; a theory became widely accepted that a core consisted of up to six micelles positioned at the vertices of an octahedron. Other workers recognized that the apparent micelles were smaller or even disappeared if images were recorded closer to exact focus [e.g., 5]. In 1969, Haydon clearly established that the observed substructure was really an imaging artifact; each apparent micelle was only a dot in the underfocused phase contrast image of the supporting film superimposed on the amplitude image of the strongly scattering metal.

Electron Microscopy of Bacteriophage T7 Internal Head Proteins

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P. Serwer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacteriophage T7 ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
The Core ◽  
Internal Core ◽  
Phage T7 ◽  
T7 Phage ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Internal Head

The genome of bacteriophage T7 is a duplex DNA molecule packaged in a space whose volume has been measured to be 2.2 x the volume of the B form of T7 DNA. To help determine the mechanism for packaging this DNA, the configuration of proteins inside the phage head has been investigated by electron microscopy. A core which is roughly cylindrical in outline has been observed inside the head of phage T7 using three different specimen preparation techniques.When T7 phage are treated with glutaraldehyde, DNA is ejected from the head often revealing an internal core (dark arrows in Fig. 1). When both the core and tail are present in a particle, the core appears to be coaxial with the tail. Core-tail complexes sometimes dislodge from their normal location and appear attached to the outside of a phage head (light arrow in Fig. 1).

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