Comparison of grain protein components and processing quality in responses to dim light during grain filling between strong and weak gluten wheat cultivars

Old durum wheat cultivars are attracting renewed attention due to their suitability to low input agricultural systems. Fourteen old durum wheat cultivars were analyzed in two field trials to assess the effect of grain number and N absorbed and translocated by the crops on grain protein percentage. The mean grain yield was below 3 t ha−1 and strongly associated with the number of grains m−2 (GNO) (r = 0.97 ***). Grain yield displayed a low sensitivity to severe terminal stressful conditions due to the ability of the old durum wheat cultivars to maintain high grain weights despite the high temperatures and short time available for grain filling caused by their late anthesis. The N source for the growing grains was mainly dependent on pre-anthesis N uptake, which was positively associated with the total biomass produced by anthesis. The tall cultivars generally left a greater amount of N m−2 (8–15 g m−2) in their straw compared with shorter ones (5–6 g m−2). The low and variable GNO modulated the amount of N potentially available for each grain and probably limited the possibility of delivering the large N source to the grains. The large grains played a positive role in determining both grain yield (by compensating for the low GNO) and grain protein percentage, as their high grain filling rate was associated with a high N accumulation rate, and hence with a high grain N content and protein percentage.

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Effects of Waterlogging, High Temperature and Their Interaction after Anthesis on Grain Protein Components and Flour Color in Wheat

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2014.01102 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan-Fei ZHANG ◽

Chen-Yang WANG ◽

Dong-Yun MA ◽

Hong-Fang LU ◽

Yun-Ji ZHU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Protein Components ◽

Flour Color

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Variation in harvest index of modern spring barley, oat and wheat cultivars adapted to northern growing conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859607007368 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 146 (1) ◽

pp. 35-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽

S. MUURINEN ◽

A. RAJALA ◽

L. JAUHIAINEN

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Principal Component ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Cereal Species ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Cereal Cultivars

SUMMARYIncreased harvest index (HI) has been one of the principal factors contributing to genetic yield improvements in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Although high HI demonstrates high-yielding ability when cultivars are compared, it can also indicate challenges to yield formation when comparisons are made across differing growing conditions. The present study was designed to investigate variation in HI among modern cereal cultivars relative to that brought about by a northern environment, to assess whether HI still explains the majority of the differences in grain yield when only modern cereal cultivars are compared, and to monitor key traits contributing to HI. Stability of HI was also investigated with reference to the role of tillers. Twelve experiments (3 years, two locations, two nitrogen fertilizer regimes) were carried out in southern Finland to evaluate 12 two-row spring barley, 10 six-row barley, 10 oat and 11 wheat cultivars. In addition to HI, days to heading and maturity, length of grain filling period, grain yield, test weight and 13 traits characterizing plant stand structure were measured and analysed with principal component analysis (PCA) to detect traits associated with HI and those contributing to stability of HI. Although only modern cereals were studied, differences among cultivars were significant both in mean HI and stability of HI, and HI was associated with short plant stature in all modern cereal species. Also, single grain weight was associated with HI in all species. Differences between, but not within, species in HI were partly attributable to differences in tiller performance. Grain yield was associated closely with HI except in two-row barley. It may be possible to further increase HI of wheat, as it still was relatively low. High HI did, however, not indicate the degree of success in yield determination when environments are compared.

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Grain filling parameters in high-yielding ns wheat cultivars

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0814053b ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Milka Brdar ◽

Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽

Borislav Kobiljski

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Nonlinear Regression ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Cultivar Differences ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Estimated Parameters ◽

Grain Filling Duration

Grain yield of wheat is dependent on grain weight, which is the result of grain filling duration and rate. The study was undertaken to examine the relation between grain weight and rate and duration of grain filling in five high-yielding NS wheat cultivars. Stepwise multivariate analysis of nonlinear regression estimated grain filling parameters was used to examine cultivar differences in grain filling. On the basis of three-year average, the highest grain dry weight had cultivar Renesansa, and the lightest grains were measured for cultivar Evropa 90. Stepwise multivariate analysis indicated that all three nonlinear regression estimated parameters (grain weight, rate and duration of grain filling) were equally important in characterizing the grain filling curves of the cultivars studied, although sequence of their significance varied in different years, which is probably caused by different environmental conditions in three years of experiment.

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Pyramiding of Genes for Grain Protein Content, Grain Quality and Rust Resistance in Eleven Indian Bread Wheat Cultivars: A Multi-Institutional Effort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-637558/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pushpendra K. Gupta ◽

Harindra S. Balyan ◽

Parveen Chhuneja ◽

Jai P. Jaiswal ◽

Shubhada Tamhankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Loaf Volume ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Glutenin Subunits ◽

Hmw Glutenin Subunits ◽

Hmw Glutenin

Abstract Improvement of grain protein content (GPC), loaf volume and resistance to rusts was achieved in 11 Indian wheat cultivars that are widely grown in four different agro-climatic zones of India. This involved use of marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) for introgression and pyramiding of the following genes: (i) the high GPC gene Gpc-B1; (ii) HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 loci, and (iii) rust resistance genes, Yr36, Yr15, Lr24 and Sr24. GPC was improved by 0.8–3.3%, although high GPC was generally associated with yield penalty. Further selection among high GPC lines, allowed development of progenies with higher GPC associated with improvement in 1000-grain weight and grain yield in the following four cultivars: NI5439, UP2338, UP2382 and HUW468. The high GPC progenies (derived from NI5439) were also improved for grain quality using HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 loci. Similarly, progenies combining high GPC and rust resistance were developed in the backgrounds of following five cultivars: Lok1, HD2967, PBW550, PBW621 and DBW1. The improved pre-bred lines developed during the present study should prove useful for development of cultivars with improved nutritional quality associated with rust resistance in future wheat breeding programmes.

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The Influence of Soil Acidity on the Physiological Responses of Two Bread Wheat Cultivars

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1472

Author(s):

Brigitta Tóth ◽

Csaba Juhász ◽

Maryke Labuschagne ◽

Makoena Joyce Moloi

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Protein Content ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Antioxidative Capacity ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Mda Content

The recent study was conducted to examine the influence of acidic soil on the activities of ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), proline, protein as well as malon-dialdehyde (MDA) content, in two commercial spring wheat cultivars (PAN3497 and SST806) at different growth stages (tillering and grain filling). A cultivar effect was significant only for MDA content, while the treatment effect was highly significant for proline, protein, and MDA. The sampling time effect was significant for most characteristics. MDA, antioxidative capacity, as well as protein content increased with maturity. At grain filling, MDA and proline contents were significantly higher at pH 5 than pH 6 and 7 for both cultivars, with the highest content in SST806. Similarly, SST806 had significantly higher APX and POD when growing at pH 5. There were no significant differences in protein content at grain filling between either genotype or treatments affected by low pH. This study showed that growth stage and soil pH influence the rate of lipid peroxidation as well as the antioxidative capacity of wheat, with a larger effect at grain filling, at pH 5. Although SST806 had higher proline, POD, and APX content than PAN3497 at this growth stage, this coincided with a very high MDA content. This shows that the high antioxidative capacity observed here, was not associated with a reduction of lipid peroxidation under low soil pH. Further research should, therefore, be done to establish the role of the induced antioxidant system in association with growth and yield in wheat.

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