scholarly journals Grain filling parameters in high-yielding ns wheat cultivars

2008 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Grain yield of wheat is dependent on grain weight, which is the result of grain filling duration and rate. The study was undertaken to examine the relation between grain weight and rate and duration of grain filling in five high-yielding NS wheat cultivars. Stepwise multivariate analysis of nonlinear regression estimated grain filling parameters was used to examine cultivar differences in grain filling. On the basis of three-year average, the highest grain dry weight had cultivar Renesansa, and the lightest grains were measured for cultivar Evropa 90. Stepwise multivariate analysis indicated that all three nonlinear regression estimated parameters (grain weight, rate and duration of grain filling) were equally important in characterizing the grain filling curves of the cultivars studied, although sequence of their significance varied in different years, which is probably caused by different environmental conditions in three years of experiment.

scholarly journals Grain filling parameters and yield components in wheat

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Marija Balalic-Kraljevic
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is influenced by number of grains per unit area and grain weight, which is result of grain filling duration and rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between grain filling parameters in 4 wheat genotypes of different earliness and yield components. Nonlinear regression estimated and observed parameters were analyzed. Rang of estimated parameters corresponds to rang of observed parameters. Stepwise MANOVA indicated that the final grain dry weight, rate and duration of grain filling were important parameters in differentiating among cultivars grain filling curves. The yield was positively correlated with number of grains/m2, grain weight and grain filling rate, and negatively correlated with grain filling duration. Correlation between grain weight and rate of grain filling was positive. Grain filling duration was negatively correlated with grain filling rate and number of grains/m2. The highest yield on three year average had medium late Mironovska 808, by the highest grain weight and grain filling rate and optimal number of grains/2 and grain filling duration.

Rate and duration of grain filling in five spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
A. L. Brûlé-Babel
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Logistic Equation ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Final grain dry weight, a component of yield in spring wheat, is determined by the rate and duration of grain filling. The objective of this study was to compare grain dry weight and rate and duration of grain filling amongst five spring wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) that differed in time to maturity. Glenlea, Katepwa, PT516, Roblin, and Wildcat were sown in replicated trials on four seeding dates in 1988 and 1989 at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Mean grain dry weight was measured at various intervals from anthesis to maturity. A logistic equation was used to characterize grain filling and estimate final grain dry weight, and the duration and maximum rate of grain filling. Stepwise multivariate analysis indicated that final grain dry weight was the most important variable characterizing the grain filling curves, followed by duration and then maximum rate of grain filling. The highest grain dry weights were produced by Glenlea (40.4 mg) and Wildcat (36.9 mg). Roblin (34.9 mg) was intermediate in grain dry weight while Katepwa (32.4 mg) and PT516 (30.3 mg) produced the smallest grains. Genotypes with the highest grain dry weights had shorter durations and higher maximum rates of grain filling. Key words:Triticum aestivum L., grain filling, duration, rate, phenological development, yield

The parameters of grain filling and yield components in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Marija Kraljević-Balalić ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

AbstractFinal grain dry weight, a component of yield in wheat, is dependent on the duration and the rate of grain filling. The purpose of the study was to compare the grain filling patterns between common wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), and durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and investigate relationships among grain filling parameters, yield components and the yield itself. The most important variables in differentiating among grain filling curves were final grain dry weight (W) for common wheat genotypes and grain filling rate (R) for durum wheat genotypes; however, in all cases the sets of variables important in differentiating among grain filling curves were extended to either two or all three parameters. Furthermore, in one out of three environmental conditions and for both groups of genotypes, the most important parameter in the set was grain filling duration (T). It indicates significant impact of environmental conditions on dry matter accumulation and the mutual effect of grain filling duration and its rate on the final grain dry weight. The medium early anthesis date could be associated with further grain weight and yield improvements in wheat. Grain filling of earlier genotypes occurs in more temperate environments, which provides enough time for gradual grain fill and avoids the extremes of temperature and the stress of dry conditions.

scholarly journals Variation of grain growth of wheat cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
SK Adhikary ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

An experiment was carried out to study the grain growth pattern of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and to find out association and linear regression of spike weight and grain weight with time. Spike characters indicated that cultivar differences were significant in all the cases with a few exceptions. Linear regression and correlation coefficients revealed that the association between both spike weight and grain weight with time were highly positively significant among the cultivars but their regression coefficients were non- significant. Key Words: Grain growth, correlation, regression, wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3960 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 351-359, September 2009

scholarly journals Estimating Organ Contribution to Grain Filling and Potential for Source Upregulation in Wheat Cultivars with a Contrasting Source–Sink Balance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Carolina Rivera-Amado ◽  
Gemma Molero ◽  
Eliseo Trujillo-Negrellos ◽  
Matthew Reynolds ◽  
John Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sink Limitation ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Source And Sink

Grain filling may be limited by the joint source and sink capacity in modern wheat cultivars, indicating a need to research the co-limitation of yield by both photosynthesis and the number and potential size of grains. The extent to which the post-anthesis source may be limiting final grain size can be estimated by partial degraining of spikes, while defoliation and shading treatments can be useful to estimate if any excess photosynthetic capacity exists. In the current study, degraining was applied to a set of 26 elite spring wheat cultivars from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)’s core germplasm (CIMCOG) panel, while lamina defoliation and shading through stem-and-leaf-sheath covering treatments were applied to a subset of the same cultivars. Responses to source treatments in grain weight, pre-anthesis reserve contribution to grain weight, dry-matter translocation efficiency, and flag-leaf and spike photosynthetic rate were measured and compared to an unmanipulated control treatment. Grain weight responses to degraining among cultivars ranged from no response to increases of 28%, suggesting a range of responses from sink limitation, to probable source and sink co-limitation of grain growth. Grain weight’s response to degraining increased linearly with the years of cultivar release from 1966 to 2009, indicating that the current highest yield potential CIMMYT spring wheats have a co-limitation of grain growth by source and sink. This may have been due to an increase in grain sink strength with years of cultivar release with no commensurate increase in post-anthesis source capacity. The relatively low decreases in grain weight with defoliation compared to decreases in light interception by defoliation indicated that sink limitation was still likely predominating in the cultivars with co-limitation. The stem-and-leaf-sheath covering treatment decreased grain weight by nearly 10%, indicating that stem-and-leafsheath photosynthesis plays a key role in grain growth during grain filling. In addition, pre-anthesis reserve contribution to grain weight was increased by ca. 50% in response to lamina defoliation. Our results showed that increasing the post-anthesis source capacity, through increases in stem-and-leaf-sheath photosynthetic rate during grain filling and pre-anthesis reserve contribution to grain weight, is an important objective in enhancing yield potential in wheat through maintaining a source–sink balance.

scholarly journals Changes in stem and spike related traits resulting from breeding in Iranian wheat cultivars: associations with grain yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
M. Joudi ◽  
A. Ahmadi ◽  
V. Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

This study investigated changes in stem and spike characteristics resulting from breeding in Iranian wheat cultivars, and their relationship with grain yield. Eighty-one wheat cultivars released between 1930 and 2006 were examined under well-watered (WW) and terminal drought stress (DS) conditions in Karaj during 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 and under WW condition at Parsabad in Moghan region during 2010–2011. A genetic improvement over time in stem specific weight (SSW) along with significant positive correlations between this trait and grain yield were found at Karaj under DS conditions and at Parsabad, suggesting that SSW could be used as an indirect selection criterion for yield in these environments. Time-dependent changes in spike dry weight showed that the magnitude of partitioned photoassimilates to the spike during the phase anthesis – 16 days after anthesis (16 DAA) was not changed by breeding. However, during the 16 DAA ‒ maturity phase, modern cultivars had more photoassimilates allocated to the spike than the old ones. This suggests that the sink is more limited during early grain growth than during the end of grain filling. 

Evaluation of cellular thermotolerance and associated heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under late sown condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chubasenla Aochen ◽  
Pravin Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Heat Susceptibility Index ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Fifty wheat genotypes were evaluated at the seedling stage of growth, for genetic variation in cellular thermotolerance by cell membrane thermostability (CMS) and Triphenyl tetrazolium choride (TTC) assays. A subset of eight genotypes was also evaluated at the anthesis stage using the same assays. Large and significant differences existed among wheat genotypes for TTC and CMS at the seedling and anthesis stages. Average thermotolerance declined from seedling to anthesis stage. Thermotolerance was well-correlated between growth stages among the eight genotypes for both CMS (r=0.95; p= 0.01) and TTC (r=0.92; p= 0.01). The correlation between TTC and CMS among the eight genotypes at seedling and anthesis stages was significant (r=0.95; p=0.01 and r =0.93; p= 0.01, respectively). The effect of heat stress on wheat genotypes selected on the basis of TTC and CMS thermotolerance ratings were evaluated. 1000-grain weight, grain filling duration (GFD) and grain filling rate (GFR) reduced under heat stress. The heat susceptibility index (S) revealed K-65 and Yangmai6 to be susceptible and NW-1014 and DBW-14 to be moderately tolerant to heat stress. GFR and 1000-grain weight were found to have highly significant positive correlation with CMS and TTC ratings at both seedling and anthesis stages.

Cultivar effects on relationship between grain number and photothermal quotient or spike dry weight in wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LÁZARO ◽  
P. E. ABBATE
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Incident Solar Radiation ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation

SUMMARYIn wheat, the photothermal quotient (Q, the ratio between mean incident solar radiation and mean temperature is greater than 4·5°C in the 30 days preceding anthesis), is a good estimator of grain number/m2 (GN) and of yield. Previous investigations have not analysed in depth whether the responses of GN to Q differ between wheat cultivars, or what is the cause of the eventual variation. In the present work, the results of field experiments carried out between 1994 and 2001 in various locations were used to test the following hypotheses: (i) the responses of GN to Q differ between wheat cultivars; (ii) these differences are caused by differences in the spike fertility index (GN/g spike dry weight/m2 at the beginning of grain filling (SDW)). The responses of GN to Q were compared for five wheat cultivars (four bread wheats and one durum wheat) and it was found that with Q values above 0·3 MJ/m2/d°C, all responses of GN to Q were linear, positive and parallel. A method was then proposed to obtain cultivar-specific GN from a common relationship between GN and Q. This method would facilitate GN estimation in crops with changes in sowing dates, sites or years, starting from data of potential GN and yield that is relatively easy to obtain. Differences among cultivars in response to Q were due to differences in GN response at SDW. Similar SDW values produced different GN, depending on the spike fertility index of each cultivar. The cultivars did not differ in their responses of SDW to Q. The association between spike fertility index and SDW was strongly negative in bread wheat. At lower levels of Q or SDW, the spike fertility index increased in all cultivars, at least when changes in SDW or Q were caused mainly by intercepted solar radiation, but the present results demonstrate that differences between cultivars also exist in this relationship.

scholarly journals Yield and Biochemical Attributes of Brri Dhan-44 (Oryza Sativa L.) as Affected by Tiba Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
AMM Golam Adam ◽  
Rasedul Islam ◽  
Hasna Hena Begum
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Plant Length

A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm) of TIBA on yield and biochemical attributes of BRRI dhan-44. Results revealed that number of effective tillers and dry weight of panicle per plant, length of panicle, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, yield per plant and harvest index increased due to all concentrations of TIBA treatments where, treatments mean varied significantly in majority of cases. The stimulatory effect of TIBA treatments on number of effective tillers and dry weight of panicles per plant, length of panicle, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight resulted significant increase in grain yield per plant. The maximum yield per plant (17.83 g) was obtained from 10 ppm TIBA treatment which was 59.76 % higher over the control. Increases in yield per plant due to 25, 50 and 100 ppm TIBA were 50.53, 47.58 and 28.49%, respectively. Findings of this investigation showed that foliar application of TIBA had beneficial effect on pigment content of leaves at tillering and grain filling stages with a few exceptions. Protein content of leaves was also positively influenced by most of the treatment at tillering stage. Out of five treatments, 10 ppm TIBA produced better results. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(2): 117-125, December 2018

scholarly journals Genotypic variations for photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during early development of endosperm in wheat: Association with grain weight

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Joudi
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Days After Anthesis

There is little information on genotype variations for photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during early development of endosperm in wheat. Eighty-one wheat cultivars were examined in the Moghan region of Iran during 2010-2011 and 2013-2014 growing seasons. The amount and rate of photoassimilates partitioning to the grains were measured in the tested cultivars during anthesis-16 days after anthesis (DAA) and 16 DAA-maturity phases using time dependent changes in spike dry weight. There were substantial genetic variations in the amount and rate of partitioned photoassimilates to the grains during anthesis-16 DAA and 16 DAA-maturity phases. Part of these variations could be attributed to cultivars differences in anthesis time, spike dry weight at anthesis, and grain number per spike. Taking them into accounts, there were some cultivars but they differed in partitioned photoassimilates toward grains during anthesis-16 DAA and 16 DAA-maturity phases, further supporting the idea that breeding for photoassimilates partitioning during these phases was a possibility. The results yielded for 2013-2014 showed that there is close association between photoassimilates partitioning to the grain during anthesis-16 DAA and individual grain weight. The results suggest that in case wheat breeders could improve photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during anthesis-16 DAA, it would result in increased grain size and weight in the wheat.

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