Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm: A Pancreatic Enigma

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaher I. Chakhachiro ◽  
Ghazi Zaatari
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a relatively uncommon tumor. It typically affects young women, has nonspecific clinical and radiologic manifestations, and can be readily diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and histopathologic evaluation. Histologic features characteristically show loosely cohesive, relatively uniform polygonal cells surrounding delicate capillary-sized blood vessels. Other features include cytoplasmic vacuolization, finely stippled chromatin, nuclear grooving, eosinophilic hyaline globules, and degenerative changes. Almost all solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms harbor mutations in the β-catenin gene. They stain with β-catenin, CD10, and focally with neuroendocrine markers. Although previously considered benign, this tumor is currently considered a low-grade malignant epithelial neoplasm with low metastatic rate and high overall survival. Most patients are cured by complete surgical excision. Despite the characterization of the morphologic and molecular features of this enigmatic neoplasm, more work is needed to uncover its cell of origin and true histogenesis.

scholarly journals Retroperitoneal pelvic schwannoma in pregnancy: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithya J. ◽  
Banumathy M. ◽  
Radha A.
Keyword(s):  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Spindle Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
In Pregnancy

Solitary nerve sheath tumor such as Benign schwannomas arising in the pelvic retro peritoneum is infrequently reported. Retroperitoneal location accounts for 0.3-3.2% of primary schwannomas. We report a case of benign retroperitoneal pelvic schwannoma in pregnancy that was incidentally diagnosed when it presented with Preterm premature rupture of membranes and mechanical obstruction for labour. She underwent caesarean section and delivered a healthy baby. She was evaluated in the postoperative period by computerized tomography (CT) imaging studies and CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was not diagnostic. Complete surgical excision of the tumor was achieved in the postpartum period. The adjacent vascular and urinary channels sustained no injuries and she had no neurologic deficit. Histology revealed spindle cell neoplasm composed of interlacing fascicles and sheets of spindle cell with focal areas of nuclear palisading and thick walled blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry was positive for S 100 suggesting schwannoma. Retroperitoneal location of schwannomas is rare and surgery is curative. Prognosis is good, since recurrence is rare. 

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the oral tongue: malignant transformation from a mucinous cystadenoma?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e235932
Author(s):  
Sofia Dutra ◽  
Miguel Rito ◽  
Miguel Vilares ◽  
Alexandra Borges
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Mucinous Cystadenoma ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Oral Tongue ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands is an extremely rare entity that has only recently been described, with a few published cases in the English literature. A 42-year-old woman with a history of a surgically excised mucinous cystadenoma of the oral tongue, presented with a painful swelling in the oral tongue slowly growing for 1 month. On clinical examination, there was a firm, relatively well-circumscribed mass in the left posterior border of the mobile tongue. Subsequent MRI scan revealed a heterogeneous lesion composed of multiple cysts separated by contrast enhancing septa, in the posterior two-thirds of the left tongue. Imaging findings were similar to those of the previously resected mass, suggesting local relapse of the primary lesion. A complete surgical excision was performed and the histopathological examination revealed typical features of a low-grade mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm: Key Pathologic and Genetic Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano La Rosa ◽  
Massimo Bongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms

Context.— Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a low-grade malignant tumor generally associated with a good prognosis. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms show peculiar morphologic features, but sometimes the differential diagnosis with other pancreatic neoplasms (ie, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) can be a challenging task, especially in cytologic or biopsy specimens. In these cases immunohistochemistry is a useful tool, but the diagnostic utility of several proposed immunohistochemical markers is questionable. In recent years, despite several attempts to characterize the pathogenetic, molecular, and prognostic features of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, they still remain unclear. Objective.— To give the reader a comprehensive update on this entity. Data Sources.— The PubMed database (US National Library of Medicine) was searched using the following string: pseudopapillary tumor [AND/OR] neoplasm [AND/OR] pancreas. All articles written in English were included. In addition, because a heterogeneous terminology has been used in the past to define solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, the reference lists of each paper selected in the PubMed database were also reviewed. Conclusions.— This review gives a comprehensive update on the pathologic, clinical, and molecular features of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, particularly addressing issues and challenges related to diagnosis. In addition, we have tried to correlate the molecular alterations with the morphologic and clinical features.

scholarly journals Unique Molecular Features in High-Risk Histology Endometrial Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Pandita ◽  
Xiyin Wang ◽  
Devin E. Jones ◽  
Kaitlyn Collins ◽  
Shannon M. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Impact

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States and the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide. Fortunately, most women who develop endometrial cancer have low-grade early-stage endometrioid carcinomas, and simple hysterectomy is curative. Unfortunately, 15% of women with endometrial cancer will develop high-risk histologic tumors including uterine carcinosarcoma or high-grade endometrioid, clear cell, or serous carcinomas. These high-risk histologic tumors account for more than 50% of deaths from this disease. In this review, we will highlight the biologic differences between low- and high-risk carcinomas with a focus on the cell of origin, early precursor lesions including atrophic and proliferative endometrium, and the potential role of stem cells. We will discuss treatment, including standard of care therapy, hormonal therapy, and precision medicine-based or targeted molecular therapies. We will also discuss the impact and need for model systems. The molecular underpinnings behind this high death to incidence ratio are important to understand and improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Review of Salivary Gland Neoplasms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Shing Howe To ◽  
Jimmy Yu Wai Chan ◽  
Raymond K. Y. Tsang ◽  
William I. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumours ◽  
Mri Scans

Salivary gland tumours most often present as painless enlarging masses. Most are located in the parotid glands and most are benign. The principal hurdle in their management lies in the difficulty in distinguishing benign from malignant tumours. Investigations such as fine needle aspiration cytology and MRI scans provide some useful information, but most cases will require surgical excision as a means of coming to a definitive diagnosis. Benign tumours and early low-grade malignancies can be adequately treated with surgery alone, while more advanced and high-grade tumours with regional lymph node metastasis will require postoperative radiotherapy. The role of chemotherapy remains largely palliative. This paper highlights some of the more important aspects in the management of salivary gland tumours.

Gliomas of the optic nerve or chiasm

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellsworth C. Alvord ◽  
Steven Lofton
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A review of the literature revealed 623 cases of optic gliomas with sufficient information to permit actuarial (life-table) analysis concerning the prognosis of this disease by the patients' age, tumor site, treatment, and presence of concomitant neurofibromatosis or extension into the hypothalamus or ventricle. All of these factors are important. The development of mathematical models led to the conclusion that these tumors, generally regarded histologically as low-grade astrocytomas, actually have a very wide but continuous range of growth rates. Some grow rapidly enough to be explained by simple exponential doubling at a constant rate, but most behave as though their growth decelerates. Decelerating growth rates make comparisons of various groups of patients difficult. No support is found for the classical hypothesis that some may be hamartomas. Inadequately treated gliomas of the optic nerve or chiasm bear about the same poor prognosis. However, tumors of the optic nerve (intracranial as well as intraorbital) have an excellent prognosis following complete surgical excision and only a slightly poorer prognosis following irradiation. About 5% of optic nerve gliomas recur in the chiasm following “complete” intraorbital excision. Patients with neurofibromatosis have about twice the recurrence rate following complete excision of an intraorbital glioma. Optic chiasmal gliomas appear to respond to irradiation with doses above 4500 rads. Patients with neurofibromatosis have about the same prognosis as patients without neurofibromatosis following irradiation of a chiasmal glioma.

scholarly journals Investigation of Salivary Gland Pathology

2017 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
M. Zulfath Nihara ◽  
K. Udhaya Chandrika ◽  
R. Vijaya Sundari ◽  
Tan Shi Yi ◽  
Maya Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumours ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Salivary Gland Pathology

Salivary gland pathology is diverse in nature and mainly inflammatory or neoplastic. Salivary gland tumours present as painless enlarging masses. Most of the tumours are located in parotid glands and many of them are benign. The management of these tumours is difficult just like the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumours. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans provide some useful information in diagnosis, but most of the tumours will require surgical excision as a means of coming to a definitive diagnosis. Surgical approach is adequate for benign tumours and early low grade malignancies whereas post operative radiotherapy is needed for more advanced and high grade tumours with regional lymph node metastasis. The role of chemotherapy remains largely palliative. This article throws light on some of the more important aspects in the investigations of salivary gland pathologies.

scholarly journals Cervical root schwannoma: a case series

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Harshad Nikte ◽  
Nitish Virmani ◽  
Jyoti Dabholkar
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Malignant Degeneration ◽  
Spinal Root ◽  
Nerve Tumor ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Cervical Root

Cervical root schwannoma is an infrequent benign peripheral nerve tumor though those arising from high cervical spinal root are common amongst the spinal schwannomas. This mass commonly presents as a slow growing, asymptomatic, solitary neck mass with rare potential of   malignant degeneration. Displacement of Internal jugular vein and carotids anteriorly is frequently seen though abutment of esophagus is uncommon. Pre operative diagnosis can be established with imaging and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Complete Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Horner’s syndrome is the most common post operative neurological manifestation. Here we have recorded clinical features intra-operative findings and surgical histopathology. We have described a case of 19 year old male with cellular schwannoma of cervical sympathetic chain with intraspinal extension and arising from C5-C8 level. Another case of cervical root schwannoma is described in a 5 year old girl arising at C4-C5 level. Complete surgical excision was done for both patients with no postoperative neurological affection. The clinico-pathological evaluation and management are described

scholarly journals Giant lipoma of breast-a diagnostic dilemma

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
D. J. Balsarkar ◽  
Sachin A. Suryawanshi ◽  
Muna Shaikh ◽  
Sudhir Dhobale
Keyword(s):  
Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Common Benign Tumor ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Giant Lipoma

Lipoma is the most common benign tumor of adipose tissue. Giant lipoma of breast is very rare.Majority of them are small in size, slow growing and asymptomatic until they reach large size. Most patients seek medical advice due to asymmetry in the breast and due to fear of malignancy. Breast lipomas pose a diagnostic challenge due to similarity of their texture to normal breast parenchyma and make it difficult to distinguish from other common breast lesions. The clinical and radiographic identification of breast lipoma remains challenging. Complete surgical excision with the capsule is essential to prevent recurrence. Breast reconstruction may require, to prevent asymmetry following surgical excision of giant breast lipoma. High degree of clinical suspicion and histolopathological correlation will help in preopertaive diagnosis of this clinical condition. Here, we report a case 50- year -old woman with left breast lump which clinically, radiologically and on fine needle aspiration cytology was diagnosed as phyllodes tumor, but after surgical excision it was reported as breast lipoma on final histopathology.

Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badr AbdullGaffar
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Palpable Mass ◽  
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Exact Etiology ◽  
Hormonal Stimulus

Abstract Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a relatively common lesion of the breast. In general, it is less commonly found as a clinically palpable mass and is more commonly found as incidental microscopic foci. It is a benign proliferative, probably neoplastic, hormonally driven process of the mammary stromal myofibroblasts. The clinical, radiologic, and cytologic findings can resemble those of fibroadenoma. Histologically, it can be confused with low-grade angiosarcoma. The exact etiology of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is still controversial, but a neoplastic process of the stromal myofibroblasts, with a hormonal stimulus in its development and progression, is the favored theory. Most lesions can be cured by complete surgical excision, and patients undergoing the excision have a good prognosis.

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