scholarly journals Challenges in Pathology Specimen Processing in the New Era of Precision Medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama William Tawfik ◽  
Janakiraman Subramanian ◽  
Samuel Caughron ◽  
Pradip Mana ◽  
Eric Ewing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Medical Discipline ◽  
Specimen Processing ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Pathology Specimen

Context.— Precision therapies for patients with driver mutations can offer deep and durable responses that correlate with diagnosis, metastasis prognosis, and improvement in survival. Such targeted therapies will continue to increase, pushing us to change our traditional approaches. We needed to search for new tools to effectively integrate technological advancements into our practices because of their capability to improve the efficiency and accuracy of our diagnostic and treatment approaches. Perhaps nothing is as relevant as identifying and implementing new workflows for processing pathologic specimens and for improving communication of critical laboratory information to and from clinicians for appropriate care of patients in an efficient and timely manner. Objectives.— To define the gold standard in delivering the best care for patients, to identify gaps in the process, and to identify potential solutions that would improve our process, including gaps related to knowledge, skills, attitudes, and practices. Design.— We assembled a team across disciplines to systematically perform a gap analysis study to clarify the discrepancy between the current reality in pathology specimen processing and the desired optimal situation to deliver the results intended for patient care. Results.— A practical collaborative workflow for specimen management seeking the cooperation of the stakeholders in each medical discipline to provide guidelines in specimen collection, delivery, processing, and reporting of results with the ultimate goal of improving patients' outcomes is provided. Conclusions.— New tools are required to effectively integrate data-driven approaches in specimen processing to meet the new demands.

scholarly journals Preanalytical Variables in Coagulation Testing: Setting the Stage for Accurate Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (05) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Gosselin ◽  
Richard A. Marlar
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Practice ◽  
Coagulation Assays ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Coagulation Testing ◽  
Specimen Processing ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Routine Coagulation

AbstractMany preanalytical variables may affect the results of routine coagulation assays. While advances in laboratory instrumentation have partially addressed the laboratory's ability to recognize some of these variables, there remains an increased reliance on laboratory personnel to recognize the three potential areas where coagulation testing preanalytical issues may arise: (1) specimen collection (including patient selection), (2) specimen transportation and stability, and (3) specimen processing and storage. The purpose of this article is to identify the preanalytical variables associated with coagulation-related testing and provide laboratory practice recommendations in an effort to improve the quality of coagulation testing and accuracy of result reporting.

scholarly journals Screening for anal neoplasia: anal cytology - sampling, processing and reporting

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Darragh ◽  
Barbara Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anal Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Specimen Processing ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
Epithelial Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Cytological Sample

Anorectal cytology (ARC) is increasingly accepted as a valid screening tool for the diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesions in populations at increased risk for anal cancer. As with cervical cancer screening protocols, proper patient preparation, specimen collection and specimen processing are essential for obtaining an optimal cytological sample. With attention and experience, the clinician can collect the best possible ARC specimen for laboratory evaluation. The incorporation of repeated interval anal cytology into standard surveillance practices for high-risk individuals is a valuable tool for the early detection of human papillomavirus-related anal squamous epithelial lesions and the prevention of anal squamous cell carcinomas.

scholarly journals Η ΕΝΝΟΙΑ TOΥ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟΥ ΧΡΟΝΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΕΜΦΥΛΙΟΥ ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ. ΖΗΤΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ

Μνήμων ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
ΜΙΧΑΛΗΣ Π. ΛΥΜΠΕΡΑΤΟΣ
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Dynamic ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
New Era ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

<p>Michalis P. Liberatos, Historical Time and the interpretations of the history of the Greek Civil War: the methodological problems</p><p>The idea of historical time is crucial from a methodological point of view as far as the study of political and social history are concerned. Especially about the history of the Greek Civil War, a period that convulsed public opinion and caused scientific interpretations overwhelmed by ideological and epistemological «burdens». The most important of them is the idea of a time constant, continual, without turnovers and breaks, that is time in the «common sense». This «time», according to its origins, self-determines its evolution, its «determination» explains all of the aspects and the historical stages and facts. This is the traditional assumption that change has always to be explained in terms of something fixed and unchangeable. As for the policy of the Greek Communist Party this notion of time provokes some historians to an explanation that associates this policy with the origins of its philosophical program and not with the «real history». This approach avoids to enquiry into the adaptation of this program to the demands of political relations in time, to counter policies and as a specification of social representations. It is mainly an unaltered policy that arises as the outcome of an assemblage of antecedent events that compose a passage of identities. Because of this domination of this notion of the «continuity» of time, the study of Greek Civil War reproduced the ideological configurations of the past. Therefore it has degraded very important aspects of historical reality, without giving adequate answers about them. These are the question of the deepest tasks of KKE and its strategy, the causes of the unscheduled creation of Democratic Army (ΔΣΕ) in the mountains, the role of the rival political powers, the extent of the possibilities of a negotiation, the relation between Greeks and the Great Powers. As the recent historical enquiries has showed —the edition of a book of Ph. Iliou signalled a new era in the interpretation of this period— a different methodological attitude is perhaps primarily useful on account of the errors it enables one to avoid, in particular in constructing the historical object. This article presents the implication between the dominant notion of «time», the difficulties in explanations and with the ability to overcome the epistemological «burdens» if is to be called into question the idea of historical time. This is important in order to break away from some presuppositions that are tacitly accepted by some historians. This new notion of time sweeps away the naively idealistic view of continuity, that traditional approaches have raised. Because it is history and the internal dynamic which carries evolution and not the historical unchanged «purposes».</p>

The Old Approach

2014 ◽  
pp. 42-69 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
New Era ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Women In It ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Programs ◽  
Sheer Size ◽  
Traditional Approaches

For decades, governments, associations, and individuals have enthusiastically jumped to “solve the women in IT issue” with a variety of intervention programs aimed at increasing recruitment and retention of women in IT. But beyond a few individual career choices and anecdotal “feel good” results on the day, these traditional programs have failed utterly. An estimate of the cumulative effort and spending on these programs demonstrates the sheer size of the exercise and underlines the depth of the failure. We do not need more of the same, but rather, we need to work out why we have failed. New informal research is presented in this chapter on the key influences on women choosing IT careers, delivering a key result that women in IT have always known they liked technology or they discovered (by an accident of their job) they liked IT. Interventions have had minimal effect but the importance of adapting to the Social Era for future interventions is recognised. The conclusion is that there is little value in the traditional approaches and further massive spending is unwarranted. Rather, we need to recognise that the primary driving issue is individual interests and talents, whilst the remaining barriers are best overcome by embracing the new era and using the disruptive technologies, platforms, and tools of #SocialIT.

scholarly journals New Era of Muslim Women in Malay World: The Contested Women's Advancement in Decision Making Bodies

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Erni Haryanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
High Status ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The Impact

Malay world has been experiencing the conflicting and converging international influences of globalization and rapid Islamisation in many significant aspects of the countries. One of the issues is that the impact of the agenda of advancement of women‟s life to achieve gender equality promoted by international agencies. Among other women‟s improvement agenda is that woman in decision making bodies. On the other hand, the growing visible Islamic movement (and/or Islamic fundamentalism - Islamism) which may significantly grow among Malay societies would unavoidably create different ideas, attitudes and practices compared to other Muslim world. This paper explores myriad aspects of women‟s empowerment transforming into decision making bodies in the nuances of an affirmative action a recommendation of series of international conference on women. Through finding similarities and differences between the two Muslim majority countries, the support toward Muslim women‟s empowerment in decision making bodies is formally acknowledged in state regulations. Although women of Southeast Asian region are culturally recognized to have a high status and well engagement with public sphere, in the implementation of women representing themselves in political sphere has a little difference. In term of discourses Indonesia has much flourished ideas and closer to the ideas of international agenda than that of Malaysia. In the overall Malay world would gradually show its openness, tolerance and positive adaptation as a part of world society, although it cannot avoidably be departed from international agenda of both carrying Islamic and non-Islamic values.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and management of craniopharyngiomas in the era of genomics and targeted therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. E2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Martinez-Gutierrez ◽  
Megan R. D'Andrea ◽  
Daniel P. Cahill ◽  
Sandro Santagata ◽  
Fred G. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trial ◽  
Intracranial Neoplasms ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mek Inhibition ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngiomas are rare intracranial neoplasms that pose clinical challenges due to their location adjacent to vital structures. The authors have previously shown high mutation rates of BRAF V600E in papillary craniopharyngioma and of CTNNB1 in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. These activating driver mutations are potential therapeutic targets, and the authors have recently reported a significant response to BRAF/MEK inhibition in a patient with multiply recurrent PCP. As these targetable mutations warrant prospective research, the authors will be conducting a national National Cancer Institute–sponsored multicenter clinical trial to investigate BRAF/MEK inhibition in the treatment of craniopharyngioma. In this new era of genomic discovery, the treatment paradigm of craniopharyngioma is likely to change.

scholarly journals Best Practice Pathology Collection in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Victoria Pilbeam ◽  
Lee Ridoutt ◽  
Tony Badrick
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Pathology Specimen ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Sciences

Objectives: The specific objectives of the study were to (a) identify current best practice in pathology specimen collection and assess the extent to which Australian pathology services currently satisfy best practice standards; and (b) identify training and other strategies that would mitigate any gaps between current and best practice. Methods: A total of 22 case studies were undertaken with pathology collector employers from public, not for profit and private pathology organisations andacross urban and rural locations and eight focus groups with pathology collection services consumers were conducted in December 2012 in four different cities. Results: The preferred minimum qualification of the majority of case study employers for pathology collectors is the nationally recognised Certificate III in Pathology. This qualification maps well to an accepted international best practice guideline for pathology collection competency standards but has some noted deficiencies identified which need to be rectified. These particularly include competencies related to communicating with consumers. The preferred way of training for this qualification is largely through structured and supervised on the job learning experiences supported by theoretical classroom instruction delivered in-house or in off the job settings. The study found a need to ensure a greater proportion of the pathology collection workforce is appropriately qualified. Conclusion: The most effective pathway to best practice pathology collection requires strong policies that define how pathology samples are to be collected, stored and transported and a pathology collection workforce that is competent and presents to consumers with a credible qualification and in a professional manner. Abbreviations: CHF – Consumer Health Forum of Australia; KIMMS – Key Incident Monitoring and Management Systems; NAACLS – National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences; NACCHO – National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation; NPAAC – National Pathology Accreditation Advisory Council; RCPA – Royal College of Pathology Australasia; RTO – Registered Training Organisation.

scholarly journals Refreshing China’s Labor Education in the New Era: Policy Review on Education Through Physical Labor

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Guorui Fan ◽  
Jiaxin Zou
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
New Era ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Policy Review ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Education In China ◽  
Home And School

Purpose: This study reviews China’s labor education theories and policies to reveal the main objectives, contents, and methods of the new era, as well as analyzes future development in labor education. Design/Approach/Methods: In addition to reviewing the relevant labor education theories, this study examines China’s labor education policies using historical documents and current policy texts. Marxist and traditional approaches to labor education, as well as the historical development of education in China, provide the macroscopic backdrop of this study’s analysis of the persistence and innovativeness of China’s labor education policies. Findings: China’s labor education policy has placed labor education on the same level as that in morality, intellect, sports, and aesthetics, thereby endowing labor education with new meaning. Labor education seeks to cultivate workers with all-round physical and mental development. Becoming more varied over time, labor education now involves the cultivation of skills, technological capacities, creative thinking, labor habits, and emotional development. Approaches and methods include formal programs and teaching, education in daily life at home and school, as well as practical activities outside of school. Originality/Value: This study identifies the meaning of labor education in different eras and analyzes the objectives, contents, and methods of China’s current policies on labor education, as well as its future developmental trends. In doing so, this study provides a useful reference for the implementation of labor education in elementary and middle schools.

Unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes using the new stereological tools: the disector, the fractionator, the selector, and the nucleator — or just point-sampled intercepts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
H.J.G. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Parallel Plane ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
New Era ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Distinct Property ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Previously, all stereological estimation of particle number and sizes were based on models and notoriously gave biased results, were very inefficient to use and difficult to justify. For all references to old methods and a direct comparison with unbiased methods see recent reviews.The publication in 1984 of the DISECTOR, the first unbiased stereological probe for sampling and counting 3—D objects irrespective of their size and shape, signalled the new era in stereology — and give rise to a number of remarkably simple and efficient techniques based on its distinct property: It is the only known way to obtain an unbiased sample of 3-D objects (cells, organelles, etc). The principle is simple: within a 2-D unbiased frame count or sample only cells which are not hit by a parallel plane at a known, small distance h.The area of the frame and h must be known, which might sometimes in itself be a problem, albeit usually a small one. A more severe problem may arise because these constants are known at the scale of the fixed, embedded and sectioned tissue which is often shrunken considerably.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

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