scholarly journals Emerging Use of Epidiolex (Cannabidiol) in Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renad Abu-Sawwa ◽  
Brielle Scutt ◽  
Yong Park
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dravet Syndrome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Epileptic Syndromes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Antiepileptic Medications

The first plant-derived, purified pharmaceutical-grade cannabidiol (CBD) medication, Epidiolex, was approved in the United States by the FDA on June 25, 2018. Its approval for patients ≥ 2 years of age with Dravet syndrome (DS) or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) markedly altered the treatment of medically refractory seizures in these disorders. This state-of-the-art review will discuss the history of CBD, its current pharmacology and toxicology, evidence supporting its use in a variety of epileptic syndromes, common side effects and adverse effects, and pharmacokinetically based drug-drug interactions. Owing to the importance in considering side effects, adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions in patients with medically refractory epilepsy syndromes, this review will take a deeper look into the nuances of the above within a clinical context, as compared to the other antiepileptic medications. Furthermore, despite the limited data regarding clinically significant drug-drug interactions, potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with CBD and other antiepileptics are theorized on the basis of their metabolic pathways. The article will further elucidate future research in terms of long-term efficacy, safety, and drug interactions that is critical to addressing unanswered questions relevant to clinical practice.

Fragments of the American Dream: Immigration, Race, and Medical Care in the Segregated South, 1929

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
John R Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sunflower County

The cover photograph for this issue of Public Voices was taken sometime in the summer of 1929 (probably June) somewhere in Sunflower County, Mississippi. Very probably the photo was taken in Indianola but, perhaps, it was Ruleville. It is one of three such photos, one of which does have the annotation on the reverse “Ruleville Midwives Club 1929.” The young woman wearing a tie in this and in one of the other photos was Ann Reid Brown, R.N., then a single woman having only arrived in the United States from Scotland a few years before, in 1923. Full disclosure: This commentary on the photo combines professional research interests in public administration and public policy with personal interests—family interests—for that young nurse later married and became the author’s mother. From the scholarly perspective, such photographs have been seen as “instrumental in establishing midwives’ credentials and cultural identity at a key transitional moment in the history of the midwife and of public health” (Keith, Brennan, & Reynolds 2012). There is also deep irony if we see these photographs as being a fragment of the American dream, of a recent immigrant’s hope for and success at achieving that dream; but that fragment of the vision is understood quite differently when we see that she began a hopeful career working with a Black population forcibly segregated by law under the incongruously named “separate but equal” legal doctrine. That doctrine, derived from the United States Supreme Court’s 1896 decision, Plessy v. Ferguson, would remain the foundation for legally enforced segregation throughout the South for another quarter century. The options open to the young, white, immigrant nurse were almost entirely closed off for the population with which she then worked. The remaining parts of this overview are meant to provide the following: (1) some biographical information on the nurse; (2) a description, in so far as we know it, of why she was in Mississippi; and (3) some indication of areas for future research on this and related topics.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis D. Stimeling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Country Music ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich

This chapter offers a historiographic survey of country music scholarship from the publication of Bill C. Malone’s “A History of Commercial Country Music in the United States, 1920–1964” (1965) to the leading publications of the today. Very little of substance has been written on country music recorded since the 1970s, especially when compared to the wealth of available literature on early country recording artists. Ethnographic studies of country music and country music culture are rare, and including ethnographic methods in country music studies offers new insights into the rich variety of ways in which people make, consume, and engage with country music as a genre. The chapter traces the influence of folklore studies, sociology, cultural studies, and musicology on the development of country music studies and proposes some directions for future research in the field.

The Interplay of Developing Morality and Gender Attitudes

2020 ◽  
pp. 724-745
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bigler ◽  
Lynn S. Liben
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Morality and gender are intersecting realms of human thought and behavior. Reasoning and action at their intersection (e.g., views of women’s rights legislation) carry important consequences for societies, communities, and individual lives. In this chapter, the authors argue that children’s developing views of morality and gender reciprocally shape one another in important and underexplored ways. The chapter begins with a brief history of psychological theory and research at the intersection of morality and gender and suggests reasons for the historical failure to view gender attitudes through moral lenses. The authors then describe reasons for expecting morality to play an important role in shaping children’s developing gender attitudes and, reciprocally, for gender attitudes to play an important role in shaping children’s developing moral values. The authors next illustrate the importance and relevance of these ideas by discussing two topics at the center of contentious debate in the United States concerning ethical policy and practice: treatment of gender nonconformity and gender-segregated schooling. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

Herbal Drug Interactions

2017 ◽  
pp. 201-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mymoona Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for preventive and therapeutic purposes has increased tremendously in the last two decades internationally. The manufacturers of these products are not required to submit proof of safety or efficacy to the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, the adverse effects and drug interactions associated with them are largely unknown. In this chapter, the author presents interactions of herbal medicines with other medicines (herbal or non-herbal). A large number of herbal drugs, including from single drug to a variety of mixtures have been used to treat kidney disorders. Herb-herb or herb drug interaction has been reported intensively during last decade, therefore it becomes important to keep an eye on the use of combination herbal therapy in order to avoid serious results because of interactions with each other. Due to the growing awareness about the interactions and side effects of herbal drugs/supplements over the past few years, regulatory bodies are working on these issues and pharmacopoeias are being developed for reference.

From Ink to Web and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather McKee Hurwitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Women Activists ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Media Activism ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
Feminist Movements

Mainstream media ignores the breadth and diversity of women’s activism and often features sexist, racist, and sexualized portrayals of women. Also, women hold disproportionately fewer jobs in media industries than men. Despite these challenges, women activists protest gender inequality and advocate a variety of other goals using traditional and new social media. This chapter examines the history of women’s media activism in the United States from women activists’ use of mainstream and alternative newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, to how activists adopted Internet technologies and new digital media strategies starting in the 1990s, to how contemporary feminists protest with Facebook and hashtag activism today. I argue that women activists’ use of new social media may necessitate significant shifts in how we research continuity and diversity in women’s and feminist movements, and how we conceptualize resources, micromobilization, and leadership in social movements broadly. I conclude with several suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals An Overview of Systematic Reviews: Complementary Therapies for Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541989002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Min Lee ◽  
Ho Cheol Choi ◽  
Min Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Type

Introduction: This article critically examines the systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of complementary therapies for cancer patients to appraise the evidence level, and offers suggestions for future research and practice. Methods: The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE were searched from their inception to January 2018, to identify SR and MA of complementary therapies available for cancer patients. Final selected SR and MA were methodologically evaluated for their quality by applying the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) instrument. Data extraction and risk of quality assessments were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Results: A total of 104 studies were included in the analysis. The majority of the individual clinical trials included in the SR and MA were performed in China (48%) and the United States (26.9%). Breast cancer was the most studied cancer type (25%), and acupuncture was the most studied intervention (21%). Side effects of cancer such as pain, depression, and fatigue were effectively managed with complementary therapies. The methodologically problematic items included not listing the excluded studies and lack of protocol or protocol registration. Conclusions: With increasing interest in research, complementary therapies appear to be beneficial in reducing side effects and raising the quality of life of cancer patients. Complementary therapies have generally been studied for all cancers, with acupuncture being the most researched, regardless of the cancer type. Since AMSTAR2 is a stricter assessment tool than before, future studies need to consider the risk of methodological bias with caution and discuss appropriate overall quality assessment tools.

New Drug Review-Ezogabine (Potiga): Seizing the seizure

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
Misty L. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Clinical Trial Evidence ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Trial Evidence ◽  
Drug Review

Ezogabine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June of 2011. This article reviews clinically significant aspects of this new drug including: the FDA-approved indications, mechanism of action, administration, drug interactions, adverse effects, clinical trial evidence, innovative properties and place in therapy.

What does the general population think about chemotherapy shortages?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6530-6530
Author(s):  
Zachary Ak Frosch ◽  
Angel M. Cronin ◽  
Gagne J. Joshua ◽  
Maxwell P. Teschke ◽  
Stacy W. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
General Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sources Of Health Information ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Substitute Drug ◽  
History Of Cancer

6530 Background: Chemotherapy shortages have been increasingly recognized, and most oncologists report their patients have been at least intermittently affected. Despite their potential impact, little is known about the perspectives of the general population regarding shortages. Methods: In October 2016, we conducted a survey using the GfK KnowledgePanel, an online probability-based sample representative of adults in the United States. We assessed awareness of shortages, and provided vignettes in which a substitute chemotherapy drug had either a major or minor difference in side effects or effectiveness. We asked respondents whether they would want to be informed of a substitution, and, if the original drug were available elsewhere, would transfer care to receive it. We also asked if cancer centers were to publish drugs in shortage at their center, if such data would affect decisions about where to seek care. Analyses applied post-stratification sampling weights to draw national inferences. Results: Of 737 potential participants, 420 (57%) responded; 16% had heard of chemotherapy shortages. Respondents with a personal history of cancer were more likely to have heard of shortages (31% vs 14%, p = 0.03), as were those with greater education (p = 0.01) and those who reported more sources of health information (p = 0.01). Most desired to be informed about a chemotherapy substitution in the setting of both major (87%) and minor (83%) differences in side effects, as well as both major (87%) and minor (82%) differences in effectiveness. In contrast, only 61% reported they would transfer care if a substitute drug had major differences in side effects, and even fewer (40%) for minor differences. Similarly, 72% and 46% reported they would transfer care if a substitute had major or minor differences in effectiveness respectively. Finally, 57% reported that publically-reported shortage data would be a “big factor” in deciding where to be treated. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the general population is largely unaware of chemotherapy shortages. Moreover, in the setting of even minor changes in effectiveness or side effects, respondents wanted to be made aware of substitutions. With major differences, many would seek care elsewhere.

Trans Pornography

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Pezzutto ◽  
Lynn Comella
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Transgender Studies ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industry Trends

Abstract This article introduces the field of trans pornography studies and makes a case for why studying it matters. We locate trans pornography within the broader field of porn studies, while also pointing to its importance to transgender studies. We map the history of trans pornography and examine the wider social, political, and economic forces contributing to the transformation of trans porn into a genre of mainstream straight porn. We discuss the economic organization of the trans porn industry and current industry trends, including geographical shifts in production and the rise of alternative production platforms. We address areas of future research and the need for more scholarship on the political economy of the trans porn industry, audiences and consumers, transmasculine representation in pornography, and research that focuses on trans porn production outside the United States.

Toward a History of Education Markets in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-73
Author(s):  
Nancy Beadie
Keyword(s):  
History Of Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
New Work ◽  
Early National ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Markets ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Structure Of Education

The recent shift away from the idea of centrally planned public systems and toward market-based models of schooling opens new territory for scholarship in the history of education. What is the history of education markets? How has the structure of education markets changed over time? This article addresses these questions by surveying existing literature, with an emphasis on the early national and antebellum periods. In the process it brings new perspectives to standard narratives of the history of education in the nineteenth century, particularly regarding the development of state-based educational systems. It then proposes areas for future research and concludes by introducing two examples of new work in this field.

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