Women and vernacular grammar

Author(s):  
Helena Sanson

With the opening up of literary society and the erosion of its hierarchy that came about during the course of the Cinquecento, vernacular grammars ceased to be works only for scholars and authors tried to extend their reach also to beginners, foreigners, and women. This chapter examines this process of relative popularization of grammar works and, at the same time, of the Questione. The first section outlines the shift in the envisaged readers of these works, with reference to social and political issues. The next two sections focus on women as addressees of grammatical works, both at the higher end of the social scale and more in general alongside the less learned, respectively. Continuing to follow the development of grammatical production in time, the last section investigates the reasons for the setback that the relationship between women and grammar suffered in the seventeenth century.

Author(s):  
Nicolas Langlitz

This chapter investigates how Christophe Boesch's colleague and codirector Michael Tomasello derived truth claims about the anthropological difference between Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes from controlled experiments comparing the social cognition of human children with that of grown chimpanzees. Tomasello's claim that humans were the only primates capable of culture and cooperation received an enthusiastic reception by German philosophers. Yet Boesch called into question the validity of Tomasello's findings by pointing out that the social behavior of both humans and apes was too contingent on local circumstances for Leipzig kindergarten children and zoo chimpanzees rescued from a Dutch pharmaceutical company to represent all of humanity and chimpanzeehood. He accused Tomasello of not controlling for the different conditions under which Tomasello tested humans and apes. The ensuing controversy over the relationship between laboratory work and fieldwork happened at a time when new statistical methods were opening up vast new possibilities for chimpanzee ethnography, even fostering hopes that experimentation with captive animals would become superfluous because uncontrolled observations in the wild would allow the establishment of causal relations. The chapter then assesses whether Boesch's cultural primatology could inform a different philosophical anthropology than the one drawing from Tomasello's comparative psychology.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Safutra Rantona ◽  
Asmaul Husna

Nineteen months have passed, but the action of the political religious social movements which born post religious sacrilege case on Elections Jakarta turned out to be far from over. The movement originally was a step of consolidation in order to evoke the political consciousness of Muslims, now began to be infiltrated by other groups with particular interests. These interest groups considered to sharpen the conflict and cause the political noise never ended across this country. This article try to expose how the social-political issues played massif and structured in virtual spaces by interest groups in order to form the force and gained the power of politics. And how the relationship between religion, state, and people are pitted in order that the collective identity look sharper. So no wonder that the people of Indonesia now seems to have split in two major axis, Religious versus Nationalist.Sembilan belas bulan telah berlalu, namun aksi dari gerakan sosial politik religius yang lahir pasca kasus penistaan agama pada Pilkada DKI Jakarta ternyata belumlah usai. Gerakan yang semula merupakan sebuah langkah konsolidasi guna membangkitkan kesadaran politik umat islam, kini mulai ditunggangi oleh kelompok lain dengan kepentingan tertentu. Kelompok kepentingan inilah yang ditengarai memperkeruh konflik dan menyebabkan kegaduhan politik tak kunjung usai di seantero negeri. Artikel ini mencoba memaparkan bagaimana isu-isu sosial politik kemudian dimainkan secara massif dan terstruktur dalam ruang-ruang virtual oleh kelompok kepentingan guna membentuk kekuatan politik dan demi meraih kekuasaan. Serta bagaimana relasi antara agama, rakyat, dan negara dibenturkan agar identitas kolektif terlihat lebih tajam. Maka tak heran jika kini rakyat Indonesia seolah telah terpropaganda dan terbelah dalam dua poros besar, Agamis dan Nasionalis.


2020 ◽  

Early Modern Écologies is the first collective volume to offer perspectives on the relationship between contemporary ecological thought and early modern French literature. If Descartes spoke of humans as being ‘masters and possessors of Nature’ in the seventeenth century, the writers taken up in this volume arguably demonstrated a more complex and urgent understanding of the human relationship to our shared planet. Opening up a rich archive of literary and non-literary texts produced by Montaigne and his contemporaries, this volume foregrounds not how ecocriticism renews our understanding of a literary corpus, but rather how that corpus causes us to re-think or to nuance contemporary eco-theory. The sparsely bilingual title (an acute accent on écologies) denotes the primary task at hand: to pluralize (i.e. de-Anglophone-ize) the Environmental Humanities. Featuring established and emerging scholars from Europe and the United States, Early Modern Écologies opens up new dialogues between ecotheorists such as Timothy Morton, Gilles Deleuze, and Bruno Latour and Montaigne, Ronsard, Du Bartas, and Olivier de Serres.


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Wiosna Szukała

Art that addresses socio-political issues is exposed to various hazards. Its creators can easily fall into a moralizing or propagandistic tone, being accused of impoverishing ideologization, on the one hand, or opportunistic populism, on the other. In the case of this type of work, the discussions on the importance of the social problem addressed relegate aesthetic issues to the background, turning them, according to the opinion of some, into second-rate works, which serve a greater cause but lack real artistic value. These dilemmas, as he himself affirmed on many occasions, lie at the heart of Sebastián Lelio’s cinematographic creation. In his films, the Chilean director seeks to overcome the difficulties that come with the desire to tell a socially relevant story in a non-biased way that is both unique and universal. The director’s last three works touch on “urgent” subjects. Gloria (2013), Una mujer fantástica (2017), Disobedience (2018) portray figures excluded or placed on the margins of hegemonic society. Lelio confronts the non-normativity of his characters with a whole series of mechanisms of social discipline. The aim of the article will be the analysis of the director's artistic project – the characterization of its aesthetic qualities and its political consequences. In this task we will rely on the conceptual apparatus constructed on the basis of ideas taken from Jacques Rancière’s theory, the essential reference for any approach to the relationship between aesthetics and politics.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hellerstedt

This article explores the problem of innate, natural talent vs acquired skill, knowledge, and virtue in dissertations from Uppsala University around 1680. These texts have never before been studied. It discusses questions such as: how did Swedish academics of the period conceive the relationship between ingenium (innate potential) and (acquired) virtue or knowledge? Which teaching methods did they advocate? How do the texts relate to developments in seventeenth century society? The study uses a combination of contextual analysis and a ‘history of concepts’ approach to answer these questions. The analysis reveals that the Swedish dissertations respond to contemporary debates (involving well-known authorities such as Vives, Huarte, Erasmus, and Comenius) and that they were affected by the immediate context: the growth of the early modern state and the social mobility which accompanied that growth. Education is described in Renaissance humanist terms, with a clear affinity to moral philosophical concepts such as virtue and habituation. The learning process described is analogous to the acquisition of moral virtue and education itself is to a large extent legitimated with reference to moral socialization. The educational ideas put forward balance discipline and playfulness, and represent a relatively democratic view of the distribution of human capabilities, showing a great trust in the potential of education. However, there is also a distinct stress on medical explanations of differences in individual talent.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Eliani ◽  
M. Salis Yuniardi ◽  
Alifah Nabilah Masturah

<p class="IABSTRAK"><strong>Abstract: </strong>Verbal aggressive behavior that often occurs in social media is usually triggered by fanaticism on certain objects. The purpose of this research is to look at the relationship of fanaticism with verbal aggressive behavior in social media conducted by fans-idol of K-pop. This research used correlational quantitative method. The subjects of this study are fans-idol of K-pop numbered 915 people. Data collected with fanaticism scale and verbal aggression in media social scale. The data retrieval is done by using google forms application which contains the research instrument, which is disseminated through the social media forum of fans-idol of K-pop. This study showed there was a positive relationship of fanaticism with verbal aggressive behavior in social media on fans-idol of K-pop (r = 0.626 and p = 0,000). Fans-idol of K-pop who have high fanaticism will have high verbal aggressive behavior, otherwise fans-idol of K-pop who have low fanaticism will have a low verbal aggressive behavior.</p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Perilaku agresif verbal yang sering terjadi di media sosial biasanya dipicu oleh fanatisme pada objek tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan fanatisme dengan perilaku agresif verbal di media sosial yang dilakukan oleh penggemar-idola K-pop. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif korelasional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah penggemar-idola <em>K-pop</em> berjumlah 915 orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan skala fanatisme dan agresi verbal dalam skala sosial media. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi formulir google (<em>google form</em>) yang berisi instrumen penelitian, yang disebarkan melalui forum media sosial penggemar-idola <em>K-pop</em>. Penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan positif fanatisme dengan perilaku agresif verbal di media sosial pada penggemar-idola <em>K-pop</em> (r = 0,626 dan p = 0,000). Fans-idola <em>K-pop</em> yang memiliki fanatisme tinggi akan memiliki perilaku agresif verbal yang tinggi, jika tidak penggemar-idola <em>K-pop</em> yang memiliki fanatisme rendah akan memiliki perilaku agresif verbal yang rendah.


2020 ◽  

These essays discuss approaches to early modern literature in central Europe, focusing on four pivotal areas: connections between humanism and the new scientific thought the relationship of late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century literature to ancient and Renaissance European traditions the social and political context of early modern writing and the poets' self-consciousness about their work. As a whole, the volume argues that early modern writing in central Europe should not be viewed solely as literature but as the textual product of specific social, political, educational, religious, and economic circumstances. The contributors are Judith P. Aikin, Barbara Becker-Cantarino, Thomas W. Best, Dieter Breuer, Barton W. Browning, Gerald Gillespie, Anthony Grafton, Gerhart Hoffmeister, Uwe-K. Ketelsen, Joseph Leighton, Ulrich Maché, Michael M. Metzger, James A. Parente, Jr., Richard Erich Schade, George C. Schoolfield, Peter Skrine, and Ferdinand van Ingen.


Author(s):  
Pedro Ruiz Pérez

RESUMENDesde la segunda mitad del XVII hasta mediados del siglo siguiente se extiende una línea poética que trabaja con elementos persistentes desde la primera fase del barroco, pero con una articulación y un significado en el que se perciben las huellas del cambio. Una de las líneas de esta estética bajobarroca representa un paso en la dirección adoptada después por la poética neoclásica e ilustrada, y puede concretarse en la reordenación de las relaciones entre sentimiento y razón. Este estudio toma como punto de partida el poemario anónimo Fragmentos del ocio (1668, reeditado en 1683), reconocido como de Juan Gaspar Enríquez de Cabrera, y, a partir de un análisis del empleo del término «razón» y su concepto, se apoya en las variantes de una diacronía que lo acerca al siglo XVIII para abordar una proyección de los rasgos observados en la caracterización de la poética bajobarroca. Se destacan como elementos distintivos un novedoso sentido de la inmanencia, la redefinición del lugar social de la poesía y de la posición de su autor y, finalmente, la tendencia a la poesía de circunstancias. Con ellas la sentimentalidad abandona su condición de componente definitorio de la lírica y abre paso a una racionalidad ligada a los nuevos modelos de sociabilidad e ideales expresivos.PALABRAS CLAVEEnríquez de Cabrera, Fragmentos del ocio, razón, bajo barroco, poética, campo literario. ABSTRACTSince the second half of the seventeenth century a poetic current is developed until the middle of the next century, working with persistent elements from the first phase of the Baroque, but with a joint and a meaning where the traces of change are perceived. One line of this bajobarroca aesthetic represents a step in the direction that the neoclassical and illustrated poetry take after, and it may be materialized in the reconstructing of the relationship between feeling and reason. This study takes as its starting point the anonymous book of poetry Fragmentos del ocio (1668, reprinted 1683), whose author was Juan Gaspar Enriquez de Cabrera. From an analysis of the use “reason” and its concept, the study is based in the variants in a diachrony that brings the work near the eighteenth century. So, it is possible to map out the features observed in the characterization of the low baroque poetic. They are outstanding categories a new sense of immanence, the redefinition of the social place of poetry and of position of the author, and, finally, the tendency to the poetry of circumstances. With them, the sentimentality leaves his condition of essential component of lyric and gives way to rationality linked to models  of sociability and expressive ideals.KEYWORDSEnríquez de Cabrera, Fragmentos del ocio, reason, low baroque, poetics, literary field


2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayra M. C. Lanuza-Navarro

Astrology, its legitimacy, and the limits of its acceptable practice were debated in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe. Many of the related arguments were mediated by the work of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and the responses to it. Acknowledging the complexities of the relationship between astrological ideas and Christian teachings, this paper focuses on the Catholic debates by specifically considering the decisions about astrology taken by the Spanish Inquisition. The trials of astrologers are examined with the aim of understanding the role of experts in astrology in early modern Spain. This study brings into view the specific nature of the debate on astrology in Spain, the consequences of the actions of the Inquisition and the social control it exerted. The historical events discussed comprise a particular case and also mirror the general debates about astrology taking place in early modern Europe. The experts’ opinions expressed in trials and in reports about the discipline received by the Inquisition reveal two key traits of the debate: the dispute about who had the authority to decide on the legitimacy of astrology and the disagreement about what constituted natural and judicial astrological practices. These led to different opinions about what was to be done with each defendant and about what content in their books ought to be forbidden.


2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 573-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Parfitt

This article contributes to scholarly debates about the relationship between precarity and financialization by applying Randy Martin’s concept of the social derivative to the phenomenon of responsible investment. It explores how responsible investment emerges as an avenue for political action in the context of disintermediated governance. Analyzing one strategy of responsible investment, the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks into investment decision making, through the frame of the social derivative, the article argues that a derivative logic of ethics underpins ESG risk management. This complicates contemporary understandings of precarity as risk-shifting, because ESG integration creates connections between unlikely parties, opening up new forms and directions for political contest through finance. However, the article reveals that the contingent and profit-driven ethics on which ESG risk management is based establishes a narrow foundation on which these contests take place.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document