Effect of deleting acetic acid-producing key enzyme gene of Selenomonas ruminantium on the ruminal fermentation in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao LONG
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Key Enzyme

Impact of strain and dose of live yeast and yeast derivatives on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a high-grain diet at two pH levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.X. Jiao ◽  
Z.X. He ◽  
S. Ding ◽  
N.D. Walker ◽  
Y.Y. Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Live Yeast

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) or yeast derivatives (YD) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in batch culture. The study was a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement: 2 media pH × 5 yeasts × 4 dosages. An additional treatment of monensin (Mon) was added as a positive control for each pH level. Media pH was low (5.8) and high (6.5); the yeasts were three LY (LY1-3) and two YD (YD4-5); and doses were 0, 4 × 106, 8 × 106, and 1.6 × 107 cfu mL−1 for LY and 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg bottle−1 for YD. Substrate consisted of 10% silage and 90% concentrate (DM basis) and samples were incubated for 24 h. Media pH of 6.5 vs. 5.8, increased (P < 0.01) GP, DMD, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations but decreased (P < 0.01) NH3-N concentration and copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Increasing dose of LY2 linearly (P < 0.05) increased DMD. Total VFA concentration was greater with LY2 (P < 0.01) than LY3 and YD5 at pH 6.5. Overall, adding yeast products improved (P < 0.05) DMD at pH 5.8, and increased VFA concentration compared with Mon. These results indicate that in vitro GP and DMD of a high-grain diet varied with source and dose of yeast supplementation. Some yeast products have the potential to improve fermentation of feedlot diets when supplemented at appropriate doses.

scholarly journals Partial replacement of corn by soybean hulls in high-grain diets for feedlot sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Homem Junior ◽  
Bruno Faleiros Nocera ◽  
Lucas Figueiredo Faleiros ◽  
Marco Túlio Costa Almeida ◽  
Josimari Regina Paschoaloto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Soybean Hulls

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the partial replacement of corn grains by soybean hulls, in high-grain diets, and its effect on the feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters of feedlot sheep. Eight rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep were assigned to four treatment groups composed of a control, to fed a diet of 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate, and to three groups fed high-grain diets, as follows: 85% corn (Diet85), 75% corn plus 10% soybean hulls (Diet75), and 65% corn plus 20% soybean hulls (Diet65). High-grain diets reduced rumination time and provided a higher degradation of feed dry matter, a higher-propionic acid concentration, a lower-acetic acid concentration, a lower methane and carbon dioxide gas production, and a lower ruminal pH value. Diet65, with 20% soybean hulls, promoted an increase in the acetic acid proportion, with a reduction in the CO2:CH4 ratio. At the end of in vitro incubation, the pH value was higher for the control diet, and it was lower for Diet85. The inclusion of soybean hulls does not change methane production and dry matter degradation, and it can be used to substitute up to 20% of corn grain in high-grain diets.

scholarly journals Increasing the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids from Corn Stover Using Bioaugmentation of a Mixed Rumen Culture with Homoacetogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Nanditha Murali ◽  
Keerthi Srinivas ◽  
Birgitte K. Ahring
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Homoacetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Major Market

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are industrially versatile chemicals and have a major market. Although currently produced from petrochemicals, chemical industries are moving towards more bio-based VFA produced from abundant, cheap and renewable sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we examined the effect of bioaugmentation with homoacetogenic bacteria for increasing VFA production in lignocellulose fermentation process. The central hypothesis of this study was that inhibition of methanogenesis in an in vitro rumen bioreactor fed with lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate increases the hydrogen partial pressure, which can be redirected towards increased VFA production, particularly acetic acid, through targeted bioaugmentation with known homoacetogenic bacteria. In this study, methanogenesis during ruminal fermentation of wet exploded corn stover was initially inhibited with 10 mM of 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES), followed by bioaugmentation with either Acetitomaculum ruminis and Acetobacterium woodii in two separate bioreactors. During the inhibition phase, we found that addition of BES decreased the acetic acid yield by 24%, while increasing headspace hydrogen from 1% to 60%. After bioaugmentation, the headspace hydrogen was consumed in both bioreactors and the concentration of acetic acids increased 45% when A. ruminis was added and 70% with A. woodii added. This paper demonstrates that mixed microbial fermentation can be manipulated to increase VFA production through bioaugmentation.

Expression of the key enzyme gene of the proteolytic system inLacbobacillus bulgaricus

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuge Cao ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Juncai Hou ◽  
Yueou Du ◽  
Weiwei Han
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic System ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Key Enzyme

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Rauvolfia Serpentina (L.) Benth Ex. Kurz.

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswoti Aryal ◽  
Sanu Devi Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Callus Tissue Culture

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) ex. Kurz is an important medicinal plant. Callus induction and regeneration was studied from stem explant of in-vitro grown plant of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) on Murashige Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 1mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenocy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1mg/l Kinetin (Kn). Vigorous growth of callus occurs after 4 weeks of culture. Callus was sub-cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration of 2, 4-D (0.5-3.0 mg/l) and 10% coconut milk. Regeneration of plantlets occurred on MS medium containing 3 mg/1 of 2, 4-D and 10% coconut milk. These plantlets were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IAA .The regenerated plantlets were able to grow on soil after short period ofacclimatization. Key words: Explant; In-vitro culture; MS medium;  2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid; Kinetin; Callus; Tissue culture; Coconut milk. Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 82-88

Advancement Of Changed Pulsincap Medicate Conveyance Arrangement Of Metronidazole For Tranquilize Focusing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
pp. I-IV
Author(s):  
Roshni Jha ◽  
Anjali Minj
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Guar Gum

A changed Pulsincap measurements type of metronidazole was created to target tranquilize discharge in the colon. Groups of hard gelatin cases were treated with formaldehyde keeping the tops in that capacity. Metronidazole pellets arranged by expulsion spheronization technique were consolidated into these particular container shells and stopped with polymers guar gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 10K, carboxymethylcellulose sodium and sodium alginate independently at fixations 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg. The filled cases were totally covered with 5% cellulose acetic acid derivation phthalate to forestall variable gastric purging. All the definitions were tested to decide sedate substance and the capacity of the adjusted Pulsincap to give colon-explicit medication conveyance was surveyed by in vitro tranquilize discharge concentrates in cushion pH 1.2 for 2 h, pH 7.4 (reproduced intestinal liquid) for 3 h and pH 6.8 (animated colonic liquid) for 7 h. The outcomes showed that critical medication discharge happened simply after 5 h from the beginning of analysis.

Trans-sialidase Associated with Atherosclerosis: Defining the Identity of a Key Enzyme Involved in the Pathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 938-941
Author(s):  
Victor Y. Glanz ◽  
Veronika A. Myasoedova ◽  
Andrey V. Grechko ◽  
Alexander N. Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Sialidase Activity ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
St6gal I

Atherosclerosis is associated with the increased trans-sialidase activity, which can be detected in the blood plasma of atherosclerosis patients. The likely involvement in the disease pathogenesis made this activity an interesting research subject and the enzyme that may perform such activity was isolated and characterized in terms of substrate specificity and enzymatic properties. It was found that the enzyme has distinct optimum pH values, and its activity was enhanced by the presence of Ca2+ ions. Most importantly, the enzyme was able to cause atherogenic modification of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) particles in vitro. However, the identity of the discovered enzyme remained to be defined. Currently, sialyltransferases, mainly ST6Gal I, are regarded as major contributors to sialic acid metabolism in human blood. In this mini-review, we discuss the possibility that atherosclerosis- associated trans-sialidase does, in fact, belong to the sialyltransferases family.

Novel Compound from Flowers of Moringa oleifera Active Against Multi- Drug Resistant Gram-negative Bacilli

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Santi M. Mandal ◽  
Subhanil Chakraborty ◽  
Santanu Sahoo ◽  
Smritikona Pyne ◽  
Samaresh Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Isolated Compound ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Background: The need for suitable antibacterial agents effective against Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria is acknowledged globally. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible antibacterial potential of an extracted compound from edible flowers of Moringa oleifera. Methods: Five different solvents were used for preparing dried flower extracts. The most effective extract was subjected to fractionation and further isolation of the active compound with the highest antibacterial effect was obtained using TLC, Column Chromatography and reverse phase- HPLC. Approaches were made for characterization of the isolated compound using FTIR, NMR and Mass spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the CLSI guidelines. Results: One fraction of aqueous acetic acid extract of M. oleifera flower was found highly effective and more potent than conventional antibiotics of different classes against Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) when compared. The phytochemical analysis of the isolated compound revealed the presence of hydrogen-bonded amine and hydroxyl groups attributable to unsaturated amides. Conclusion: The present study provided data indicating a potential for use of the flowers extract of M. oleifera in the fight against infections caused by lethal MDR-GNB. Recommendations: Aqueous acetic acid flower extract of M. oleifera is effective, in-vitro, against Gram-negative bacilli. This finding may open a scope in pharmaceutics for the development of new classes of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Traits and Inoculation Effects on Triticum durum of Actinomycetes Isolates under Salt Stress Conditions

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Rihab Djebaili ◽  
Marika Pellegrini ◽  
Massimiliano Rossi ◽  
Cinzia Forni ◽  
Maria Smati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Assays

This study aimed to characterize the halotolerant capability, in vitro, of selected actinomycetes strains and to evaluate their competence in promoting halo stress tolerance in durum wheat in a greenhouse experiment. Fourteen isolates were tested for phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia production under different salt concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 M NaCl). The presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity was also investigated. Salinity tolerance was evaluated in durum wheat through plant growth and development parameters: shoot and root length, dry and ash-free dry weight, and the total chlorophyll content, as well as proline accumulation. In vitro assays have shown that the strains can solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia under different salt concentrations. Most of the strains (86%) had 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, with significant amounts of α-ketobutyric acid. In the greenhouse experiment, inoculation with actinomycetes strains improved the morpho-biochemical parameters of durum wheat plants, which also recorded significantly higher content of chlorophylls and proline than those uninoculated, both under normal and stressed conditions. Our results suggest that inoculation of halotolerant actinomycetes can mitigate the negative effects of salt stress and allow normal growth and development of durum wheat plants.

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