scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial and antihelminthic activity of the ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Lantana camara, Averrhoa carambola and Syzygium aromaticum

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (37) ◽  
pp. 5059-5068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibua ◽  
M E Uju ◽  
Odo ◽  
E G
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant capacities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica using in vitro and in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Chioma E. Irozuru Irozuru ◽  
Janet O. Olugbodi ◽  
Uche Okuu Arunsi ◽  
Olusola Ladeji
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Background: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica are commonly sourced food condiments in every household in Nigeria. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of these plants. Methods: The aqueous extracts from the A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica were evaluated for phytochemical composition using standard protocols while the antioxidant activities were evaluated using the reducing power assay. Forty-five (45) Male Wistar rats (weighing 185±10 g) were divided into five groups (n=9) and were orally administered with 100 mg/kg BW each of A. sativum, M. myristica, A. cepa, and ascorbic acid while the control group received 0.5 mL/kg BW distilled water alone. Animals (n=3) from each group were sacrificed after the 20th, 25th, and 30th days of oral administration. The blood and tissue samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Result: Our results revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes in the plant extracts. A. sativum had the highest reducing power capacity followed by M. myristica and then A. cepa. The in vitro antioxidants activities demonstrated by the plant extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid but less than butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo antioxidant studies showed a marked increase (p<0.05) in the level of catalase with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of MDA and H2O2 in the liver and kidney of rats administered with aqueous extracts of the condiments compared to the normal control and ascorbic acid in the following order control < ascorbic acid < A. cepa < M. myristica < A. sativum. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that the aqueous extracts of A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica are rich in antioxidants and as a result could serve as promising novel functional foods and nutraceuticals

Chemical Profiling, Larvicidal Activity and Antihemolytic Property of Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L. Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 945-958
Author(s):  
Durgadevi P ◽  
◽  
Sumathi P ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Health Organization

Essential oils are plant derived concentrates of the secondary metabolites responsible for the aromatic flavor attributing to its various medicinal properties. Fresh Allium sativum (A. sativum) and Allium cepa (A. cepa) were subjected to steam distillation for isolation of essential oil characterized by performing Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Chromatogram of the essential oil depicted the presence diallyl sulfide (5.35%), 2-(2’-carbamoylphenoxy)-butanoic acid (2.64%), 2-ethyl-5-methylthiophene (0.42%), diallyl disulphide (18.76%), 3-(2-thia-4-pentenyl)-1-thia-cyclohex-5-ene (1.09%) and dimethyl tetrasulphide (0.15%), 2,4-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one (47.91%), 2,4-Thiazolidinedione (0.01%), 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-1,3-dinitrobenzene (5.93%), 6-Methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (47.91%) in A. sativum and A.cepa respectively. Larvicidal activity against third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi (A. Stephensi) was assessed by following the standard protocol of World Health Organization. The 50% lethality (LC50) of A. stephensi larvae was observed at 265.96 ± 1.88 ppm and 357.14 ± 2.36 ppm of A. sativum and A. cepa essential oil correspondingly. The mortality rate of the larvae was both time and dose dependent. Besides, the in vitro antihemolytic activity of the essential oil was also assessed using Sheep erythrocytes. The erythrocyte lysis was inhibited by the essential oils of both A. sativum and A. cepa in a concentration dependent manner with an IC50 of 427.35 ± 1.23 μl and 549.45 ± 1.38 μl respectively. On a comparative assessment between the essential oils of A. sativum and A. cepa, the former exhibited better larvicidal activity against the disease-causing vector, A. stephensi. Still, both could serve as potent insecticidal agents after further identification of the responsible chemical compound and its mode of action.

Modulation of hemostasis by inhibiting enzymes with the extract of Averrhoa carambola leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-396
Author(s):  
Daniela Aparecida Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Braga ◽  
Silvana Marcussi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Phospholipases A2 ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Herbal medicines represent an advantageous alternative for the prevention and treatment of several diseases when compared to allopathic medicines. Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae) is a plant rich in phenolic compounds and popularly known for its medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic. Different enzymes of the human organism participate in physiological processes which involve hemostasis, inflammation, and formation of new tissue. These enzymes are highlighted as pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of numerous pathologies. The present work evaluated the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from A. carambola leaves on phospholipase, hemolytic, caseinolytic, thrombolytic, coagulant, and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by phospholipases A2 and proteases. Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were quantified in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Averrhoa carambola. These extracts were evaluated, in vitro, on phospholipase, proteolytic, hemolytic, thrombolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by snake venoms. The results confirm the pharmacological potential of A. carambola since the extracts were able to modulate all evaluated activities related to hemostasis through inhibitions or potentiation of the enzymatic activities (phospholipases A2 and proteases). The constituents of A. carambola may act interfering in processes such as coagulation, thrombus dissolution, and fibrinogenolysis.

scholarly journals Synergetic effect of onion (Allium cepa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and garlic (Allium sativum) on in vitro iron bioaccessibility from cooked dehusked mungbean

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 935-938
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kaur ◽  
Kiran Bains ◽  
Harpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
North India ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Four Levels

The usage of combination of onion (Allium cepa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and garlic (Allium sativum) in legume preparations is vogue in North India but the amounts of these three additives need to be optimized to enhance iron bioavailability from the legumes. Four levels of the three additives were set where onion and tomato were added to 100 g of base legume i.e. dehusked mungbean (Vigna radiata) @ 25, 50, 75 and 100g each while garlic was added @ 5, 10, 15 and 20g. The inclusion of the combination of onion tomato and garlic at levels Level 1 (4.55), Level 2 (5.37), Level 3 (5.80) and Level 4 (7.11) had a significantly (p≤0.05) higher ascorbicacid level when compared to the legume with no additive (0.26mg). β-carotene content increased significantly (p≤0.05) at all the levels (15.42 to 36.2μg) when compared to the legume with no additive (13.64μg/100 g fresh weight) Similarly, the in vitro iron bioaccessibility increased significantly (p≤0.05) when the level of fortificationincreased, the percent increase being 11.9, 14.1, 25.6 and 54.6 % at Level 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively when compared to the legume with no additive . The study concluded that the combination of onion (100g), tomato (100g) and garlic (20g) can enhance the bioaccessibility of iron from legumes maximally, hence, the observation can be useful in evolving dietary strategies to maximize the bioavailability of minerals from legumes.

scholarly journals ATIVIDADE DE BIOEXTRATOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PHOMOPSIS PHASEOLI VAR. SOJAE, FUSARIUM SP. E NO TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE SOJA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Pascuali ◽  
José Wilson Pires Carvalho ◽  
Aniele Arvani Souza ◽  
Larissa Regina Ballerini Gonçales ◽  
Armando da Silva Filho
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Phomopsis Phaseoli

As doenças de plantas são responsáveis por perdas econômicas em todos os cultivos, afetam as plantas no campo e as sementes durante o armazenamento. Diferentes técnicas de controle de patógenos são utilizadas para minimizar impactos negativos, entre elas têm-se usado bioextratos, os quais se apresentam como alternativas desejáveis comparados ao controle químico convencional. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro e in vivo de extratos de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.), cipreste (Cupressus sp.) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.), alho (Allium sativum L.) cebola (Allium cepa L.) e gengibre (Zingiber officinalis L.) com diferentes processos de elaboração, contra Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae, Fusarium sp., e a influência na germinação e no vigor de sementes de soja. Os bioextratos foram preparados utilizando-se 40 g de plantas (in natura e seco a 55± 2°C) e solução água-metanol (1:3). Os extratos, após filtrados e evaporado o álcool, foram divididos em duas frações, uma delas foi autoclavada e ambas aplicadas nos isolados de culturas puras e diretamente nas sementes de soja. A secagem promoveu melhora na eficiência dos bioextratos de alho, cebola e gengibre no controle in vitro de Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae enquanto que os de cipestre e pinhão manso foram menos efetivos. A autoclavagem resultou em perda da capacidade fungitóxica do bioextrato de alho, enquanto no de cebola afetou negativamente o vigor das sementes a 10% v/v. O extrato de alho seco não autoclavado controlou eficientemente o desenvolvimento de Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae in vitro. Os demais bioextratos não apresentaram eficiência significativa no controle dos patógenos. Todos os bioextratos conferiram à semente de soja índice de germinação inferior quando comparado ao tratamento com Carbendazin+Tiran. O bioextrato de cebola, gengibre ambos in natura não autoclavado e de tiririca desidratada não autoclavado melhoraram significativamente o percentual de plântulas normais, comparado à testemunha. Entretanto, os bioextratos não diminuíram a contaminação das sementes por Fusarium spp. e Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae. Portanto, o processo de autoclavagem é uma etapa importante podendo afetar de maneira diferente a eficiência dos bioextratos estudados, assim como o processo de secagem da matéria vegetal antes da preparação dos bioextratos.

Biological Nature Of Platelet Inhibitors From Allium Cepa, Allium Sativum And Auricularia Polytrica

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar N Makheja ◽  
Chow Eng Low ◽  
J Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Lipoxygenase Pathway ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide ◽  
Dependent Inhibition

Several lines of evidence indicate that extracts of onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) or Chinese black tree fungus (Auricularia polytrica) inhibit platelet aggregation both in-vitro and in-vivo.A systematic study showed that aqueous extracts of these vegetables produced a dose-dependent inhibition of ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Onion and garlic juices were extracted sequentially into petroleum ether and diethyl ether. The anti-platelet activity in the aqueous phases was completely inactivated by purified adenosine deaminase. The activity in the petroleum ether layer was further characterised by its effects on the metabolism of 14C-AA by platelets. This oily fraction of onion and garlic suppressed thromboxane synthesis completely and induced a redistribution in the products of the lipoxygenase pathway. Adenosine and allicin (found in the ether layer) inhibited aggregation without affecting AA metabolism. Preparative GC and GC/MS studies showed that the activity of the oily fraction was due principally to paraffinic polysulfides (PPS) of which dimethyl trisulfide was one of the most active. Authentic samples of dimethyl trisulfide duplicated the effects of onion and garlic oils on both aggregation and AA metabolism.

In vitro antifungal activities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum and ketoconazole against some pathogenic yeasts and dermatophytes

Fitoterapia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Shokoohamiri ◽  
Nasrin Amirrajab ◽  
Behnaz Moghadasi ◽  
Ali Ghajari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antifungal Activities
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