Modulation of hemostasis by inhibiting enzymes with the extract of Averrhoa carambola leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-396
Author(s):  
Daniela Aparecida Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Braga ◽  
Silvana Marcussi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Phospholipases A2 ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Herbal medicines represent an advantageous alternative for the prevention and treatment of several diseases when compared to allopathic medicines. Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae) is a plant rich in phenolic compounds and popularly known for its medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic. Different enzymes of the human organism participate in physiological processes which involve hemostasis, inflammation, and formation of new tissue. These enzymes are highlighted as pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of numerous pathologies. The present work evaluated the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from A. carambola leaves on phospholipase, hemolytic, caseinolytic, thrombolytic, coagulant, and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by phospholipases A2 and proteases. Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were quantified in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Averrhoa carambola. These extracts were evaluated, in vitro, on phospholipase, proteolytic, hemolytic, thrombolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by snake venoms. The results confirm the pharmacological potential of A. carambola since the extracts were able to modulate all evaluated activities related to hemostasis through inhibitions or potentiation of the enzymatic activities (phospholipases A2 and proteases). The constituents of A. carambola may act interfering in processes such as coagulation, thrombus dissolution, and fibrinogenolysis.

scholarly journals The influence of brown algae alginates on phenolic compounds capability of ultraviolet radiation absorption in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Tavares Salgado ◽  
Rodrigo Tomazetto ◽  
Leonardo Paes Cinelli ◽  
Marcos Farina ◽  
Gilberto Menezes Amado Filho
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Physiological Processes

Brown algae phenolic compounds (PC) are secondary metabolites that participate in many biological processes, such as ultraviolet radiation (UV) protection, polyspermy blocking and trace metals bounding. Recently, PC has also been studied due to possible interactions with cell wall polysaccharides. However, there are few evidences of these interactions and their influence in physiological processes. The interactions between PC from the brown alga Padina gymnospora and alginates and the influence of these interactions on the UV absorption properties of PC were investigated in this work. Chromatography and spectrophotometry techniques were used to isolate, characterize and determine UV absorption capacity of studied compounds. Even after the P. gymnospora polysaccharide extraction and isolating methods, the PC was maintained linked to the alginate. The interaction of alginates with PC did not cause modifications on absorbance pattern of electromagnetic spectrum (UV-VIS-IR). The UV absorbance capability of PC linked to alginate was maintained for a longer period of time if compared with the purified PC. The obtained results reveal the strong linkage between PC and alginates and that these linkages preserve the UV absorption capability of PC along time.

scholarly journals Medicinal properties of fungi occurring on Betula sp. trees. A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Joanna Smolibowska ◽  
Marcin Szymański ◽  
Arkadiusz Szymański
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Lenzites Betulina ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Summary The article presents the chemical costituents and pharmacological properties of polyporoid fungi found on birch, namely Piptoporus betulinus, Inonotus obliquus, Lenzites betulina, Fomes fomentarius, and Trametes versicolor. The in vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of different extracts from above-mentioned fungi on the human organism shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and immunostimulant activity, conditioned by the presence of such compounds as polysaccharides, polyphenols or terpenes. These fungi are commonly found in Poland and may superbly compete with Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) or Lentinula edodes (Shitake) used in Asia for medicinal purposes.

scholarly journals Applicability of an In-Vitro Digestion Model to Assess the Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds from Olive-Related Products

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6667
Author(s):  
Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez ◽  
Carmen González-Barreiro ◽  
Elena Martínez-Carballo ◽  
Noelia Cambeiro-Pérez ◽  
Raquel Rial-Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Before And After

The Mediterranean diet includes virgin olive oil (VOO) as the main fat and olives as snacks. In addition to providing nutritional and organoleptic properties, VOO and the fruits (olives) contain an extensive number of bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, which are considered to be powerful antioxidants. Furthermore, olive byproducts, such as olive leaves, olive pomace, and olive mill wastewater, considered also as rich sources of phenolic compounds, are now valorized due to being mainly applied in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The digestive system must physically and chemically break down these ingested olive-related products to release their phenolic compounds, which will be further metabolized to be used by the human organism. The first purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current status of in-vitro static digestion models for olive-related products. In this sense, the in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion methods are widely used with the following aims: (i) to study how phenolic compounds are released from their matrices and to identify structural changes of phenolic compounds after the digestion of olive fruits and oils and (ii) to support the functional value of olive leaves and byproducts generated in the olive industry by assessing their health properties before and after the gastrointestinal process. The second purpose of this review is to survey and discuss all the results available to date.

scholarly journals Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karković Marković ◽  
Jelena Torić ◽  
Monika Barbarić ◽  
Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
A Minor

The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.

scholarly journals In vitro and in silico anti-dengue activity of compounds obtained from Psidium guajava through bioprospecting

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Isabel Trujillo-Correa ◽  
Diana Carolina Quintero-Gil ◽  
Fredyc Diaz-Castillo ◽  
Winston Quiñones ◽  
Sara M. Robledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Experimental Strategies

Abstract Background For decades, bioprospecting has proven to be useful for the identification of compounds with pharmacological potential. Considering the great diversity of Colombian plants and the serious worldwide public health problem of dengue—a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV)—in the present study, we evaluated the anti-DENV effects of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast, and 5 fractions and 5 compounds derived from Psidium guajava. Methods The cytotoxicity and antiviral effect of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast was evaluated in epithelial VERO cells. Five fractions were obtained by open column chromatography from the ethanolic extract with the highest selectivity index (SI) (derived from P. guajava, SI: 128.2). From the fraction with the highest selectivity (Pg-YP-I-22C, SI: 35.5), five compounds were identified by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antiviral effect in vitro of the fractions and compounds was evaluated by different experimental strategies (Pre- and post-treatment) using non-toxic concentrations calculated by MTT method. The DENV inhibition was evaluated by plate focus assay. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis using Student’s t-test. Finally the antiviral effect in Silico was evaluated by molecular docking. Results In vitro evaluation of these compounds showed that three of them (gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin) were promising antivirals as they inhibit the production of infectious viral particles via different experimental strategies, with the best antiviral being catechin (100% inhibition with a pre-treatment strategy and 91.8% with a post-treatment strategy). When testing the interactions of these compounds with the viral envelope protein in silico by docking, only naringin and hesperidin had better scores than the theoretical threshold of − 7.0 kcal/mol (− 8.0 kcal/mol and − 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively). All ligands tested except gallic acid showed higher affinity to the NS5 protein than the theoretical threshold. Conclusion Even though bioprospecting has recently been replaced by more targeted tools for identifying compounds with pharmacological potential, our results show it is still useful for this purpose. Additionally, combining in vitro and in silico evaluations allowed us to identify promising antivirals as well as their possible mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity of total sesquiterpene lactones and phenols isolated from some Iraqi plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Potency

The antimicrobial potency of the crude ethanolic extracts from different Iraqi plants were evaluated . Further more, total sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds were isolated and their antimicrobial activity attempted. The results indicated that crude extracts have no activity except that of Callistemon lanceolatus. Also, the sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus were the most significant antimicrobial active constituents of the studied plants.

scholarly journals Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Artemisia persica, A. spicigera, and A. fragrance against Leishmania major

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Najm ◽  
Ramtin Hadighi ◽  
Maryam Heidari-Kharaji ◽  
Maryam Alipour ◽  
Maryam Hajizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Leishmanicidal Activity ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Artemisia Species

Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), is a widespread infectious disease with high mortality and morbidity. Various medications are used for treating the disease, but several side effects and drug resistance have been reported. Herbal medicines are unlimited sources for discovering new medications to treat infectious diseases. We aimed to determine the leishmanicidal activity of three species of Iranian Artemisia herbal plant extracts in in-vitro. Methods: In-vitro anti-leishmanial activity of ethanolic extracts on both promastigotes and amastigotes was determined by using MTT method. IC50, CC50, EC50 and SI were calculated. The study was done in 2019-2020 in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Results: All of the three Artemisia species significantly reduced the number of parasite promastigotes. Among them, A. persica had the highest leishmanicidal activity against parasite promastigotes. Cytotoxicity assay elucidated that the Artemisia had no toxicity to the host cells, and killed the L. major amastigotes very efficiently. By increasing the dose of extracts, the parasite number in both phases (promastigotes and amastigotes) was reduced significantly. Conclusion: These results indicated satisfactory anti-leishmanial activity of Artemisia extracts against ZCL in-vitro. Accordingly, Artemisia ethanolic extracts might be considered as a strong, effective and safe herbal compound for clearing the L. major with less toxicity to the host macrophages cells. Hence, it may be recognized as an excellent herbal therapy for treating the ZCL.

scholarly journals In vitro seed germination of Cymbidium elegans Lindl.

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T. Ramesh ◽  
P. Renganathan
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Different Cultures

Orchids are nature's most extravagant group of flowering plants distributed throughout the world from tropics to high alpine. They exhibit incredible range of diversity in size, shape and color of their flowers. Though orchids are grown primarily as ornamentals, many are used as herbal medicines, food, and other have cultural value by different cultures and tribes in different parts of the world. Orchids have been used in many parts of the world in traditional healing system as well as in the treatment of a number of diseases since the ancient time. Though Orchidaceae is regarded as a largest family of plant kingdom, few studies have been done regarding their medicinal properties. Linking of the indigenous knowledge of medicinal orchids to modern research activities provides a new reliable approach, for the discovery of novel drugs much more effectively than with random collection. Many of these orchids face the extreme danger of extinction due to over-exploitation and habitat loss. Plant tissue culture could be one of the most suitable alternative tools to minimize the pressure on natural population of medicinal orchids and their sustainable utilization. 

Simulation of Phenolic Compounds Transformations and Interactions in an In Vitro Model of the Human Alimentary Tract

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tarko ◽  
A. Duda-Chodak ◽  
T. Tuszyński
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Vitro Model

Phenolic compounds play an important role in the defense system of the human organism against reactive oxygen species. They are present mainly in fruit and vegetables, but their bioavailability is the key factor determining their concentration in blood and tissues. The aim of this article was to study the transformations that apple polyphenols undergo during digestion. An in vitro model with dialysate membranes simulating the human alimentary tract was used for evaluating the composition and antioxidant properties of fresh apples and products of their digestion in dialysates. Epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, and procyanidins were the main antioxidant compounds in the whole fruits and flesh of the two varieties of apples analyzed. In the apple peel additionally quercetin glycosides were present. As a result of in vitro digestion both polyphenolic compounds concentration and the antioxidant activity of the dialysates increased as compared to the raw materials (from 35% to 95% and from 50% to 236%, respectively). In the simulated alimentary tract, it was proved that procyanidins disintegrate to (+)catechin, which is well absorbed from the small intestine, while chlorogenic acid and quercetin glycosides were characterized by a low bioavailability.

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