scholarly journals Detection and Evaluation of metals in soil under influence of mining by Dispersive Energy X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF), Lavras do Sul/RS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Cristiane Heredia Gomes ◽  
Diogo Gabriel Sperandio ◽  
Rafael Lima Dessart ◽  
Dionatan Daniel Giusti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Right

Rocks are the primary source of chemical elements found in the earth. Among them metallic elements, which are distributed in most natural environments and their distribution in soils is widespread. Knowledge of the soil chemical composition will provide subsidies for a prediction of phytotoxicity and possible groundwater contamination. Concentrations of metals, in the right quantities, are essential for maintaining life. Although, if in high quantities (toxicity), can cause damage to plants, animals, and humans. This work consists of a chemical analysis of soil samples in the region of Lavras do Sul / RS, where mineral deposits occur. Until the year 1981 mining activities occupied the area without municipality, resulting in ore and waste deposits at inappropriate places, generating environmental liabilities, contributing to soil chemistry, and consequently affecting public health. Through the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) method, 20 soil samples were analyzed in two profiles surrounding the municipality. Among them, high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ce and Cd were detected, possibly contributing to anthropic activities and seasonal fluctuations.

scholarly journals What the presence of regulated chemical elements in beached lacustrine plastics can tell us: the case of Swiss lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Filella ◽  
Juan-Carlos Rodríguez-Murillo ◽  
Andrew Turner
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Lake Geneva ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Standing Stocks ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractPlastics (n = 3880) have been sampled from 39 beaches of ten Swiss lakes of varying sizes, hydrodynamics, and catchments, with a selection (n = 598) analysed for potentially hazardous (and regulated) chemical elements (As, Ba, Br, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se) by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Plastic objects and fragments with identifiable or unidentifiable origins were present on all beaches surveyed, and were often most abundant in proximity to major riverine inputs. Chemical elements were detected in between two (Hg) and 340 (Ba) samples with maximum concentrations exceeding 2% by weight for Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Sb. Inter-element relationships and characteristics of the samples suggest that elements are largely present as various additives, including pigments (e.g., Cd2SSe, PbCrO4), stabilizers (in polyvinyl chloride), and flame retardants (Br). Observations are similar to, and complement, those previously reported in Switzerland’s largest lake (Lake Geneva). Comparison of concentrations of targeted chemical elements in beached plastic with currently used plastics illustrate the interest of these types of measurements in providing an insight into the persistence of plastics in standing stocks and in lakes. This information could help to introduce management schemes that consider whether plastic pollution is new or old and act accordingly.

Classification of soil samples based on Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry combined with chemometric methods and variable selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 8930-8939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderval S. Luna ◽  
Igor C. A. Lima ◽  
Werickson F. C. Rocha ◽  
Joyce R. Araújo ◽  
Alexei Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Variable Selection ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
X Ray

Soil classification is crucial for its cultivation preparation in countries that export several agricultural commodities.

scholarly journals Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of medical plant samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Oľga Lukačovičová
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Food Law ◽  
Medical Plant

Abstract The method of samples processing and subsequent their analysis using Radionuclide X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for medical plant samples and drugs has been developed. Technical aspects of the measurement such as mutual geometrical arrangement of tablets (of various size and mass), semiconductor Si/Li detector and the primary source of radiation, 238Pu, are discussed. Technique of Radionuclide X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (RXFS) has been applied on samples of medical products and medicines used to treat liver diseases. Medicinal herbs, teas in infusion bags and the drug from this group, were analysed in the solid state (in the form of tablets) or as the leachate, applied to the ion exchanger resin. Chelating Extraction Disks EmporeTM have proven the ability to extract elements from liquid samples under certain conditions and thus to prepare samples for RXFS analysis and evaluation. To ensure correct results, an optimal pH environment has been found. The detection limits of selected elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) have been calculated for both solid and liquid state samples. Standard addition method and calibration curve parameters have been used to evaluate the concentration of each element in studied samples. Determined concentrations of the examined elements were compared with permissible contaminant limits for the relevant food law in Slovak Republic.

scholarly journals Treatment and remediation by the stabilization/solidification process based on hydraulic binders of soil contaminated by heavy metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-178
Author(s):  
Rachid Sahnoune ◽  
Karim Moussaceb
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Nature and the environment are affected by various human industrial and/or urban discharges. Remediation for this problem requires first and foremost an in-depth analysis and an overall characterization of the intrinsic properties of the pollution-receiving environments. Secondly it is necessary to predict in these environments the behavior of dangerous chemical species (here particularly heavy metals) in the long term. This study focuses mainly on a detailed characterization of 4 soil samples sampled in vicinity of wild dump-BOULIMAT located 15 km west of the city of Bejaia-Algeria. The samples were characterised by atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Fluorescence X and Infrared spectroscopy. The data showed high concentrations of metallic elements especially Zn (2,651.8 mg.kg−1) and Ni (163.44 mg.kg−1) in the soil samples. For their remediation, the stabilization/solidification (S/S) process with hydraulic binders appeared promising in reducing the polluting power of metal. This approach has considerably reduced the content of pollutants; 98 % removal was obtained for Ni and 99 % for Zn. The XRD analysis technique revealed the occurrence or absence of metallic elements in the crystallized phases.

Geochemical and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Forest Soils Adjacent to the Tinovul Mare Poiana Stampei Peat Bog

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Constantin Cazacu ◽  
Nicolae Buzgar ◽  
Ovidiu Gabriel Iancu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northern Group ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Alert Threshold

Tinovul Mare Poiana Stampei is situated in the northern group of the Oriental Carpathians within the Dornelor Depression, one of the richest peat areas in Romania. In this study we have performed analyses of certain heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As and Cd) found in the forest soils adjacent to the Tinovul Mare Poiana Stampei peat bog. The analyses performed through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry indicated the following variation limits (mg/kg): Cr: 20-66; Co: 8-29; Ni: 16-78; Cu: 16-42; Zn: 36-199; Pb: 21-229; As: 5.5-36 and Cd: 0.01-1.4. The outcomes of the present study indicate high concentrations for certain (Ni, Pb and As). These concentrations exceed the alert threshold established by the Romanian Law, according to Order no. 756 of November, 3rd 1997.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of PM10 in two small towns located in South Poland

Nukleonika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Anna Turek-Fijak ◽  
Joanna Brania ◽  
Katarzyna Styszko ◽  
Damian Zięba ◽  
Zdzisław Stęgowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyse the elements and PM10 concentrations in air samples gathered in the winter of 2017/2018 in two small towns, namely Skala and Wadowice. The chemical elements were identified for each sample using the energy dispersive X-ray method. The spectrometer was equipped, among others, with an Mo-X-ray tube which was the source of the photons and the Si(Li) detector. The following chemical elements: Cl, K, Fe, Ca, Zn, Pb, Br, Ti, Cu, Mn, V, Co, Rb, Ni, Sr, and Cr were identified in the samples. In addition, As and Se were identified in Wadowice. First, the results were compared with each other and then with the results for the nearest city. It was observed that the PM10 concentrations were significantly higher than the UE limit value for PM10, which equals 50 μg·m−3 per 24 h. Moreover, the high concentrations of, among others, K, Pb, Cl or Zn, are likely to be linked with fossil fuels combustion and biomass burning. The levels of element concentrations in Wadowice and Skala resemble the levels observed several years earlier in Krakow.

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