scholarly journals Biogas generation potential from anaerobic digestion of “Ponkan” and “Montenegrin” Tangerine peel waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e24
Author(s):  
Rafael Vieira de Carvalho ◽  
Thais Cristina Campos de Abreu ◽  
Celso Romanel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Treatment Techniques

Due to the increase in human damage caused to the environment, there is a need for remediation measures and techniques to be applied in favor of a sustainable future for upcoming generations. One of the sectors that have potential in the use of low carbon economy stocks is agribusiness. In fact, part of agribusiness is fruit growing which is one of the sectors of greatest Brazilian economic prominence, with a wide variety of crops produced throughout the country and in different climates. In the food production chain, there are several post-harvest losses and the consequent generation of large amounts of waste. Anaerobic digestion presents itself as an excellent and promising option for the treatment of food waste, contributing to the fight against the increase of polluting emissions and generating biogas for use as thermal or electric energy or even as a fuel to replace fossil fuels. The anaerobic digestion of organic waste is a biological process characterized by the absence of oxygen which through the metabolic activities of microorganisms causes the complex organic material to be converted mainly into methane and carbon dioxide. In a scenario where the production of waste around the world is growing more and more, efficient waste treatment techniques are essential to ensure lower greenhouse gas emissions in the environment. In this study, the biodegradation capacity of the substrate formed with “ponkan” and “montenegrin” tangerine peels was investigated through BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) tests with the determination of water content, total solids, and volatile solids in samples of laboratory under ideal conditions of pH, temperature, and humidity. The tests were carried out over a period of twenty-one days, having been found, in general, a greater production of gas until the twelfth day of testing, with a gradual reduction until stabilization around the twentieth day. The results obtained in laboratory show that there is a positive potential in the generation of biogas using tangerine peels in relation to the peels of other fruits researched in the literature (orange, banana, among others), with a biogas generation potential of 615.38 NmL/gSV for “ponkan” tangerine peel and 565.84 NmL/gSV for “montenegrin” tangerine peel. Brazil, due to its vast territorial extension and favorable climatic conditions, stands out in the international agricultural market and, therefore, holds great potential in the scenario of energy change. Despite the high potential of waste generated in the country, technologies for recovering organic matter are still incipient and even unknown. The results of this research are yet another contribution to reaffirm and publicize the benefits of treating organic matter via anaerobic digestion, with significant economic, social, and environmental advantages.

scholarly journals Complex Valuation of Energy from Agricultural Crops including Local Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Václav Voltr ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Luboš Nobilis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Marginal Areas

This paper provides values of economic, energy and environmental assessments of 20 crops and assesses the relationships of soil-climatic conditions in the example of the Czech Republic. The comparison of main soil quality indicators according to the configuration of land and climate regions is performed on the basis of energy and economic efficiency as well as a comparison of the level of environmental impacts. The environmental impacts are identified based on the assessment of emissions from production and also in the form of soil compaction as an indicator of the relationship to soil quality. As concerns soil properties, of major importance is soil skeleton, slope of land and the depth of soil, which cause an increase in emissions from the energy produced. Substantially better emission parameters per 1 MJ through energy crops, the cultivation of perennial crops and silage maize has been supported. Among energy crops, a positive relationship with the quality of soil is seen in alfalfa, with a significant reduction in soil penetrometric resistance; energy crops are also politically justifiable in competition with other crops intended for nutrition of population. The main advantage of energy crops for the low-carbon economy is their CO2 production to MJ, which is almost half, especially in marginal areas with lower soil depths, slopes and stoniness, which can be included in the new agricultural policy.

Alternative scenarios for the future of the Canadian boreal zone1

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W.N. Steenberg ◽  
Peter N. Duinker ◽  
Irena F. Creed ◽  
Jacqueline N. Serran ◽  
Camille Ouellet Dallaire
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy

In response to global climate change, Canada is transitioning towards a low-carbon economy and the need for policy approaches that are effective, equitable, coordinated, and both administratively and politically feasible is high. One point is clear; the transition is intimately tied to the vast supply of ecosystem services in the boreal zone of Canada. This paper describes four contrasting futures for the boreal zone using scenario analysis, which is a transdisciplinary, participatory approach that considers alternative futures and policy implications under conditions of high uncertainty and complexity. The two critical forces shaping the four scenarios are the global economy’s energy and society’s capacity to adapt. The six drivers of change are atmospheric change, the demand for provisioning ecosystem services, the demand for nonprovisioning ecosystem services, demographics, and social values, governance and geopolitics, and industrial innovation and infrastructure. The four scenarios include: (i) the Green Path, where a low-carbon economy is coupled with high adaptive capacity; (ii) the Uphill Climb, where a low-carbon economy is instead coupled with low adaptive capacity; (iii) the Carpool Lane, where society has a strong capacity to adapt but a reliance on fossil fuels; and (iv) the Slippery Slope, where there is both a high-carbon economy and a society with low adaptive capacity. The scenarios illustrate the importance of transitioning to a low-carbon economy and the role of society’s adaptive capacity in doing so. However, they also emphasize themes like social inequality and adverse environmental outcomes arising from the push towards climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Green Banking Trends: Customer Knowledge and Awareness in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
V Chitra ◽  
R Gokilavani
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Consumer Markets

Global warming is increasing; therefore, Change is the law of nature. The changes like the environmental and climatic conditions, are one of the most complicated issues faced by the growing society. The survival of the fittest contributes to the idea of adaptation to the changes in society. Today’s business is all about being green, and companies use this as a key strategy to expand its market and impact society. Even the top companies like Amazon to apple are moving in a great way towards green. The economic development lies in the palms of the banks being the financial organizations.Green banking means a financial institution, typically public or quasi-public, that uses innovative financing techniques and market development tools in partnership with the private sector to accelerate deployment of clean energy technologies. Green banks use public funds to leverage private investment in clean energy technologies that, despite being commercially viable, have struggled to establish a widespread presence in consumer markets. Green banks seek to reduce energy costs for ratepayers, stimulate private sector investment and economic activity, and expedite the transition to a low-carbon economy. Adoption of green banking practices will not only be useful for the environment but also benefit in greater operational efficiencies, minimum errors and frauds, and cost reductions in banking activities. The present paper aims to highlightIndian initiatives and adoption by various banks towards green banking in India. Further, an attempt has been made to highlight the major benefits, confronting challenges of Green Banking.

scholarly journals Should Countries Fire Sell their Oil & Gas Assets? Addressing the Mis-conceptions Surrounding the Continued Role of Fossil Fuels in the Energy Transition Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-440
Author(s):  
Victoria R. Nalule ◽  
Xiaoyi (Shawn) Mu
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Tackle Climate Change ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Carbon Economy

Access to modern energy such as electricity is key in the economic development of any country, and yet over 600 million people remain with no access to electricity in developing countries. It is true that both renewable energy and fossil fuels are key in the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development (UN SDG) Goal 7 and Goal 1 on energy access and poverty eradication respectively. However, the current global efforts to transition to a low carbon economy, and tackle climate change as stipulated in the SDG 13 and the 2015 Paris Agreement, have created a lot of tension on fossil fuel developments in recent years.This commentary article is presented as a question and answer session aimed at addressing the misconceptions surrounding the achievement of SDG 7 and SDG 13 in this energy transition era. The paper is of interest to oil producing countries. The article follows the various questions raised by policymakers during an online seminar delivered by both the authors entitled, ‘Fossil Fuels in the Energy Transition Era’.

Chemical Energy Conversion as Enabling Factor to Move to a Renewable Energy Economy

Green ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Abate ◽  
Gabriele Centi ◽  
Siglinda Perathoner
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Low Carbon Economy

AbstractThe role of chemical energy storage and solar fuels as key elements for the sustainable chemical and energy production is discussed in this concept paper. It is shown how chemical energy storage, with the development of drop-in carbon-based solar fuels, will play a central role in the future low-carbon economy, but it is necessary to consider its out-of-the-grid use, rather than being limited to be a tool for smart grids. Related aspects discussed are the possibility to: (i) enable a system of trading renewable energy on a world scale (out-of-the-grid), including the possibility to exploit actually unused remote resources, (ii) develop a solar-driven and low-carbon chemical production, which reduces the use of fossil fuels and (iii) create a distributed energy production, going beyond the actual limitations and dependence on the grid.

scholarly journals GLOBAL ENERGY GOVERNANCE THROUGH INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: ANALYSIS OF THE FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 258-278
Author(s):  
Matheus Linck Bassani
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Climate Stability ◽  
Energy Governance ◽  
Deductive Method

This paper analyzes the current factors causing an energy crisis, including depletion of the natural resources, geopolitical tensions, energy security, search for climate stability and absence of universal access to energy. Through the deductive method, the study analyzes if investments are considered as a possible solution to promote sustainable energy. It assesses the current position of intergovernmental organizations linked in some way to the topic of energy, such as the WTO, ECT, G8, G20, IEF, IEA and OPEC, to identify whether the initiatives are being developed and the political will to do so. Some organizations are connected but with limited and insufficient focus. Funding initiatives are below of what is necessary to achieve the goals considered relevant. In the absence of a global governance of energy due to the lack of sufficient cooperation and collaboration of international actors to efficiently mitigate the energy crisis. The challenge is to alter from high to low carbon economy, and the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy will contribute substantially to this transition. It concludes the necessity of cooperation between organizations such as IRENA and ONU’s programme Sustainable Energy for All, which have the potential to become catalysts for a new trend.

scholarly journals The role of Rare Earth Elements in the deployment of wind energy in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Andrés Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Critical Minerals ◽  
Carbon Economy

The deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in the global transition to a low-carbon economy and ultimately in the fight against global warming. However, this transition could face important problems because most of those technologies rely on the steady supply of critical minerals. Colombia, thanks to its hydrological resources, has relied on the hydro­power for electricity generation. However, the government has implemented measures to back-up the energy system in draught periods and, consequently, fossil fuels-based plants have increased the market share and with these, CO2 emissions. This study assesses the mineral demand in Colombia in the period 2020-2050 for the rare earth elements embedded in the deployment of wind power technologies in four different climate policy scenarios in order to establish whether they could face geological bott­lenecks that could ultimately hamper the transition to a low-carbon economy. The Gigawatts (GW) of future capacity additions in the energy system are converted into tons of metal using published metal intensities of use and assumptions of Colombia’s technological pathway. Then, the cumulated mineral demand is compared against current mining production rates and geological reserves to establish geological bottlenecks. The results show that the reserves will not pose any threat to its transition. However, when compared to current mining rates, the mineral demand in 2050 could pose a problem for the supply of minerals. Finally, this study gives some policy recommendations that could be used to mitigate these issues, such as substitution, improved circular economy and sound technological choices.

scholarly journals Integration of Catalytic Biofuel Production and Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
G. Hurst ◽  
M. Peeters ◽  
S. Tedesco
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Management Method

AbstractThe drive towards a low carbon economy will lead to an increase in new lignocellulosic biorefinery activities. Integration of biorefinery waste products into established bioenergy technologies could lead to synergies for increased bioenergy production. In this study, we show that solid residue from the acid hydrolysis production of levulinic acid, has hydrochar properties and can be utilised as an Anaerobic Digestion (AD) supplement. The addition of 6 g/L solid residue to the AD of ammonia inhibited chicken manure improved methane yields by +14.1%. The co-digestion of biorefinery waste solids and manures could be a promising solution for improving biogas production from animal manures, sustainable waste management method and possible form of carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals From Megawatts to Kilowatts: A Review of Small Wind Turbine Applications, Lessons From The US to Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Cesar Moreira Chagas ◽  
Marcio Giannini Pereira ◽  
Luiz Pinguelli Rosa ◽  
Neilton Fidelis da Silva ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Vasconcelos Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy

Increased use of fossil fuels has contributed to global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions, which has led countries to implement policies that favor the gradual replacement of their use with renewable energy sources. Wind expansion in Brazil is a success story, but its adherence to distributed generation is still a big challenge. In this context, the authors of this paper argue that the development of robust and viable distributed power grids will also depend in the future on improving small wind generation as an important alternative to the diversity of decentralized power grids. In this study, the authors present an overview of the small-sized Aeolic (or wind) energy market in Brazil, with the objective to support the debate regarding its expansion. Promoting the small wind market in Brazil is still a big challenge, but lessons can be learned from the United States. In this context, the article uses the United States learning curve, analyzing barriers that were found, as well as public policies implemented to overcome them. The lessons learned in the American market may guide public policies aimed at fostering this technology in Brazil. If technological improvements, certification and introduction of financial incentives were implemented in Brazil, the small wind industry chain could grow substantially, building a trajectory to promote the low carbon economy.

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