scholarly journals Bayesian Sequential Estimation of Proportion of Orthopaedic Surgery Among Different Age Groups: A Case Study of National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi-Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Rotimi K. Ogundeji ◽  
Ademola J. Adewara ◽  
Tajudeen S. Nurudeen
Keyword(s):  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sequential Estimation ◽  
Estimation Of Proportion ◽  
Orthopaedic Hospital

scholarly journals Case study of the beneficiary group distribution of curative care expenditure based on SHA 2011 in Xinjiang autonomous region, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043155
Author(s):  
Honghong Feng ◽  
Kai Pan ◽  
Xiaoju Li ◽  
Liwen Zhang ◽  
Lu Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Health Policy Analysis ◽  
Health Accounts ◽  
System Of Health Accounts ◽  
Xinjiang Autonomous Region

BackgroundThe System of Health Accounts 2011 (SHA 2011) assists in health policy analysis and health expenditure comparison at the international level. Based on SHA 2011, this study analysed the distribution of beneficiary groups of curative care expenditure (CCE) in Xinjiang, to present suggestions for developing health policies.MethodsA total of 160 health institutions were selected using the multistage stratified random sampling method. An analysis of the agewise CCE distribution, institutional flow, and disease distribution was then performed based on the SHA 2011 accounting framework.ResultsIn 2016, the CCE in Xinjiang was ¥50.05 billion, accounting for 70.18% of current health expenditure and 6.66% of the gross domestic product. The per capita CCE was ¥2366.56. The CCE was distributed differently across age groups, with the highest spending on people over the age of 65 years. The CCE was highest for diseases of the circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems. Most of the expenditure was incurred in hospitals and, to a lesser extent, in primary healthcare institutions. Family health expenditure, especially on children aged 14 years and below, accounted for a relatively high proportion of the CCE.ConclusionSHA 2011 was used to capture data, which was then analysed according to the newly added beneficiary dimension. The findings revealed that the use of medical resources is low, the scale of primary medical institutions needs to be significantly expanded and there is a need to optimise the CCE financing scheme. Therefore, the health policymaking department should optimise the relevant policies and improve the efficiency of health services.

scholarly journals Just Transition as a Tool for Preventing Energy Poverty among Women in Mining Areas—A Case Study of the Silesia Region, Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3372
Author(s):  
Olga Janikowska ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Major Conclusion ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Transition Strategy ◽  
Mining Regions

The inevitable energy transformation can be perceived as an opportunity and as a threat to the actions undertaken to prevent energy poverty in European mining regions. Silesia is a special exemplification of the European region whose economy has been based on coal industry for centuries. There are still about 70,000 miners and coal is also widely used for heating households. Based on developed map of jobs lost in mining and related industry and the demographic and social data the proposal of activities addressed to different group of people has been created. It was also indicated that energy poverty in Poland mainly concerns households inhabited by single women. Therefore, the major conclusion of the paper is postulated that the Just Transition strategy should be extended by issues strictly related to the situation of women in the future labor market. Additionally, the concept of a special hub for women, whose aim would be professional activation of women of various age groups, has been introduced.

scholarly journals "It Is Not Good For Man To Be Alone" The Struggle against Loneliness in Old Age: Basic Assumptions for an Integrative Operational Concept –The Israeli Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Avi Bitzur ◽  
Eran Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Limited Scale ◽  
Operational Concept

The widespread expression saying that "loneliness is the No. 1 enemy of old age" has, in the 21st century, becomes obvious and banal now that suicide rates among the elderly in many countries and in Israel, the case study for this paper, is higher than among other age groups in those countries.Loneliness itself, its ramifications, consequences, and implications on the lives of the elderly have made it a dominant factor in terms of its potential damage.Old age and loneliness have been the subjects of many different definitions, studies and theories, but despite the quantity and quality of these attempts worldwide, and particularly in Israeli research, there is a conspicuous lack of any comprehensive plan that would address the implications and destructive effects of the loneliness experienced by the elderly. Many limited-scale programs exist on a local level, but they fail to address the clear need to eradicate menacing loneliness.The authors of this essay plan to outline basic principles for designing an operational concept for a national plan to combat the consequences and effects of depression among the elderly, using Israel as an example.This paper will begin with a review of the definitions and literature on the phenomenon of depression, and a review of the literature dealing with the unhealthy connection between old age and depression. We will then review various programs worldwide that deal with the phenomenon of loneliness and old age; continue to present data on the effects of loneliness on elderly Israelis; present various Israeli programs and projects that attempt to deal with this phenomenon; and conclude by detailing the proposed principles for a comprehensive operational approach that maps out this painful phenomenon in Israel and proposes a plan of action on how to best deal with it.

Impact of the War in Croatia (1991-1995) on the Differentiation of Age Structure between Serbs and Croats: A Case Study of the Banija Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kovjanić ◽  
Mila Pavlović ◽  
Vedran Živanović ◽  
Filip Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aging is the subject of various studies by the scientific community and monitoring by responsible institutions. The intensity of aging and the proportion of age groups among various communities differ due to different socio-economic conditions and characteristics. This article researches the impact of the war in Croatia 1991–1995 and postwar living conditions on the divergence of population aging in the ethnically heterogeneous Banija region. The first postwar census in 2001 recorded a population decline of 44.9% compared to the 1991 census. We analyze the effects of the war on changes in ethnic and age structure, as well as their interrelations. The quantitative and qualitative magnitude of these demographic changes in the inter-census period had a decisive influence on the correlation of age and ethnic structure. The article examines whether the relative share of Serbs or Croats in the total population of a settlement affects the average age of the settlement. The results confirmed that the Serbs are older than the Croats, and are in the phase of the most advanced demographic age. These changes raise the question of the demographic future and the biological viability of the Serbs, who were the majority in the region before the war.

Disease and Death, 1925–69

Before HIV ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Educational Provision ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes ◽  
Demographic Effects

This chapter argues that while mortality levels fell at different times for different age groups in the three case study areas, what is most surprising about the pattern of morbidity and mortality in this region is that life expectancy in Ankole seems to have improved as fast as in the other societies. Yet Buganda and Buhaya enjoyed huge advantages in terms of medical and educational provision, and cash income. The case of Ankole emphasizes the significance of livestock, relative equality, preventive medicine, and low levels of malaria in offsetting the demographic effects of cash poverty and peripherality in colonial Africa, while the examples of Buganda and Buhaya illustrate the negative consequences of modernization, especially for child health, due to high levels of divorce, fostering, and bottle-feeding. Evidence from these societies also reveals unexpected outcomes associated with female education, income levels, and discrete medical campaigns.

Impact of Digital Marketing on ICDL 2016 Event Promotion

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Reeta Sharma ◽  
P. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Shantanu Ganguly ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
The World ◽  
Knowledge Economies ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
User Friendly

Today's world is technology-driven. Technology has penetrated almost every sphere of human life. Digital marking is one of the technologies that have attracted people from different age groups all over the world with their advanced nature of applications and uses. One of the foremost reasons why patrons like to use this technology is because these are not only user-friendly in nature and innovativeness but also carry the knowledge economies. Marketing and branding through digital media channels are very decent ventures that have steadily increased in value and are thereby considered safe and secure investments. In this chapter, the authors discuss a case study of ICDL 2016 conference where social media and other technology is widely used to market this event and catch prospective users.

scholarly journals Perception of Environmental Education and Awareness Among Mass People: A Case Study of Tangail District

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Mamun ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
M Aktar ◽  
MR Hossain ◽  
ASM Saifullah
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
The Status ◽  
Education And Awareness

At present environmental education is emerging across the globe although this is a quite new phenomenon in Bangladesh. The present study was attempted to know about the environmental education and awareness among the mass people of Tangail town. In order to conduct this research, a questionnaire survey was carried out and interview was undertaken among 100 respondents in Tangail District. This paper describes some findings to understand the status of environmental awareness among people of different age groups of Tangail district. Moreover, this paper enables to provide some suggestions to extend environmental education and awareness to make a decent and ethical life as well as to keep the environment sustainable.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14828 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 263-266 2012

scholarly journals Beyond standardized mortality ratios; some uses of smoothed age-specific mortality rates on small areas studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Perez-Panades ◽  
Paloma Botella-Rocamora ◽  
Miguel Angel Martinez-Beneito
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
First Case ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Abstract Background Most epidemiological risk indicators strongly depend on the age composition of populations, which makes the direct comparison of raw (unstandardized) indicators misleading because of the different age structures of the spatial units of study. Age-standardized rates (ASR) are a common solution for overcoming this confusing effect. The main drawback of ASRs is that they depend on age-specific rates which, when working with small areas, are often based on very few, or no, observed cases for most age groups. A similar effect occurs with life expectancy at birth and many more epidemiological indicators, which makes standardized mortality ratios (SMR) the omnipresent risk indicator for small areas epidemiologic studies. Methods To deal with this issue, a multivariate smoothing model, the M-model, is proposed in order to fit the age-specific probabilities of death (PoDs) for each spatial unit, which assumes dependence between closer age groups and spatial units. This age–space dependence structure enables information to be transferred between neighboring consecutive age groups and neighboring areas, at the same time, providing more reliable age-specific PoDs estimates. Results Three case studies are presented to illustrate the wide range of applications that smoothed age specific PoDs have in practice . The first case study shows the application of the model to a geographical study of lung cancer mortality in women. This study illustrates the convenience of considering age–space interactions in geographical studies and to explore the different spatial risk patterns shown by the different age groups. Second, the model is also applied to the study of ischaemic heart disease mortality in women in two cities at the census tract level. Smoothed age-standardized rates are derived and compared for the census tracts of both cities, illustrating some advantages of this mortality indicator over traditional SMRs. In the latest case study, the model is applied to estimate smoothed life expectancy (LE), which is the most widely used synthetic indicator for characterizing overall mortality differences when (not so small) spatial units are considered. Conclusion Our age–space model is an appropriate and flexible proposal that provides more reliable estimates of the probabilities of death, which allow the calculation of enhanced epidemiological indicators (smoothed ASR, smoothed LE), thus providing alternatives to traditional SMR-based studies of small areas.

scholarly journals Robotics as a Support Tool for Experimental Optimisation of Surgical Strategies in Orthopaedic Surgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-239
Author(s):  
Manel Frigola ◽  
Manuel Vinagre ◽  
Alicia Casals ◽  
Josep Amat ◽  
Fernando Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Surgical Strategies ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Interface Devices

Robotics has shown its potential not only in assisting the surgeon during an intervention but also as a tool for training and for surgical procedure's evaluation. Thus, robotics can constitute an extension of simulators that are based on the high capabilities of computer graphics. In addition, haptics has taken a first step in increasing the performance of current virtual reality systems based uniquely on computer simulation and their corresponding interface devices. As a further step in the field of training and learning in surgery, this work describes a robotic experimental workstation composed of robots and specific measuring devices, together with their corresponding control and monitoring strategies for orthopaedic surgery. Through a case study, humerus arthroplasty, experimental evaluation shows the possibilities of having a test bed available for repetitive and quantifiable trials, which make a reliable scientific comparison between different surgical strategies possible.

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