scholarly journals Weed resistance to herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Sava Vrbničanin
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Weed Resistance

Weed resistance to herbicides represents the acquired resistance of individuals to complete the life cycle and leave offspring in the conditions of extended exposure to the same herbicide, i.e. herbicides of the same mechanism of action to which they were sensitive at the beginning of the application. Based on the herbicide resistance mechanisms, all processes can be grouped as follows: target-site resistance, non-target-site resistance, cross-resistance and multiple-resistance. Currently, herbicide resistance has been reported in 514 cases (species x site of action) worldwide, in 262 weed species (152 dicotyledons, 110 monocotyledons). Many of those biotypes are resistant to als inhibitors, PS II inhibitors, EPSPS inhibitors and ACC-ase inhibitors. The higher degree of resistance to als inhibitors has been confirmed in the following weed species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Sorghum halepense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Helianthus annuus.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Herbicide Resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Délye ◽  
Arnaud Duhoux ◽  
Fanny Pernin ◽  
Chance W. Riggins ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Target Protein ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Herbicide Binding ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Increased Activity

Resistance to herbicides occurs in weeds as the result of evolutionary adaptation (Jasieniuk et al. 1996). Basically, two types of mechanisms are involved in resistance (Beckie and Tardif 2012; Délye 2013). Target-site resistance (TSR) is caused by changes in the tridimensional structure of the herbicide target protein that decrease herbicide binding, or by increased activity (e.g., due to increased expression or increased intrinsic activity) of the target protein. Nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) is endowed by any mechanism not belonging to TSR, e.g., reduction in herbicide uptake or translocation in the plant, or enhanced herbicide detoxification (reviewed in Délye 2013; Yuan et al. 2007).

scholarly journals Origin, mechanism and molecular basis of weed resistance to herbicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chodová ◽  
J. Mikulka ◽  
M. Kočová ◽  
J. Salava
Keyword(s):  
D1 Protein ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Weed Resistance

This review summarises information from the literature and experimental experience of the authors in research on weed resistance to herbicides. Factors conditioning the origin of resistance are described. The origin of resistant weeds to nine active ingredients with a different mode of action is presented chronologically, and the distribution of resistant weeds around the world outlined. The fundamental modes of action: reduction of the target site sensitivity, so-called "target site resistance", and the mode by which a herbicide is metabolised into inactive products, are listed. Function and genetic modifications of target sites of selected herbicides are described. Czech biotypes of resistant weeds with a mutation at codon 264 of the psbA gene encoding the D1 protein and at codon 574 of the acetolactate synthase gene are presented.

scholarly journals Non-Target-Site Resistance to Herbicides: Recent Developments

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jugulam ◽  
Shyam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Selection Of

Non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in weeds can be conferred as a result of the alteration of one or more physiological processes, including herbicide absorption, translocation, sequestration, and metabolism. The mechanisms of NTSR are generally more complex to decipher than target-site resistance (TSR) and can impart cross-resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. Metabolism-based NTSR has been reported in many agriculturally important weeds, although reduced translocation and sequestration of herbicides has also been found in some weeds. This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of NTSR mechanisms found in weed species. Further, the importance of examining the co-existence of TSR and NTSR for the same herbicide in the same weed species and influence of environmental conditions in the altering and selection of NTSR is also discussed. Knowledge of the prevalence of NTSR mechanisms and co-existing TSR and NTSR in weeds is crucial for designing sustainable weed management strategies to discourage the further evolution and selection of herbicide resistance in weeds.

Synergistic Effects of Atrazine and Mesotrione on Susceptible and Resistant Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) Populations and the Potential for Overcoming Resistance to Triazine Herbicides

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
Karrie Stratford ◽  
Kent Stone ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Target Site Resistance

The synergistic interaction between mesotrione, a hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide, and atrazine, a photosystem II (PS II)-inhibiting herbicide, has been identified in the control of several weed species. A series of dose–response studies examined the synergistic effect of these herbicides on a susceptible (S) wild radish population. The potential for this interaction to overcome target-sitepsbA gene-based atrazine resistance in a resistant (R) wild radish population was also investigated. Control of S wild radish with atrazine was enhanced by up to 40% when low rates (1.0 to 1.5 g ha−1) of mesotrione were applied in combination. This synergistic response was demonstrated across a range of atrazine–mesotrione rate combinations on this S wild radish population. Further, the efficacy of 1.5 g ha−1mesotrione increased control of the R population by a further 60% when applied in combination with 400 g ha−1of atrazine. This result clearly demonstrated the synergistic interaction of these herbicides in overcoming the target-site resistance mechanism. The mechanism responsible for the observed synergistic interaction between mesotrione and atrazine remains unknown. However, it is speculated that an alternate atrazine binding site may be responsible. Regardless of the biochemical nature of this interaction, evidence from whole-plant bioassays clearly demonstrated that synergistic herbicide combinations improve herbicide efficiency, with lower application rates required to control weed populations. This, combined with the potential to overcomepsbA gene-based triazine resistance, and, thereby, regain the use of these herbicides, will result in more sustainable herbicide use.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant weeds in turfgrass: current status and emerging threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Target Site Resistance

AbstractHerbicide-resistant weeds pose a severe threat to sustainable vegetation management in various production systems worldwide. The majority of the herbicide resistance cases reported thus far originate from agronomic production systems where herbicide use is intensive, especially in industrialized countries. Another notable sector with heavy reliance on herbicides for weed control is managed turfgrass systems, particularly golf courses and athletic fields. Intensive use of herbicides, coupled with a lack of tillage and other mechanical tools that are options in agronomic systems, increases the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds evolving in managed turfgrass systems. Among the notable weed species at high risk for evolving resistance under managed turf systems in the United States are annual bluegrass, goosegrass, and crabgrasses. The evolution and spread of multiple herbicide resistance, an emerging threat facing the turfgrass industry, should be addressed with the use of diversified management tools. Target-site resistance has been reported commonly as a mechanism of resistance for many herbicide groups, though non–target site resistance is an emerging concern. Despite the anecdotal evidence of the mounting weed resistance issues in managed turf systems, the lack of systematic and periodic surveys at regional and national scales means that confirmed reports are very limited and sparse. Furthermore, currently available information is widely scattered in the literature. This review provides a concise summary of the current status of herbicide-resistant weeds in managed turfgrass systems in the United States and highlights key emerging threats.

Metabolism-Based Herbicide Resistance, the Major Threat Among the Non-Target Site Resistance Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Carlos A. G. Rigon ◽  
Todd A. Gaines ◽  
Anita Küpper ◽  
Franck E. Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Degradation ◽  
Varied Chemical ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Global Food

Evolution of resistance to pesticides is a problem challenging the sustainability of global food production. Resistance to herbicides is driven by the intense selection pressure imparted by synthetic herbicides on which we rely to manage weeds. Target-site resistance (TSR) mechanisms involve changes to the herbicide target protein and provide resistance only to herbicides within a single mechanism of action. Non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms reduce the quantity of herbicide reaching the target site and/or modify the herbicide. NTSR mechanisms include reduced absorption and/or translocation, increased sequestration, and enhanced metabolic degradation. Of these diverse mechanisms contributing to NTSR, metabolism-based herbicide resistance represents a major threat because it can impart resistance to herbicides from varied chemical classes across any number of mechanisms of action.

Controlling Herbicide-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Phenotypes with Methiozolin

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Sarah L. Boggess ◽  
Margaret A. Staton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitors ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Als Inhibitors

Methiozolin is an isoxazoline herbicide being investigated for selective POST annual bluegrass control in managed turfgrass. Research was conducted to evaluate methiozolin efficacy for controlling two annual bluegrass phenotypes with target-site resistance to photosystem II (PSII) or enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibiting herbicides (i.e., glyphosate), as well as phenotypes with multiple resistance to microtubule and EPSPS or PSII and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. All resistant phenotypes were established in glasshouse culture along with a known herbicide-susceptible control and treated with methiozolin at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, or 8000 g ai ha−1. Methiozolin effectively controlled annual bluegrass with target-site resistance to inhibitors of EPSPS, PSII, as well as multiple resistance to EPSPS and microtubule inhibitors. Methiozolin rates required to reduce aboveground biomass of these resistant phenotypes 50% (GR50 values) were not significantly different from the susceptible control, ranging from 159 to 421 g ha−1. A phenotype with target-site resistance to PSII and ALS inhibitors was less sensitive to methiozolin (GR50=862 g ha−1) than a susceptible phenotype (GR50=423 g ha−1). Our findings indicate that methiozolin is an effective option for controlling select annual bluegrass phenotypes with target-site resistance to several herbicides.

A Review of Herbicide Resistance in Iran

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Gherekhloo ◽  
Mostafa Oveisi ◽  
Eskandar Zand ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Continuous Use

Continuous use of herbicides has triggered a phenomenon called herbicide resistance. Nowadays, herbicide resistance is a worldwide problem that threatens sustainable agriculture. A study of over a decade on herbicides in Iran has revealed that herbicide resistance has been occurring since 2004 in some weed species. Almost all the results of these studies have been published in national scientific journals and in conference proceedings on the subject. In the current review, studies on herbicide resistance in Iran were included to provide a perspective of developing weed resistance to herbicides for international scientists. More than 70% of arable land in Iran is given over to cultivation of wheat, barley, and rice; wheat alone covers nearly 52%. Within the past 40 years, 108 herbicides from different groups of modes of action have been registered in Iran, of which 28 are for the selective control of weeds in wheat and barley. Major resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides has been shown in some weed species, such as winter wild oat, wild oat, littleseed canarygrass, hood canarygrass, and rigid ryegrass. With respect to the broad area of wheat crop production and continuous use of herbicides with the sole mechanism of action of ACCase inhibition, the provinces of West Azerbaijan, Tehran, Khorasan, Isfahan, Markazi, and Semnan are at risk of resistance development. In addition, because of continuous long-term use of tribenuron-methyl, resistance in broadleaf species is also being developed. Evidence has recently shown resistance of turnipweed and wild mustard populations to this herbicide. Stable monitoring of fields in doubtful areas and providing good education and training for technicians and farmers to practice integrated methods would help to prevent or delay the development of resistance to herbicides.

scholarly journals A high diversity of mechanisms endows ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Loubet ◽  
Laëtitia Caddoux ◽  
Séverine Fontaine ◽  
Séverine Michel ◽  
Fanny Pernin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Target Site Resistance

AbstractAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) is a globally invasive, allergenic, troublesome arable weed. ALS-inhibiting herbicides are broadly used in Europe to control ragweed in agricultural fields. Recently, ineffective treatments were reported in France. Target site resistance (TSR), the only resistance mechanism described so far for ragweed, was sought using high-throughput genotyping-by-sequencing in 213 field populations randomly sampled based on ragweed presence. Additionally, non-target site resistance (NTSR) was sought and its prevalence compared with that of TSR in 43 additional field populations where ALS inhibitor failure was reported, using herbicide sensitivity bioassay coupled with ALS gene Sanger sequencing. Resistance was identified in 46 populations and multiple, independent resistance evolution demonstrated across France. We revealed an unsuspected diversity of ALS alleles underlying resistance (9 amino-acid substitutions involved in TSR detected across 24 populations). Remarkably, NTSR was ragweed major type of resistance to ALS inhibitors. NTSR was present in 70.5% of the resistant plants and 74.1% of the fields harbouring resistance. A variety of NTSR mechanisms endowing different resistance patterns evolved across populations. Our study provides novel data on ragweed resistance to herbicides, and emphasises that local resistance management is as important as mitigating gene flow from populations where resistance has arisen.

Target and Non–target site Mechanisms Confer Resistance to Glyphosate in Canadian Accessions ofConyza canadensis

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Page ◽  
Christopher M. Grainger ◽  
Martin Laforest ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Istvan Rajcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Growing Region ◽  
Selection Of

Glyphosate-resistant populations ofConyza canadensishave been spreading at a rapid rate in Ontario, Canada, since first being documented in 2010. Determining the genetic relationship among existing Ontario populations is necessary to understand the spread and selection of the resistant biotypes. The objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize the genetic variation ofC. canadensisaccessions from the province of Ontario using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and (2) investigate the molecular mechanism (s) conferring resistance in these accessions. Ninety-eightC. canadensisaccessions were genotyped using 8 SSR markers. Germinable accessions were challenged with glyphosate to determine their dose response, and the sequences of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase genes 1 and 2 were obtained. Results indicate that a majority of glyphosate-resistant accessions from Ontario possessed a proline to serine substitution at position 106, which has previously been reported to confer glyphosate resistance in other crop and weed species. Accessions possessing this substitution demonstrated notably higher levels of resistance than non–target site resistant (NTSR) accessions from within or outside the growing region and were observed to form a subpopulation genetically distinct from geographically proximate glyphosate-susceptible and NTSR accessions. Although it is unclear whether other non–target site resistance mechanisms are contributing to the levels of resistance observed in target-site resistant accessions, these results indicate that, at a minimum, selection for Pro-106-Ser has occurred in addition to selection for non–target site resistance and has significantly enhanced the levels of resistance to glyphosate inC. canadensisaccessions from Ontario.

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