scholarly journals Allelopathic properties of plant extracts as potential bioherbicides

Biljni lekar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Dragana Bošković
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Control Chemical ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Weeds are constant companions of plant production. For their control chemical substances, ie herbicides are used. In addition to a number of properties, the use of herbicides has numerous consequences, for the living world and for the environment, as well. Considering their negative effects, there is a need to find alternative methods of weed control. In recent decades, numerous researches have been done within the framework of biologically and eco-friendlier acceptable ways of controlling various pests, including weeds. Bioherbicides are compounds that contain microorganisms (such as bacteria or fungi), products of their metabolism, or plant extracts that have an effect on certain weed species. In this paper, the application of plant extracts that show allelopathic effects, as potential bioherbicides, in modern agricultural production, will be discussed.

scholarly journals Mulch Type and Depth Influences Control of Three Major Weed Species in Nursery Container Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Bartley ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Anna-Marie Murphy ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Container Production

Two commonly used management practices for weed control in container plant production are hand pulling and herbicide applications. There are problems associated with these methods including crop phytotoxicity and environmental concerns associated with off-target movement of herbicides. Other nonchemical weed control methods could reduce herbicide-based environmental concerns, mitigate herbicide-resistance development, and improve the overall level of weed control in container nursery production. Readily available tree-mulch species, eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), ground whole loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) were harvested, chipped, and evaluated at multiple depths with and without the herbicide dimethenamid-p. Pine bark mini-nuggets were also evaluated. Mulches were applied at depths of 1, 2, and 4 inches and evaluated over three 30-day periods for their effectiveness in suppressing spotted spurge (Chamaesyce maculata), long-stalked phyllanthus (Phyllanthus tenellus), and eclipta (Eclipta prostrata). After 30 days, herbicide/mulch combinations, as well as mulch treatments alone, had reduced weed fresh weight 82% to 100% with 1 inch of mulch. By 168 days after treatment, dimethenamid-p had lost all efficacy, and mulch depth was the only factor that still had significant effects, reducing spotted spurge fresh weight by 90%, 99.5%, and 100% with depths of 1, 2, and 4 inches, respectively. The economics of mulch weed control will depend on variables such as available time, nursery layout, location, and availability of resources, equipment, among others. Regardless of variable economic parameters, data from this study reveals that any of these potential mulch species applied at a depth of at least 2 inches will provide long-term weed control in nursery container production.

scholarly journals Effects of Woody Mulches and Dimethenamid-P on Container Grown Ligustrum japonicum and Viburnum macrocephalum

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Paul C. Bartley ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Anna-Marie Murphy ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Container Plant

Current weed control practices in nursery container plant production consist primarily of hand weeding and application of preemergence herbicides. Non-chemical weed control methods, such as mulches, could reduce herbicide use, reduce potential environmental concerns from offsite herbicide movement, and decrease the expense of weed control. Before implementation, alternative methods of weed control must be evaluated for effects on the growth of common container-grown species. Mulches made from readily available tree species, including eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), ground whole loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), were evaluated at multiple depths with and without the herbicide dimethenamid-P (Tower®). Wax-leaf ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum) and snowball viburnum (Viburnum macrocephalum) treated with dimethenamid-P, averaged over mulch treatments, had up to 7% less growth compared to non-herbicide treated plants, but marketability was not affected. Mulch species and depth had no effect on plant growth. Results indicate that these readily available mulch species can be applied at depths up to 10.2 cm (4 in) for weed control in container plant production.

scholarly journals Microbial Metabolites Powered by Nanoparticles could be Used as Pesticides in Future? (NanoBioPecdicides)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Neslihan Dikbaş ◽  
Kağan Tolga Cinisli
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Human And Nature

Aims: Pests are one of the factors that cause problems in plant production. Many methods are used in the fight against economically damaging insects. Mixtures of various substances are used to reduce the negative effects of harmful organisms and to control them. These substances, called pesticides, often have a chemical origin, because they have many direct and indirect damages to human and nature. In the future, thanks to the encapsulation of microbial metabolites into nanoparticles, it is likely that nano-biopesticides based on new nanobiotechnological methods will emerge as alternatives to conventional pesticides. Opinion: Could the bacterial origin chitinase enzyme (Nano-Bio formulation) immobilize to zinc oxide nanoparticles be used against harmful insects in agricultural production in the future? Can it be used to break down the chitin structure in the intestinal cells of harmful insects, suppress intestinal enzymes that are important to insects (LDH, AT, AP) and cause death by breaking down the throat? Call to the Future: New pesticide formulations can be created as a renewable natural product against plant pests using various protein structures that humans produce from microorganisms isolated from their gene sources. The stabilization of the product can be maintained by immobilizing the nanoparticles to increase the effectiveness of the pest. Thus, the risk potential of pollution created by traditional pesticides will be reduced. The use of Nano-bio pesticides will bring a different perspective in the field of industry. By establishing various production centres based on bioprocesses of renewable resources, it can lead to an effective struggle in agricultural production and increase global employment on a global scale. What do we have to do?: As scientists, believing in the power of microorganisms, the investigation of the potential of microbial metabolites to be used as pesticides and their effectiveness and stability with nanoparticles is important for the 10-year process ahead.

scholarly journals Mulch Depth Affects Weed Germination

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Diana R. Cochran ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Patricia R. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Container Nurseries ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Container Plant

Abstract With environmental concerns increasing, non-chemical weed control in container plant production is increasing in the United States. Pine bark mini-nuggets were evaluated as a non-chemical weed control technique for two weed species; Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small (spotted spurge) and Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.(eclipta). On June 19, 2006, seed (25 per container) were directly placed on the potting substrate surface of #3 containers before mulching with pine bark mini-nuggets to a depth of either 0, 1.27 or 2.54 cm (0, 0.5 or 1.0 in). Additional treatments consisted of applying the mini-nugget mulch at either 1.27 or 2.54 cm (0.5 or 1.0 in) on the potting substrate then overseeding with either spotted spurge or eclipta. Eclipta number per container were 87% less 60 days after seeding (DAS) with the 1.0 in mulch depth compared to non-mulched. Furthermore, spotted spurge fresh weight (FW) was reduced by 45 and 87% (0.5 and 1.0 in, respectively) compared to the non-mulched treatment. The experiment was repeated on August 30 and spurge number per container was 90% less 60 DAS in the 1.0 inch mulch treatment compared to the non-treated containers. A third and fourth experiment also demonstrated that pine bark mini-nuggets have potential to provide non-chemical weed control in nursery crops grown in #3 containers. Results, suggest that with proper application pine bark mini-nuggets can enhance weed control in container nurseries.

On the diversity of the effects of the state support for agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Svetlov ◽  
Renata G. Yanbykh ◽  
Dariya A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Support ◽  
Soft Budget Constraints ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Corporate Farms

In this paper, we assess the effects of agricultural state support of corporate farms on their revenues from agricultural production sales in 14 Russian regions that differ in technology, environment and institutional conditions. In addition to the direct effect of the state support, the indirect effects via labor and capital are revealed. For this purpose, we identify production functions and statistical models of production factors for each of these regions separately. We find out diverse effects of the state support on revenues among the regions. Positive effects prevail. Negative effects are mainly caused by labor reductions that follow subsidy inflows. Another cause of negative effects is the soft budget constraints phenomenon.

Influence of NPK fertilization on weed flora in maize field

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
M. Kamuti ◽  
N. Mazsu ◽  
J. Tamás ◽  
D. Sáringer-Kenyeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Maize Field ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Plant nutrition is one of the most important intensification factors of crop production. The utilization of nutrients, however, may be modified by a number of production factors, including weed presence. Thus, the knowledge of occurring weed species, their abundance, nutrient and water uptake is extremely important to establish an appropriate basis for the evaluation of their risks or negative effects on crops. That is why investigations were carried out in a long-term fertilization experiment on the influence of different nutrient supplies (Ø, PK, NK, NPK) on weed flora in maize field.The weed surveys recorded similar diversity on the experimental area: the species of A. artemisiifolia, S. halepense and D. stramonium were dominant, but C. album and C. hybridum were also common. These species and H. annuus were the most abundant weeds.Based on the totalized and average data of all treatments, density followed the same tendency in the experimental years. It was the highest in the PK treated and untreated plots, and significantly exceeded the values of NK fertilized areas. Presumably the better N availability promoted the development of nitrophilic weeds, while the mortality of other small species increased.Winter wheat and maize forecrops had no visible influence on the diversity and the intensity of weediness. On the contrary, there were consistent differences in the density of certain weed species in accordance to the applied nutrients. A. artemisiifolia was present in the largest number in the untreated control and PK fertilized plots. The density of S. halepense and H. annuus was also significantly higher in the control areas. The number of their individuals was smaller in those plots where N containing fertilizers were used. Contrary to them, the density of D. stramonium, C. album and C. hybridum was the highest in the NPK treatments.

Processes of import substitution in the market of meat and dairy products in the context of economic policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
T.N. Belova ◽  
V.S. Konkina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Dairy Markets ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Key Indicators

In article the complex assessment of modern policy of import substitution in the sphere of the agrofood market based on balance of its positive and negative effects is given. According to Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service the complex dynamic analysis of the meat and dairy markets in the context of key indicators — the price, import, export is carried out. Relationships of cause and effect of change of a condition of the food market in connection with introduction of economic sanctions are revealed. The conclusion that the policy of import substitution has to consider the potential risks and threats connected as with the possible accompanying growth of the food prices and deterioration of the food status of the least provided groups of the population, and with technical and technological dependence of domestic agricultural production on a foreign market is drawn. The main directions in which programs of support and stimulation are necessary are formulated.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

Establishing white clover (Trifolium repens) as a living mulch: weed control and herbicide tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Basinger ◽  
Nicholas S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Weed Emergence

Abstract With the increasing focus on herbicide-resistant weeds and the lack of introduction of new modes of action, many producers have turned to annual cover crops as a tool for reducing weed populations. Recent studies have suggested that perennial cover crops such as white clover could be used as living mulch. However, white clover is slow to establish and is susceptible to competition from winter weeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine clover tolerance and weed control in established stands of white clover to several herbicides. Studies were conducted in the fall and winter of 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 at the J. Phil Campbell Research and Education Center in Watkinsville, GA, and the Southeast Georgia Research and Education Center in Midville, GA. POST applications of imazethapyr, bentazon, or flumetsulam at low and high rates, or in combination with 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, were applied when clover reached 2 to 3 trifoliate stage. Six weeks after the initial POST application, a sequential application of bentazon and flumetsulam individually, and combinations of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, and flumetsulam were applied over designated plots. Clover biomass was similar across all treatments except where it was reduced by sequential applications of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB + flumetsulam in the 2019 to 2020 season indicating that most treatments were safe for use on establishing living mulch clover. A single application of flumetsulam at the low rate or a single application of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB provided the greatest control of all weed species while minimizing clover injury when compared to the non-treated check. These herbicide options allow for control of problematic winter weeds during clover establishment, maximizing clover biomass and limiting canopy gaps that would allow for summer weed emergence.

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