scholarly journals World economic situation and China's new development pattern against background of COVID-19

Napredak ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Ding Yifan
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
Strong State ◽  
New Development

The COVID pandemic has devastated the world economy, which has also caused serious slumps in Western developed countries. Although they have adopted "ultra-easy" monetary policy, the real economy did not emerge from recessions because of it and a global "liquidity bubble" was caused instead. The economic recession caused by the pandemic in developed countries may last for years. The governments of some countries in the United States and Europe have adopted strong state intervention methods to control the investment and trade behaviors of enterprises, then force them to "decouple" from China. Based on an objective analysis of the current international situation, China has actively taken countermeasures: on the one hand, it emphasizes mainly relying on the "domestic economic cycle" to maintain growth momentum. And on the other hand, it develops an "international economic cycle" that focus on China`s economy. Establishing a "dual circulation" new development pattern, in which domestic economic cycle plays a leading role while international economic cycle remains its extension and supplement, is a major strategic choice for achieving high-quality economic development.

scholarly journals Is the Resource Curse Thesis Affect Only Least Developed Countries? Examples from Resource-Rich Developed Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Bal ◽  
Berk Palandökenlier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Indirect Transmission

Whether the Dutch Disease thesis, which is one of the best-known economic explanations on this subject, which puts forward the thesis that countries rich in natural resources can have negative effects on long-term economic growth, directly or indirectly, depending on the way they are used, is valid or not. tried to be demonstrated. The Dutch disease thesis is one of the main explanations for resource misfortune, emphasizing the negative effects of resource abundance on the national economy in countries with rich resource endowments and pointing to a paradox that economic conditions will be better in countries that do not have relatively little (or scarce) natural resources. is happening. Therefore, in our study, it is aimed to investigate whether resource richness causes an economic recession or not, especially for developed countries by considering indirect transmission channels. In this context, 11 developed countries such as Netherlands, Norway, Ireland, Germany, New Zealand, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Poland, the United Kingdom, and Denmark, between 1990 and 2019, are based on the experiences of developed countries, which are especially rich in different sources of Dutch Disease syndrome. The country has been researched with static and dynamic panel analysis methods. As a result of the estimation, findings were found that the Dutch Disease was partially valid in terms of developed country samples throughout the sample period considered.

scholarly journals Changes in the taxation of personal and corporate income in developed countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoš Vítek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Personal Taxation

Over the past ten years, the tax policies have responded in two stages: for the period of a swift economic growth by 2008, and during the rapid economic recession over the period of 2009–2010. In the first part of the paper, we summarise changes in the businesses environment in developed countries. In its second part, the paper discuses changes of the personal and corporate taxation in developed countries, their structure and impacts of the economic crisis on the tax revenues and tax structures. The last part analyses and discusses changes in the tax policy in the field of business and labour taxation. Our results show that the business taxation, compared to the personal taxation, depends stronger on the economic cycle. Although the structure of tax revenues in the developed countries has not changed significantly over the past ten years, decreasing of the personal and corporate tax rates has stopped.

Economic Superpower in an Age of Limits

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-298
Author(s):  
Yu Takeda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Perceptual Changes

This paper examines macroeconomic policy coordination between Japan and the United States under the locomotive strategy from 1977 to 1979. Previous studies have described the strategy as a fiasco because of its negative economic impact. In fact, the Japanese government, after two years of stimulus packages, quit trying to be a locomotive bringing other developed countries out of their economic difficulties and the u.s. government admitted it in 1979. On the other hand, as this article shows, bilateral cooperation with the United States under this strategy expanded the roles and burdens of Japan, an emerging economic superpower, in international economic policy coordination. Japan’s efforts to implement the strategy made the u.s. government believe that Tokyo would continue to respond to its request to bear larger international responsibilities, while it also increased awareness of Japan’s global role in Tokyo. These bilateral perceptual changes paved the way for subsequent policy coordination and Japan’s assumption of greater burdens, notably the adoption of large-scale stimulus packages under belt-tightening budgets.

scholarly journals Russian and Foreign Experience of Anti-Crisis Planning of 2008–2010 and Efficiency Estimation of Conducted Anti-Crisis Programs

Upravlenie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Шакиров ◽  
A. Shakirov ◽  
Синяева ◽  
O. Sinyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
The Russian Federation

Another crisis requires mobilization of all knowledge, including experience of the mistakes. The crisis of 2008 is the actual guidance for minimizing crisis consequences. Of course, the reasons for the current and the previous crisis are fundamentally different, and are mostly regional rather than global, by nature. But the consequences for both are the same – fall of living standards, the collapse of the banking system, reduction of economic diversification. That is why it becomes so important for government to make both a rational and effective anti-crisis plan. The global financial crisis of 2008, which is under our consideration, originated in the United States as a result of the mortgage crisis. The phenomenon was spreading rapidly in the rest of the world. In particular, Russia immediately took a number of measures to reduce the negative effects in the first months. Subsequently, all the activities have merged into a single set of measures called “Anti-crisis program of the Russian Federation” (2009) and “The main directions of anti-crisis measures of the Russian Federation for 2010”. Programs had both positive and negative effects on the economic recovery. However, in total, they have helped Russia to overcome the crisis stage without catastrophic losses, which was even noted by the World Bank. The experience of some foreign countries is also subject to review because of their effectiveness and difference from the Russian one. It also complements the picture of the anti-crisis measures and makes it more solid and global. Tracing the history of the 2008 crisis, we can conclude that the state, fighting the crisis phenomena, was concerned with statistical indicators only, without regard for the lives of their citizens. In this scenario, the developed countries must learn to overcome the crisis with minimal state intervention, but a strong motivating effect.

Global Financial Crisis and Its Impact on Russia

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kudrin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Real

The article examines the causes of origin and manifestation of the current global financial crisis and the policies adopted in developed countries in 2007—2008 to deal with it. It considers the effects of the financial crisis on Russia’s economy and monetary policy of the Central Bank in the current conditions as well as the main guidelines for the fiscal policy under different energy prices. The measures for fighting the crisis that the Russian government and the Central Bank use to support the real economy are described.

The Washington Consensus, liberal ideas and terms of the military-technological policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2103-2123
Author(s):  
V.L. Gladyshevskii ◽  
E.V. Gorgola ◽  
D.V. Khudyakov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
The Military

Subject. In the twentieth century, the most developed countries formed a permanent military economy represented by military-industrial complexes, which began to perform almost a system-forming role in national economies, acting as the basis for ensuring national security, and being an independent military and political force. The United States is pursuing a pronounced militaristic policy, has almost begun to unleash a new "cold war" against Russia and to unwind the arms race, on the one hand, trying to exhaust the enemy's economy, on the other hand, to reindustrialize its own economy, relying on the military-industrial complex. Objectives. We examine the evolution, main features and operational distinctions of the military-industrial complex of the United States and that of the Russian Federation, revealing sources of their military-technological and military-economic advancement in comparison with other countries. Methods. The study uses military-economic analysis, scientific and methodological apparatus of modern institutionalism. Results. Regulating the national economy and constant monitoring of budget financing contribute to the rise of military production, especially in the context of austerity and crisis phenomena, which, in particular, justifies the irrelevance of institutionalists' conclusions about increasing transaction costs and intensifying centralization in the industrial production management with respect to to the military-industrial complex. Conclusions. Proving to be much more efficient, the domestic military-industrial complex, without having such access to finance as the U.S. military monopolies, should certainly evolve and progress, strengthening the coordination, manageability, planning, maximum cost reduction, increasing labor productivity, and implementing an internal quality system with the active involvement of the State and its resources.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

On the prospects of application of nanostructured heterophase polyfunctional composite materials inengine building industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
O. B. Silchenko ◽  
M. V. Siluyanova ◽  
V. Е. Nizovtsev ◽  
D. A. Klimov ◽  
A. A. Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Nanostructured Composite ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Long Operation ◽  
Prospects Of Application

The paper gives a brief review of properties and applications of developed extra-hard nanostructured composite materials and coatings based on them. The presentresearch suggestsaerospace applications of nanostructured composite materials based on carbides, carbonitrides and diboridesof transition and refractory metals. To improve the technical and economic performance of gas turbine engines, it is advisable to use new composite structural materials whose basic physicomechanical properties are several times superior to traditional ones. The greatest progress in developing new composites should be expected in the area of materials created on the basis of polymer, metal, intermetallic and ceramic matrices. Currently components and assemblies of gas turbine engines and multiple lighting power units with long operation life and durability will vigorously develop. Next-generation composites are studied in all developed countries, primarily in the United States and Japan.

Operation of a hyperbaric oxygen therapy center in Korea: Report of our experience from a setting in its nascent stages

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Yoon Seop Kim ◽  
Yoonsuk Lee ◽  
Sun Ju Kim ◽  
Sung Oh Hwang ◽  
Yong Sung Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Hyperbaric Medicine ◽  
Therapy Center ◽  
Hbo2 Therapy

Purpose: Hyperbaric medicine is nascent in Korea when compared to other developed countries, such as the United States and Japan. Our facility has been managed by physicians with certifications from the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in diving and clinical diseases since October 2016. This study was conducted to share similar issues that are encountered during the establishment of a program in a new area through our experiences in the operation of a hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy center. Methods: In this retrospective observational study we collected data on HBO2 patients treated at our center between October 2016 and June 2018 after HBO2 was conducted by HBO2-certified physicians. We then compared demographic data of patients with data from January 2011 to September 2015 – before HBO2 operations were conducted by HBO2-certified physicians. Result: A total of 692 patients received 5,130 treatments. Twelve indicated diseases were treated using HBO2 therapy. Fifty-six critically ill patients with intubation received HBO2. Although two patients experienced seizure due to oxygen toxicity during the study period, certified physicians and inside attendant took immediate corrective action. Conclusion: After the establishment of the HBO2 center operated by physicians with certification, more patients, including critically ill patients, received HBO2 safely for various diseases. In order to improve the practice of hyperbaric medicine in Korea, the Korean Academy of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine (KAUHM), an advanced and well-organized academic society, should communicate often with HBO2 centers, with the aim to set Korean education programs at UHMS course levels and increase reimbursement for HBO2 therapy.

Audit Practices of PricewaterhouseCoopers

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry N. Winograd ◽  
James S. Gerson ◽  
Barbara L. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
International Federation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Certified Public Accountants ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
International Firms ◽  
New Development ◽  
Auditing Standards ◽  
Audit Approach

This paper discusses the development of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit Approach (PwCAA), identifies distinctive features of this approach, and provides information on new development areas. The discussion will provide a summary of each of these items and will focus on the distinctive features of the PwCAA. The article will not cover elements that appear to be consistent with other firm methodologies. Significant consistencies exist since all of the major international firms essentially operate under generally accepted auditing standards, i.e., the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as established by the International Federation of Accountants. In the United States, they also comply with generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) as established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).

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