scholarly journals La intersección entre la estancia en prisión y el sinhogarismo. Análisis comparativo de las características demográficas, antecedentes y condiciones de vida de las personas en situación de sin hogar en función de si han estado o no en prisión

2020 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Patricia Puente Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historia De Vida ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Numerosos estudios han abordado las características y antecedentes de las personas que se encuentran o han estado en prisión, así como las importantes consecuencias que esta condición ha implicado en el devenir de sus vidas. Sin embargo, muchos menos trabajos han sido dedicados a analizar específicamente la conexión entre aquella y la situación de sinhogarismo, sin que apenas se haya prestado atención a dicha cuestión en nuestro país. Las investigaciones en esta materia apuntan a que ambas circunstancias se encuentran estrechamente relacionadas e interactúan de forma compleja a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con otros factores, tanto relativos al pasado como al presente, en la conformación final de la historia de vida de cada individuo. Con base en los datos recopilados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística en la más reciente Encuesta a las personas sin hogar, realizada en el año 2012, se analizan diversos aspectos relacionados con las características, antecedentes personales y familiares y condiciones de vida de las personas en situación de sin hogar en función de si habían estado o no en prisión en algún momento de su vida. A nivel global, y en la línea de la literatura previa, los hallazgos sugieren que esta experiencia aporta un valor negativo añadido a la ya de por sí desafortunada situación de sinhogarismo, comportando unas peores condiciones de vida, a la vez que caracteriza a las personas sin hogar con antecedentes más desfavorables a lo largo de su infancia y adolescencia. Tales resultados evidencian la necesidad de diseñar e implementar estrategias de intervención que resulten eficaces para el logro efectivo de la inserción social y laboral de estos colectivos y, particularmente, de apostar por estrategias preventivas que incidan sobre las raíces de ambas condiciones. A lot of research has been conducted on the characteristics and backgrounds of people who are or have ever been imprisoned, as well as on the impact this condition has entailed on their lives. However, much less work has been specifically aimed at analysing the connection between imprisonment and homelessness, and hardly any attention has been paid to this topic in Spain. Previous research in this area has shown that both circumstances are closely related and interact in complex ways over time, in connection to other factors, both referring to the past and present time, in the final shaping of the individual’s life story. On the basis of the data collected by the National Institute of Statistics from its latest Survey to Homeless People, conducted in 2012, characteristics, backgrounds and life conditions of homeless people who had and had not been in prison are compared. In support of previous research, overall findings suggest that the fact of being an exprisoner adds negative value to the already adverse situation of homelessness, since life conditions were less favourable among individuals from the second group, who also reported coming from disadvantaged backgrounds to a greater extent. Such results evince a need for designing and implementing intervention strategies that are truly effective for achieving social inclusión and employability among these groups and, particularly, the relevance of developing preventive strategies to address the roots of both conditions.

scholarly journals Pastoreo extensivo en un pueblo de Soria: Etnografía de un mundo en extinción

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Anna Mata Romeu
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Historia De Vida ◽  
The Impact

El artículo ofrece datos sobre el pastoreo extensivo y sobre los sistemas de cultivo y las formas de vida hasta los años 70 en Torreandaluz, un pueblo del suroeste soriano. Se fundamenta en una etnografía llevada a cabo entre mediados de 2015 y la actualidad. Está basada en la observación participante, la historia de vida de un pastor de Torreandaluz y entrevistas informales a agricultores y pastores jubilados del lugar. Pretende ofrecer una visión sobre el impacto que sobre las formas de agricultura y ganadería ovina extensiva, así como sobre las formas de vida, tuvo la llegada de las técnicas de la llamada Revolución Verde. The article offers data on extensive shepherding, cultivation systems and lifestyles up to the 1970s, in Torreandaluz, a village in the southwest of Soria province. It is based on an ethnography carried out from the middle of 2015 until today. The participant observation, the life story of a shepherd of Torreandaluz and informal interviews with farmers and retired shepherds of the place made up this study. It intends to offer a vision about the impact that the arrival of the techniques of the so-called Green Revolution had on agriculture and extensive sheep farming, as well as on forms of life.

scholarly journals Medical Ethnography over Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Last
Keyword(s):  
Local Culture ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Medical Ethnography ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Too often, research into the health of a particular community is brief and superficial, focusing only on what is public and leaving the private health of women and children ‘foggy’. By contrast, long-term anthropology can offer access to processes taking place within a local culture of illness. Here, an account of a community’s experience of health over the past 50 years not only outlines the key changes as seen anthropologically but also shows how even close ethnography can initially miss important data. Furthermore, the impact of a researcher – both as a guest and as a source of interference – underlines how complex fieldwork can be in reality, especially if seen through the eyes of the researcher’s hosts.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene for homeless people

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Vicky Walters ◽  
J. C. Gaillard ◽  
Sanjida Marium Hridi ◽  
Alice McSherry
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The Right

This short communication provides insights into water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for homeless people through a scoping study conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It investigates homeless access to WASH through the lens of a rights-based approach. It demonstrates that homeless people's denial of their right to WASH reflects their marginal position in society and an unequal distribution of power and opportunities. The study ultimately suggests a rights-based approach to work toward dealing with the root causes of discrimination and marginalisation rather than just the symptoms. For the homeless, who not only lack substantive rights, but also the means through which to claim their rights, an integrated rights-based approach to WASH offers the possibility for social inclusion and significant improvements in their life conditions. Given the unique deprivation of homelessness it is argued that in addressing the lack of access to adequate WASH for homeless people the immediate goal should be the fulfilment and protection of the right to adequate shelter.

Seasonal infertility in pigs: what have we achieved and where are we up to?

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Prolonged Weaning ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seasonal Infertility ◽  
Farrowing Rate

The most common manifestations of seasonal infertility are delayed puberty, prolonged weaning to oestrus intervals and a reduced farrowing rate brought about by increased returns to oestrus, including a proportionally higher incidence of irregular returns to oestrus. Over the past 40 years, there has been considerable investment in Australian pig research that has generated extensive knowledge about the physiological mechanisms behind seasonal infertility. While some of the physiological mechanisms allowing the expression of seasonal infertility still remain unclear, a number of possible intervention strategies have been developed and investigated to ameliorate the effects of seasonal infertility in commercial production. For commercial pork producers, there is considerable information available that is based on both research and practical experience, which the farmers can use to identify strategies to minimise the impact of seasonal infertility on the farm. The industry still provides some support to research and development efforts to address seasonal infertility, although, in the future, it may be more targeted to identifying interventions to ameliorate the impact of seasonal infertility in affected herds, rather than undertaking intensive studies into the possible mechanisms and reasons behind this very complex syndrome.

scholarly journals Too Many Nonprofits? An Empirical Approach to Estimating Trends in Nonprofit Demand Density

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Harrison ◽  
Jeremy Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Standard Unit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe examine the claim that nonprofit markets have become more crowded over time. A naïve examination of the data indicates that the number of nonprofits has increased rapidly over the past two decades. However, this approach does not account for increases in population, income, or other demand factors that would alter a population’s ability to support additional nonprofits. We attempt to quantify a standard unit of demand for nonprofits over time, by exploiting the panel nature of our data. Our findings indicate that nonprofit density, normalized for changes in demand, in 2005 is lower than it was in 1990. We are also able to examine the impact of incremental increases in population to absorb a nonprofit. Overall, we find that it takes far more people to support nonprofit entry in 2005 compared to 1990. It is likely that technological shifts in production and management techniques introduced since 1990 allow firms to serve larger numbers of people. Consistent with our findings, this type of change would result in fewer nonprofits per market, serving larger numbers of people. Our results therefore provide evidence that growth in the nonprofit sector has not necessarily implied increased density or greater competition in the sector.

The Comprehensive Narrative-Crisis Model of Suicide

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Affective Dysregulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suicidal Crisis ◽  
Static Risk ◽  
Over Time

The narrative crisis model of suicide posits that individuals attempt suicide when they experience a distinct emotional state termed the suicide crisis syndrome. This chapter describes the model, which has three components: trait vulnerability, suicidal narrative, and the suicidal crisis syndrome. Trait vulnerability includes all static risk factors, which are relatively stable over time and distal to acute suicidal behavior. Suicidal narrative describes a suicidal person’s perception of his or her life story in which the past has led to an intolerable present and a future that is unimaginable. The suicidal crisis syndrome (SCS) is a distinct emotional state characterized by entrapment, affective dysregulation, and loss of cognitive control. The result is the suicidal act, brought on by an emotional urge to end the intolerable mental pain of SCS. Imminent suicide risk is primarily determined by SCS intensity, to which both trait vulnerability and the suicidal narrative also contribute independently.

5. Persistence and change

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Jeroen Duindam
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scale Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Unbroken Chain

The never-ending lists of kings imparted the view of an unbroken chain extending into the past, but they also suggested the repeated rise and fall of ruling houses. Did dynasties necessarily follow the organic trajectory of birth, growth, maturity, old age, and death? ‘Persistence and change’ compares cyclical views of dynastic power throughout history and across the globe. It also asks how scale, change over time, and regional variety impacted dynasties. Finally, it considers the rise of Europe: royalty worldwide would undergo the impact of modernization first and foremost in the shape of European military and commercial dominance.

scholarly journals Can the Dimensions of Identity, Investment and Empowerment Increase Social Inclusion for Second-language Learners? – Moving Towards the Creation of a Conceptual Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Gaston Bacquet
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Much of social research in language learning in the past twenty years has been devoted to explore issues of identity construction and its sociological implications in terms of mobility and inclusiveness. There are a large number of studies on the areas of culture and identity, and how they relate to the investment and empowerment of language learners (Dörnyei, 2005; Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011; Norton, 1997, 2000, 2013, 2015; Norton & Davin, 2015; Ushioda, 2011). Some of these have been pivotal in the development of identity research for the past two decades and have laid the foundation upon which further research has been done: Norton (1995) proposed her Classroom-Based Social Research, in which learners become ethnographers of sorts under the encouragement of teachers; Brunton and Jeffrey (2014) examined some of the factors that might lead to empowerment with foreign students in New Zealand (2013), Diaz, Cochran, and Karlin (2016) conducted a study in American classrooms to investigate the impact of teachers’ behavior and communication strategies on students’ achievement and feeling of empowerment, and more recently Howard (2018) investigated the impact of teachers’ attitudes in the construction of socio-cultural identities in African-American students. Such research has provided a wealth of insight and suggested practices, but in this researcher’s opinion they have come short in providing any definite answers as to how to implement them or the outcomes they might yield. The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on how the aforementioned dimensions of identity construction, empowerment and investment can result in greater social inclusion for second-language learners. The paper analyzes each dimension separately, provides a theoretical background that links them to language learning, and then discusses some possible implications for teachers and researchers on how to further recruit students’ investment and enhance their sense of empowerment and inclusion.

Significant Improvement of the Survival of Patients with Multiple Myeloma Presenting with Severe Renal Impairment After the Introduction of Novel Agents

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 948-948
Author(s):  
Meletios A Dimopoulos ◽  
Sosana Delimpasi ◽  
Eirini Katodritou ◽  
Eleftheria Hatzimichael ◽  
Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Novel Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Abstract 948 Renal impairment (RI) is a common presenting complication of multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with increased risk of treatment related toxicity and early death. The management of RI in patients with MM requires vigorous supportive measures and the immediate institution of antimyeloma therapy. After the introduction of novel agents a significant improvement of the survival of patients with MM has been observed; however, the impact of these therapies on the survival of MM patients who present with RI has not been extensively studied. In order to analyze the impact of RI in newly diagnosed patients with MM over the past 20 years, we analyzed 1773 patients with symptomatic myeloma who were treated within the Greek Myeloma Study Group (GMSG). Patients were divided in groups according to the date of initial treatment (1/1/1990-31/12/1994, 1/1/1995-31/12/1999, 1/1/2000-31/12/2004, after 1/1/2005). Thalidomide became available in Greece after 1/1/2000 and bortezomib after 1/1/2005. eGFR was calculated by the modified MDRD formula and the degree of RI was rated as severe when eGFR was <30 ml/min, moderate when eGFR was 30–59 ml/min and mild (or no RI) when eGFR >60 ml/min. The frequency of RI over time was similar as well as the proportion of patients who presented with severe RI (17% vs. 21% vs. 17% vs. 19%) for the respective time periods (p=0.496). More patients >65 years started therapy after 2000 (44% vs. 50% vs. 59% vs. 59%, respectively, p<0.001), especially patients >75 years (13% vs. 18% vs. 24% vs. 32%, respectively, p<0.001). Anemia (Hb <10 g/dl; p=0.007) and ISS-3 disease (p=0.001) were more common after 1/1/1995; there were no other significant differences in the characteristics of the patients during the respective time periods. No patients received upfront novel agents before 31/12/1999, while 20% received upfront novel agent in the period 2000–2004 (almost exclusively thalidomide) and 73% after 1/1/2005 (mostly thalidomide and bortezomib). Myeloma response (≥PR) to frontline therapy was achieved in 56.5% & 54% of patients in the period 1990–1994 & 1995–1999 vs. 67% and 72% of patients in the periods 2000–2004 and after 2005 (p<0.001). The median survival of patients has improved significantly during the past 20 years: 39 months (1990-1994), 31 months (1995-1999), 40.5 months (2000-2004), 54 months after 2005 (p<0.001). The median OS for patients with severe RI has improved significantly from 18 months & 19.5 months in the 1990–1994 & 1995–1999 to 29 months and 32 months for the periods 2000–2004 and after 2005 (p=0.005). For patients with moderate RI the OS improved from 33 & 26 months between 1990–1994 & 1995–1999 to 40 & 44 months in the periods 2000–2004 and after 2005 (p=0.003). For patients with an eGFR ≥60 ml/min the OS improvement was less pronounced (48.5 months vs. 45 months vs. 51 months for the periods 1990–1994 & 1995–1999 & 2000–2004 respectively (p=0.076) and only after 2005 a significant improvement in OS is observed (median OS has not been reached; 3-year OS rate is 73%, p<0.001). For patients with severe RI early death rates (<2 months from initiation of therapy) were 12% vs. 7% for patients with moderate RI vs. 3% for patients with mild or no RI (p<0.001) and remained unchanged over time. We then adjusted for differences between groups in a multivariate model: treatment after 1/1/2000 was independently associated with improved survival compared to patients treated before 31/12/1999 (p<0.001). After adjusting for the degree of RI in the model, the hazards ratios (HR) for death for patients with severe RI for the 2000–2004 and after 2005 periods were 0.485 & 0.387 respectively compared to patients treated before 2000 (p<0.001 for both comparisons). For patients with moderate RI the respective HRs were 0.65 (p=0.003) & 0.57 (p=0.001), while for patients with mild or no RI the HRs were 0.85 (p=0.1) & 0.66 (p=0.003) for the 2000–2004 and after 2005 periods, respectively. In conclusion, the incidence of RI at diagnosis of MM has remained unchanged during the past 20 years, despite the increasing numbers of older patients who are diagnosed and treated for MM. The risk of early death is almost 2 to 4-fold higher in patients with severe RI vs. patients with moderate or no RI and has not improved over time. However, after the introduction of novel therapies there has been a significant improvement of the survival of patients with RI, which is more pronounced in patients with severe RI. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Ageing, wellbeing and development: Brazil and South Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Barrientos ◽  
Valerie Møller ◽  
João Saboia ◽  
Peter Lloyd-Sherlock ◽  
Julia Mase
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Pension Income ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Satisfaction Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses the impact of individual ageing on the wellbeing of older people and their households in low-income areas Brazil and South Africa. The research was based on a longitudinal and comparative survey of around 1000 older persons and their households in selected low-income locations in the two countries. A comparison of older people’s wellbeing levels in 2002 and 2008 found improvement over time in a range of wellbeing indicators: per capita household income and expenditure; multidimensional measures; and life satisfaction measures. For low-income households, pension income is essential to their wellbeing, livelihoods, and social inclusion. The research findings suggest that, with appropriate public policies, individual ageing is not necessarily associated with a decline in wellbeing in developing countries.

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