Tracheid Length Variation in Pinus kesiya Royle Ex Gord. as Affected by Age, Distance From Pith, Growth Rate and Ring Width

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Gogoi ◽  
M. Sharma ◽  
C. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Tracheid Length

Intra-Ring and Inter-Ring Variations of Tracheid Length in Fast-Grown Versus Slow-Grown Norway Spruces (Picea Abies)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Herman ◽  
Pierre Dutilleul ◽  
Tomas Avella-Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean

Our study was conducted on 40 Norway spruces [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from a stand located in the Belgian Ardennes. Twenty trees were randomly sampled from a slow-growth category, and twenty others from a fast -growth category. The hypothesis under testing is fourfold: increased tree growth rate may affect 1) the intra-ring weighted frequency distribution of tracheid length, 2) the inter-ring variation (from pith to bark) of the parameters describing this frequency distribution, 3) the interring variation of the mean tracheid length, and 4) the correlation between yearly mean tracheid length and yearly ring width.

Growth rate effects on correlations among ring width, wood density, and mean tracheid length in Norway spruce (Picea abies)

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Dutilleul ◽  
Marc Herman ◽  
Tomas Avella-Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Tree Approach

The main hypothesis tested in this paper is whether heavy thinnings affect the correlations among ring width, wood density, and mean tracheid length. Within-tree correlations were calculated between time series of yearly measurements. Among-tree correlations were computed (1) between averages over a growing period and (2) year by year. Correlations were analyzed on 20 fast-grown and 20 slow-grown Norway spruces (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from an even-aged, plantation-grown stand near Rendeux, Belgian Ardennes. In the within-tree approach, fast-grown spruces showed a stronger negative correlation between ring width and fiber length. In among-tree approach 1, the widely held negative correlation between ring width and wood density vanished when the spruce growth rate was above 2.2 cm/year in circumference. Among-tree approach 2 demonstrated that the magnitude and sign of the correlations also depended on the year; a few years showed a significant correlation between ring width and wood density for the fast-grown Norway spruces, whereas the correlation was systematically negative and significant on many years for the slow-grown spruces. This study may explain part of the contradictory results reported in the literature concerning hypotheses similar to ours.

scholarly journals Wood density and tracheid length of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) grafts in relation to cambium age and growth rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Foti Dafni ◽  
Passialis Costas ◽  
Voulgaridis Elias ◽  
Skaltsoyiannes Apostolos ◽  
Tsaktsira Maria
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
The Relationship

Wood density, tracheid length and growth rate were measured in Aleppo pine scions, 21–23 years old, and in Brutia pine rootstocks. In regard to the relationship between cambial age and dry density the results showed that the density increased with cambial age in both scions and rootstocks while the differences between Aleppo pine and Brutia pine were small. The relationship between cambial age and tracheid length showed an increase of tracheid length with cambial age. Differences between scions and rootstocks were small. From the last relationship it can be extracted that juvenile wood is produced in both scions and rootstocks although the Aleppo pine branches which were used for grafting were genetically matured. Between ring width and dry density and between ring width and tracheid length no statistical correlations were found either in scions or in rootstocks. The tracheid length in mature wood was higher than in juvenile wood. An increase of tracheid length with ring width was observed only in the case of juvenile wood.

Maturation Rate of Tracheid Lengthening in Slow-Grown Young Sugi (Cryptomeria Japonica) Trees

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Kubo ◽  
Miwako Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Maturation Rate

Maturation rate, the rate of increase in tracheid length in juvenile wood, was examined in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) saplings grown for five years under different shading conditions: 10%, 20% 40% and 100 % of relative illumination intensity. The lowest photointensity dramatically suppressed radial growth and slowed tracheid lengthening. Radial variation of tracheid length within the stem was associated with distance from the pith, rather than the number of annual rings from the pith. Furthermore, maturation rate was closely related to the rate of the radial growth, which changed proportionally with growth rate below a 2-3 mm ring width. A lower maturation rate of tracheid length is associated with a delay in the transition from juvenile to mature wood.

Distribution of juvenile wood in two stems of Larixlaricina

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Yang ◽  
C. A. Benson ◽  
J. K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Growth Ring Width

The distribution and vertical variation of juvenile wood was studied in an 81-year-old dominant tree and an 83-year-old suppressed tree of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Two criteria, growth ring width and tracheid length, were used to demarcate the boundary of juvenile wood. The width of juvenile wood, expressed in centimetres and the number of growth rings, decreased noticeably from the base to the top of the tree. The volume of juvenile wood decreased in a similar pattern. These decreasing trends had a strong negative correlation with the year of formation of cambial initials at a given tree level. The length of these cambial initials decreased with increasing age of formation of the cambial initials. In the juvenile wood zone, there was a positive linear regression between the growth ring number (age) and the tracheid length. The slopes of these regression lines at various tree levels increased as the age of the year of formation of the cambial initials increased. At a given tree level, the length of tracheids increased from the pith to a more uniform length near the bark. However, the number of years needed to attain a more uniform tracheid length decreased from the base to the top of the tree. These relationships suggest that the formation of juvenile wood is related to the year of formation of the cambial initials. Consequently, the juvenile wood is conical in shape, tapering towards the tree top.

Cambial activity and ray cell abundance in Acer saccharum

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (20) ◽  
pp. 2559-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Ray Cell

The ratio of ray and ray cell initials to fusiform initials of the vascular cambium relative to radial growth rate as reflected in the secondary xylem was studied in stems of Acer saccharum Marsh. Ray initials increased in size as they aged, slowly when growth rate was low, rapidly when it was high, but there was little fluctuation in the number of rays per unit of tangential area; as the cambium increased in circumference, the older, larger rays diverged and new small rays arose in intervening areas, thus maintaining a uniform unit area population independent of growth rate. However, since ray size increased rapidly when growth rate was high, the unit area population of ray cells rose abruptly with accelerating growth rate: the relative volume of xylem ray tissue rose from 8.6 to 12.7% of the total xylem volume when annual ring width increased from 1 to 7 mm. When fast growth was not maintained, the unit area population of ray cells declined slowly as the large rays diverged.

scholarly journals Effect of the outbreak of horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić) on tree-ring width in common horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Grzegorz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Chestnut Leaf

Abstract Common horse-chestnut is frequently infested by the insect pest horse-chestnut leaf miner [HCLM; Cameraria ohridella (Deschka & Dimić, 1986), Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera]. The larvae, feeding on leaf parenchyma, cause browning and dehydration of leaves, which may be shed as early as in summer. The major aims of this study were: (1) to assess the effect of infestation by HCLM on ring-width dynamics in common horse-chestnut; (2) to determine the date of invasion of the pest; and (3) to compare the growth-climate response in the period before and after the invasion of HCLM. In 2017 in north-western Poland, samples from 30 horse-chestnut trees for the dendrochronological analysis were taken with help of a Pressler increment borer. The ring-width chronology was developed using standard dendrochronological methods. Dendroclimatological analyses were made in 2 periods: before the determined date of HCLM invasion (till the year 1999) and after the invasion (in 20002016). In 2000, in spite of favourable weather conditions, a reduced growth rate was observed in 91% of the analysed trees. The period of strong reductions lasted till 2010. Before the invasion, radial growth rate was dependent on temperature and precipitation in May and June of the current year, whereas after the invasion, the growth-climate response was dependent on temperature and precipitation in the preceding year and the correlation was stronger. Surprisingly, in recent years (2011–2016), in spite of infestation by HCLM every year, the health condition of the analysed trees has improved and tree-ring width has increased.

scholarly journals Cell Cycle-Dependent Flagellar Disassembly in a Firebug Trypanosomatid Leptomonas pyrrhocoris

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Y. He ◽  
Adarsh Singh ◽  
Vyacheslav Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Length Regulation ◽  
Cycle Dependent

ABSTRACT Current understanding of flagellum/cilium length regulation focuses on a few model organisms with flagella of uniform length. Leptomonas pyrrhocoris is a monoxenous trypanosomatid parasite of firebugs. When cultivated in vitro, L. pyrrhocoris duplicates every 4.2 ± 0.2 h, representing the shortest doubling time reported for trypanosomatids so far. Each L. pyrrhocoris cell starts its cell cycle with a single flagellum. A new flagellum is assembled de novo, while the old flagellum persists throughout the cell cycle. The flagella in an asynchronous L. pyrrhocoris population exhibited a vast length variation of ∼3 to 24 μm, casting doubt on the presence of a length regulation mechanism based on a single balance point between the assembly and disassembly rate in these cells. Through imaging of live L. pyrrhocoris cells, a rapid, partial disassembly of the existing, old flagellum is observed upon, if not prior to, the initial assembly of a new flagellum. Mathematical modeling demonstrated an inverse correlation between the flagellar growth rate and flagellar length and inferred the presence of distinct, cell cycle-dependent disassembly mechanisms with different rates. On the basis of these observations, we proposed a min-max model that could account for the vast flagellar length range observed for asynchronous L. pyrrhocoris. This model may also apply to other flagellated organisms with flagellar length variation. IMPORTANCE Current understanding of flagellum biogenesis during the cell cycle in trypanosomatids is limited to a few pathogenic species, including Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp. The most notable characteristics of trypanosomatid flagella studied so far are the extreme stability and lack of ciliary disassembly/absorption during the cell cycle. This is different from cilia in Chlamydomonas and mammalian cells, which undergo complete absorption prior to cell cycle initiation. In this study, we examined flagellum duplication during the cell cycle of Leptomonas pyrrhocoris. With the shortest duplication time documented for all Trypanosomatidae and its amenability to culture on agarose gel with limited mobility, we were able to image these cells through the cell cycle. Rapid, cell cycle-specific flagellum disassembly different from turnover was observed for the first time in trypanosomatids. Given the observed length-dependent growth rate and the presence of different disassembly mechanisms, we proposed a min-max model that can account for the flagellar length variation observed in L. pyrrhocoris.

Influence of Growth Rate and Cambial Age on Density of Rauli (Nothofagus nervosa) in Relation to Vessel Lumen Areas and Numbers

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Denne ◽  
C. M. Cahalan ◽  
D. P. Aebischer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Nothofagus Nervosa

Summary To assess the likely effects of silvicultural treatment on the wood quality of Nothofagus nervosa grown in the UK, and the possibilities of independent selection within seed origins for density and growth rate, ring width and wood density were analysed from pith to bark of 19 trees. Variations in vessel lumen size, vessel number mm−2, and total lumen area mm−2 were analysed in ten trees. Since density increased by only 0.005g cm−3 per mm increase in ring width, silvicultural practices such as initial spacing and thinning are not likely to have a substantial effect on the wood density of rauli. Similarly, variation in density with cambial age was significant but relatively minor in the 40- and 60-year old trees of the present sample, suggesting that the rotation length is unlikely to have any practical influence on the density of rauli. Considerable between-tree differences in density were found which did not correspond to differences in ring width, suggesting it should be feasible to select independently for density and growth rate. These differences in density were associated with differences in both vessel lumen size and vessel number mm−2

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